Question

One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her ear. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly.” It was the woman’s custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her earrings. “But somehow the action got reversed（顛倒）in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these “programme assembly failures.”
Twenty percent of all errors were “test failures” — mainly due to not verifying the progress of what the body was doing. A man about to get his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them on — much to his surprise. A woman reported, “I got into the bath with my socks on.”
The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the names of people whose faces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it.
The research so far suggests that while the central processor of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practiced routine, it must repeatedly switch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be gotten by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors.

1. 1.
   The purpose of the professor’s research is to __________.
   1. A.
      show the difference between men and women
   2. B.
      sort and explain some errors in human actions
   3. C.
      find the causes which lead to computer failures
   4. D.
      compare computer functions with brain working
2. 2.
   Which of the following might be grouped under “programme assembly failures”?
   1. A.
      A woman went to a shop and forgot what to buy.
   2. B.
      A man returning home after work left his key in the lock.
   3. C.
      A lady fell as she was paying attention to each step her feet were taking.
   4. D.
      An old man, with his shoes on, was trying to put on his socks.
3. 3.
   The underlined word “verifying” (in paragraph 3) can be replaced by “_______”.
   1. A.
      improving
   2. B.
      changing
   3. C.
      checking
   4. D.
      stopping
4. 4.
   According to the passage, the information “storage failure” refers to “_______”.
   1. A.
      information collecting system being destroyed
   2. B.
      one’s total memory being removed
   3. C.
      the loss of part of one’s memory for a time
   4. D.
      the separation of one’s action from words

Answer 1

BDCC
1.B  選項A意為“說明男女之間的差異”；選項B意為“分類和解釋人的行為的錯誤”；選項C意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)電腦故障的原因”；選項D意為“將大腦的工作與電腦的功能作比較”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句，特別是“fell into a few groups”意為：分成幾組�？芍�選項B為最佳答案。
2.D 短文敘述了因心不在焉而犯的錯誤，將其分為三類：programme assembly failures，test failures和storage failures.根據(jù)這三類錯誤的內(nèi)容可知，選項A和選項B屬于storage failures.選項C屬于test failures，則選項D屬于programme assembly failures，故D正確。
3.C 根據(jù)短文第三段的內(nèi)容，以及短文最后一段簡述了大腦在不斷控制行為的過程中要不時地檢測所作所為與所欲結(jié)果是否一致，如若不然，人們就會不自覺地做一些日常經(jīng)常做的動作，這便是種種錯誤的根源。選項A意為“提高，改善”；選項B意為“改變”；選項C意為“檢查”；選項D意為“停止；阻攔”。故選項C正確。
4.C 選項A意為“信息采集系統(tǒng)受到破壞”；選項B意為“人的記憶被刪除”；選項C意為“人一度失去記憶”；選項D意為“人的言行不一致”。根據(jù)第四段所提到的例子，可知選項C為最佳答案。