17.If there was ever a study not to lose sleep over,it's this one.People deprived(剝奪) of a good night's rest are more likely to experience changes in brain activity that can increase the urge to eat high-calorie foods.
Matthew Walker at the University of California in Berkeley and his colleagues conducted the first study of brain activity in relation to food among sleep-deprived people.The team studied brain patterns in 23people,first after a night of peaceful sleep and then after a night without sleep.
Sleep deprivation reduced activity in three areas of the brain that help,among other things,to process flavour signals.It also led to more activity in the brain,which helps govern the desire to eat.The team also found that volunteers considered pictures of high-calorie foods as more desirable after no sleep than after a good rest.
It may make evolutionary(進(jìn)化的) sense,says Laurent Brondel at the University of Burgundy in Dijon,F(xiàn)rance.The long summer days at higher latitudes(緯度) deprive animals of sleep,but they use their time awake to eat more,which helps them get through the short days of winter when there is not enough food.
That's only part of the story,though,says Stephanie Greer,another member of the team.The body does need more energy if someone remains awake for longer-but the high-calorie foods that become more desirable after sleep deprivation would more than meet this additional need.The changes in food desirability encouraged by the sleep-deprived brain may originally have been an important adaptation but today they no longer benefit our health.
Brondel agrees with this conclusion."Sleep deprivation could change eating behaviour,"he says.Whatever the cause,there's one clear message from the study."These findings provide opportunities to adjust our environment and behaviour in new ways to handle such health problems,"Greer says."Specifically,our study shows that one choice people can make is to regularly obtain enough amounts of sleep."
28.Why did Matthew Walker conduct the study about sleep-deprived people?D
A.To learn more about sleep patterns.
B.To warn of the danger of high-calorie foods.
C.To know the importance of getting enough rest.
D.To find relations between brain activity and food.
29.Which of the following is the correct cause-and-effect diagram?A
A.sleep→brain activity→appetite(胃口)
B.sleep→appetite→brain activity
C.brain activity→sleep→appetite
D.a(chǎn)ppetite→brain activity→sleep
30.Sleep deprivation of animals at higher latitudesC.
A.makes them evolve
B.does harm to their health
C.helps them survive winters
D.keeps them awake in winters
31.What does the author mean by saying"That's only part of the story"in Paragraph 5?B
A.The high-calorie foods are more desirable.
B.Sleep deprivation also has its bad effects.
C.Our body is in need of more energy.
D.The changes do animals harm.
分析 通過(guò)研究表明,睡眠不足對(duì)人和動(dòng)物有影響,影響有好的方面和不好的方面.
解答 28.D,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)句子Matthew Walker at the University of California in Berkeley and his colleagues conducted the first study of brain activity in relation to food among sleep-deprived people.可知,Matthew Walker進(jìn)行這個(gè)研究是要找出腦活動(dòng)和食物之間的關(guān)系,故答案為D.
29.A,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)句子Sleep deprivation reduced activity in three areas of the brain that help,among other things,to process flavour signals.It also led to more activity in the brain,which helps govern the desire to eat可知,睡眠會(huì)影響大腦活動(dòng),從而對(duì)胃口造成一定的影響,故答案為A.
30.C,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)句子The long summer days at higher latitudes(緯度) deprive animals of sleep,but they use their time awake to eat more,which helps them get through the short day of winter when there is not enough food.可以,高緯度的動(dòng)物睡眠不足,導(dǎo)致他們吃很多東西,這樣使它們度過(guò)冬天,故答案為C.
31.B,推理判斷題,根據(jù)這一段最后一句 but today they no longer benefit our health可知,這句轉(zhuǎn)折的句子意味著"睡眠不足也會(huì)有副作用",故答案為B.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 解答任務(wù)型閱讀理解題,首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意.因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題,所以,速讀全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速讀的過(guò)程中,應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料.其次,細(xì)讀題材,各個(gè)擊破.掌握全文的大意之后,細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問(wèn)題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問(wèn)題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息.最后,要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時(shí),要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性.對(duì)于捕獲到的信息,要做認(rèn)真分析,仔細(xì)推敲,理解透徹,只有這樣,針對(duì)題目要求,才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn).