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In addition to self-awareness, imagination, and conscience, it is the fourth quality ― independent will ― that really makes effective self-management possible.  It is the ability to make decisions and choices and to act in agreement with them.  It is the ability to act rather than to be acted upon, to actively carry out the program we have developed through the other three qualities.

    The human will is an amazing thing.  Time after time, it has overcome unbelievable difficulties.  The Helen Kellers of this world give dramatic(給人深刻印象的) evidence to the value, the power of the independent will.

    But as we examine this quality in the context of effective self-management, we realize it’s usually not the dramatic, the visible(可見的), the once-in-a-lifetime, up-by-the-bootstraps(自立自強(qiáng)的) effort that brings lasting success.  This special ability comes from learning how to use this great quality in the decisions we make every day.

  The degree to which we have developed our independent will in our everyday lives is measured by our personal honesty.  Honesty is, fundamentally, the value we place on ourselves.  It’s our ability to make and keep promises to ourselves, to “walk our talk. ”

   Effective management is putting first things first.  While leadership decides what “first things” are, it is management that puts them first, day-by-day, moment-by-moment.  Management is discipline (training to be self-controlled), carrying it out.

   Discipline obtains from belief―belief in a set of values, belief in an overriding(最主要的) purpose, to a long-term or short term goal that must be carried out.

 In other words, if you are an effective manager of yourself, your discipline comes from within; it is a function of your independent will.  You are a follower of your own deep values and their source.  And you have the will, the quality to control your feelings and moods rather than depend on others or have your work half done.  

 

Title

The power of independent will

Theme

Independent will makes self-management (76)       .

Reasons

?The example given to (77)        power of independent will is amazing.

?Power of independent will helps to make one’s (78)       every day.

?(79)       is very important to develop our independent will.

?It’s our ability to have our promises made and (80)       .

Suggestions

?Effective managers should know (81)        should be done first.

?Effective managers with discipline should (82)        to their  promises.

(83)      

?You (84)        your deep values.

?Your feelings and moods are able to be (85)       .

76.  effective        77. prove/show/indicate    78. decisions         79. Honesty   80.  kept  

81.  what             82.  stick                         83.  Conclusions    84.  follow     85.  controlled

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：江蘇省揚(yáng)州中學(xué)2012屆高三11月練習(xí)英語(yǔ)試題 題型：053

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　　Some people believe that greed and selfishness has become the basis of modern society, and we should return to the old traditions of family and community then we will have a better life．To what extent do you agree or disagree with the above opinion?

　　In this fast-paced world, many values are undergoing major changes．While people traditionally prioritize caring, sharing and generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbed and self-concerned．

　　Modern people act selfishly to survive the harsh competition of life．They say that it is a jungle out there．To survive, you have to fight with whatever means that come handy．Obviously greedy and selfishness go perfectly well with such ideas．In a company, employees do everything they can to get better pay and higher position, even at the cost of colleagues．We are in any way advocating any selfish conduct．It is just that people are pressured to act in a certain way due to outside influences．

　　In spite of common practice, it is hard to conclude that modern society is built on greed and selfishness, both of which are not newly invented vocabulary．In ancient times people also did greedy and selfish things though such behaviors were more condemned then．But we can not ignore the fact that people in the past lived a relatively more isolated life and faced less pressure compared with their modern counterparts．

　　Are we happier to share with others and be generous to them? There is no fixed answer either．Some people take great pleasure helping and giving to others while others feel happy doing the opposite．But I personally think that people should not be too selfish．Caring for others can actually encourage the development of a mutually beneficial relationship．

　　In conclusion, modern people appear to be more self-centered than those in the past due to strong outside pressure．However, we should encourage people to know the importance of being caring and generous and to build a mutually beneficial relationship with others．

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

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Each year there is an increasing number of cars as millions of new cars are produced in America . Americans will not live without cars ! However , some have realised the serious problem of air pollution by cars . It is necessary to find ways to solve the problem of air pollution .

One way to clean the air is to build a new kind of clean car . That’s what several of the large car factories are trying to do . But to build a clean car is easier said than done . Progress in this field has been slow .

Another way is to take the place of the car engine by something else . Engineers are now working on it . Many makers believe that it will take years to develop a practical model that can please man .

To prevebt the world being polluted by cars , They have to cut down on the number of their cars and are encouraged to travel and go to work by bike . But this change doesn’t close down ---- many workers may find themselves without jobs if a car factory closes down . And the problem of their pollution would become less important than that of unemployment.

Title : (1) _____ and Pollution in America

Problem

Method

(6)____

Conclusion

Air (2)

_____

Building a new kind of the car (3)

_____ by something else  

Progress in this field is (7)______

Americans may live a happy but (10)____ life .

