Question

When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure (確保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization (UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.
More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster; it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give me a fish and I eat for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is take for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back form time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.
Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.
小題1:According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?

A． By solving the cost problems

B． By solving the transportation problems

C． By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.

D． By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.

小題2:What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?

A．Providing food is vital	B．Learning to fish is helpful
C．Teaching skills is essential	D．Looking after others is important.

小題3:The second paragraph is developed mainly _________.

A．by example

B．by process

C．by comparison

D．by contrast

小題4:Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?

A．A medical team.	B．An exchange program.
C．A water plant.	D．Financial support.

小題5:What can we infer about international aid from the passage?

A．It is facing difficulties

B．It is unnecessary during normal times

C．It should be given in the form of materials

D．It has gained support developed countries

Answer 1

小題1:C
小題2:C
小題3:A
小題4:D
小題5:A

【文章大意】災(zāi)難在全球是不可避免的。國(guó)際援助雪中送炭。然而援助要落到實(shí)處，著實(shí)要有些高效的措施。災(zāi)難區(qū)要直接受惠于援助，聯(lián)合國(guó)為此做出了努力。比如，建立一個(gè)正直無(wú)私心救援物質(zhì)的管理團(tuán)隊(duì)。當(dāng)然，本文作者認(rèn)為高效的援助不在于物質(zhì)，而是平日里技術(shù)知識(shí)的共享——打造堅(jiān)強(qiáng)友誼，互派國(guó)際交換生！
小題1:細(xì)節(jié)理解題 從文章第一段最后一句Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.可以得知，救援物質(zhì)要快速地分配到災(zāi)區(qū)，聯(lián)合國(guó)可以在各國(guó)組建一支特別團(tuán)隊(duì)，專(zhuān)門(mén)實(shí)施這項(xiàng)工作。
小題2:語(yǔ)意理解題 “Give me a fish and I eat for day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.”相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)“授人以魚(yú)不如授人以漁�！�，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“漁”（技術(shù)）。后文舉例可以得到印證：“For example, a country could share its technology with another.”（一個(gè)國(guó)家可以與另一國(guó)共享技術(shù)資源）“…like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites.”（比如農(nóng)業(yè)，或像醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生保健甚至衛(wèi)星的制造等復(fù)雜領(lǐng)域。）等。
小題3:段落結(jié)構(gòu)題第二段段首句More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. 和段尾句Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.闡述中心：加強(qiáng)平日技術(shù)知識(shí)交流。段中的多次使用for example，like等詞語(yǔ)。所以主要使用例證法來(lái)展開(kāi)論述。
小題4:語(yǔ)意推斷題 救援災(zāi)區(qū)的主要是各地的捐款和物質(zhì)，如果falls into the wrong hands，那可能造成救援錢(qián)物被貪污或挪作他用。D選項(xiàng)符合此意。
小題5:大意理解題 文章首段首句提出問(wèn)題：When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. 第二段首句More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times.以及第三段首句Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills.分別闡述解決international aid尷尬的有效辦法。