5．Believe it or not，optical illusion（錯覺） can cut highway crashes．Japan is a case in point．It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75% using a simple optical illusion．But stripes，called chevrons（人字形），painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are，and thus drivers slow down．
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation（基金會） for Traffic Safety in Washington D．C．is planning to repeat Japan's success．Starting next year，the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes．
Excessive （too great） speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents，according to the foundation．To help reduce those accidents，the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards （danger） are--the greatest curves，exit slopes，traffic circles，and bridges．
Some studies suggest that straight，horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half．However，traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars．
Chevrons，scientists say，not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower．The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents．
78．The passage mainly discussesA．
A．a(chǎn) new way of highway speed control
B．a(chǎn) new pattern for painting highways
C．a(chǎn) new way of training drivers
D．a(chǎn) new type of optical illusion
79．On roads painted with chevrons，drivers tend to feel thatC．
A．they should avoid speed-related hazards
B．they are driving in the wrong lane
C．they should slow down their speed
D．they are coming near to the speed limit
80．The advantage of chevrons over straight，horizontal bars is that the formerD．
A．can keep drivers awake
B．can cut road accidents in half
C．will look more attractive
D．will have a longer effect on drivers
81．The American Automobile Association Foundation forTraffic Safety plans toA．
A．try out the Japanese method in certain areas
B．change the road signs across the country
C．replace straight，horizontal bars with chevrons
D．repeat the Japanese road patterns．
分析 作者通過這篇文章主要向我們講述的是一種新型的可以控制汽車速度的方式，為了控制車速，減少交通事故，美國決定在公路上畫人字形標(biāo)志，它可以讓司機覺得車速過快，從而達到控制車速的目的，然而，當(dāng)司機習(xí)慣于看到畫桿時，行駛速度常在數(shù)月內(nèi)返回到全速．
解答 78．A．主旨大意題，通讀全文，我們可以知道，在高速公路上畫各種線是為了讓司機覺得車速過快，從而達到控制車速的目的，文章講述的是一種新型的可以控制公路速度的方式；故選A．
79．C．細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章第二段painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving fasterthan they really are，畫上的道路讓司機覺得他們駕駛他們真的更快，因此司機慢下來，可知司機會減速；故選C．
80．D．細節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)文章最后一段The result is a longer lasting reduction of highway speed and thenumber of traffic accidents可知，人字形線比直線、平等線對控制車速有更長久的影響；故選D．
81．A．推理判斷題，根據(jù)文章第三段Now the American Automobile Association Foundations For TrafficSafety in Washington D．C．is planning to repeat Japan's success，現(xiàn)在在華盛頓特區(qū)的美國汽車協(xié)會為了交通安全正在計劃效仿日本的成功的例子，可知美國要學(xué)習(xí)日本的方式；故選A．
點評 本文是新聞報道類閱讀理解．做這類題材閱讀理解時要求考生對文章通讀一遍，做題時結(jié)合原文和題目有針對性的找出相關(guān)語句進行仔細分析，結(jié)合選項選出正確答案．推理判斷題也是要在抓住關(guān)鍵句子的基礎(chǔ)上合理的分析才能得出正確答案，切忌胡亂猜測，一定要做到有理有據(jù)