(4)_____ down on the number of cars

It takes years to develop a practical (8)______

Traveling and going to work by (5) ______

(9) _____ may lose jobs

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2012屆江蘇省鹽城中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解

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The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850-1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed “the Garden City”, almost certainly the source of Howard’s name for his later building plan of towns. Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs.
The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities. At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression(蕭條) and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life. Howard’s idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city. Howard’s idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price.
Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries. They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions. As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away. Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city.
The Invention of the Garden City

Ebenezer Howard
(1850-1928)
was___1____ for the invention of the garden city;
immigrated from England to the US;
___2____ in his attempt to make a living ;
moved to Chicago and saw the city being ___3___;
took ___4___ of the popular ideas and created a unique combination of designs.
 
The ___5___ of the 19th century city and countryside 
City: Though a terrible place, the city had economic and social opportunities to ___6___.
Countryside: Fresh___7___ the air there was, job opportunities were inadequate, let alone social life.
 
Howard’s idea of a garden city
A garden city would be built in the countryside where the land wasn’t ___8___;
___9___ a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries, garden cities would be surrounded by a green belt;
As the garden city reached the planned belt, another would be started a short distance away, a transportation system connecting it to the others ___10___.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：安徽省20092010學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試試題（英語(yǔ)） 題型：其他題

IV: 任務(wù)型讀寫

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Do American children still learn handwriting in school? In this age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out.

Steve Graham, a literacy professor at Vanderbilt University, says he has been hearing about the death of handwriting for the past fifteen years. However, a recent survey shows that it is still being taught by about 90% of teachers in grades one to three. 90% of teachers also say they are required to teach handwriting. But studies have yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it. Professor Graham says that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. “And then when you look at how it’s taught, you have some teachers who are teaching handwriting by providing instruction for ten, fifteen minutes a day, and then other teachers who basically teach it for 60 to 70 minutes a day -- which really for handwriting is pretty much death.”

Many adults remember learning by copying letters over and over again. Today’s thinking is that short periods of practice are better. Many experts also think handwriting should not be taught by itself but be used as a way to get students to express ideas. After all, that is why we write.

Handwriting involves two skills. One is legibility (清楚), which means forming the letters so they can be read. The other is fluency -- writing without having to think about it. The professor says fluency continues to develop up until high school.

But not everyone masters these skills. Teachers commonly report about one-fourth of their kids have poor handwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important anymore because of computers and voice recognition programs. But Professor Graham says word processing is rarely done in elementary school, especially in the early years. Even with high school teachers, we find that less than 50% of assignments are done via word processing or with word processing. And, in fact, if we added in taking notes and doing tests in class, most of the writing done in school is done by hand.

American children traditionally first learn to print, then to write in cursive (草體的), which connects the letters. But actually more than 75% of students choose to print their essay on the test rather than write in cursive.

Title

Write or Wrong: The Death of Handwriting?

Theme

Handwriting lessons are on the way out.

Present (56)_______ of handwriting lessons

It’s required to teach by about (57)_____ of teachers in grades one to three;

Three out of every four teachers aren’t prepared to teach handwriting;

(58) _______ are provided from 10-15 minutes a day to 60-70 minutes a day respectively.

Common (59)________ on teaching handwriting

Short periods of practice are better;

It should not be taught by itself (60)_______ be used as a way to get students to express ideas

Two skills (61)______ in handwriting

Legibility;

(62)_____.

(63)____ of               poor handwriting

Computers and voice recognition programs are (64)________;

The fact that most of the writing done in school is done by hand is ignored;

More than 75% of students (65)____ printing their essay on tests to writing in cursive.

 

 

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：安徽省2009-2010學(xué)年度高一下學(xué)期期中考試試卷（英語(yǔ)） 題型：任務(wù)型閱讀

 

第五部分：任務(wù)型閱讀（共10小題，每小題1分，滿分10分）

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   Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults.

The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame. After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime, drug-taking, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting different kinds of fields of development: physical development, mental development and social development. Thus, one can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.

Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make a positive difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal. First, dosage matters -- young people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make a bigger difference for those students who need help most and have the fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best when they create unique opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities, skill building meaningful involvement, expression, suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics make an important difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe and fair environment, encourage personalized involvement, and actively create learning opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have a promising future, how they are designed and run matters.

Title: Quality After-school Programs

Purpose

1.（56）_______ academic performance

2. Decreasing youth crimes and other high-risk behaviors

3. Helping young people grow into healthy, successful adults

（57） ____

1. Improved academic performance

● better work habits

● higher rates of homework completion

● improved grades and higher scores

● fewer absences and（58）_____ blame

Helping young people become members making a（61）______ to society

2. Decreased high-risk teen, behaviors

● decreased rates of crime

●the（59）_______ of drug

● teen sex among youth

3.（60）_______ fields of development

● physical development

● mental development

● social development

Factor

1. Dosage matters.

2.（62）_______matter.

3. Qualities matter.

（63）_____

The future of after-school programs is promising,（64）_____ how to design and run the programs is very（65）_______.

 

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