第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將

該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

（請將答案涂在答題卡上E=AB F=AC G=AD）

Facing the Enemies Within

We are not born with courage, but neither are we born with fear. Fears, even the most basic ones, can totally destroy our ambitions. Fear can destroy fortunes. Fear can destroy relationships. Fear, if left unchecked, can destroy our lives. Fear is one of the many enemies living inside us.

1.The first enemy we face is indecision(優(yōu)柔寡斷). Indecision is the thief of opportunity.2.Take a sword to this enemy.

The second enemy inside is doubt.3. But you also can’t let doubt take over. Many people doubt the past, doubt the future, doubt each other, doubt the government, doubt the possibilities and doubt the opportunities. Worst of all, they doubt themselves. I’m telling you, doubt will destroy your life and your chances of success. It will empty both your bank account and your heart. _4.

Do battle with the enemy. Do battle with your fears.5. Be courageous in your life and in your pursuit of the things you want and the person you want to become.

A. Sure, there’s room for healthy doubt. You can’t believe everything

B. Build your courage to fight what’s holding you back, what’s keeping you from your goals and dreams.

C. Let me tell you about two of the other enemies we face from within.

D. Below are the ways which might be useful for us to overcome our fears.

E. Doubt is an enemy. Go after it. Get rid of it.

F. It will steal your chances for a better future.

G. Some people doubt everything.

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What’s on Your Pet’s Mind?

In 1977, Irene Pepperberg of Harvard University began studying what was on another creature’s mind by talking to it. Her first experiments began with Alex. Alex was a one-year-old African grey parrot and Irene taught him to produce the sounds of the English language. “I thought if he learned to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world.”

At the time, most scientists didn’t believe animals had any thoughts. They thought animals were more like robots but didn’t have the ability to think or feel. Of course, if you own a pet you probably disagree. But it is the job of a scientist to prove this and nowadays more scientists accept that animals can think for themselves.

“That’s why I started my studies with Alex,” Irene said, “Some people actually called me crazy for trying this.”

Nowadays, we have more and more evidence that animals have all sorts of mental abilities. Sheep can recognize faces. Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use a variety of tools and even use weapons to hunt. And Alex the parrot became a very good talker.

Thirty years after the Alex studies began. Irene was still giving him English lessons up until his recent death. For example, if Alex was hungry he could say “want grape”. Alex could count to six and was learning the sounds for seven and eight. “He has to hear the words over and over before he can correctly say them.” Irene said, after pronouncing “seven” for Alex a few times in a row. Alex could also tell the difference between colors, shapes, sizes, and materials (e.g. wood and metal). Before he finally died, Alex managed to say “seven”.

Another famous pet that proved some animals have greater mental skills was a dog called Rico. He appeared on a German TV game show in 2011. Rico knew the names of 200 different toys and easily learned the names of new ones. When Rico became famous, many other dog owners wanted to show how clever their pets were. Another dog called Betsy could understand 300 words.

One theory for dogs’ ability to learn a language is that they have been close companions to humans for many centuries and so their ability to understand us is constantly evolving (進化). While animals can’t do what humans do yet, some scientists believe that examples like Alex and Rico prove that evolution develops intelligence, as well as physical appearance.

1.Irene wanted to find out __________.

A. what a parrot thinks

B. why a parrot can speak

C. how parrots make sounds

D. if parrots speak English

2.Alex learnt new words by __________.

A. singing them

B. reading them

C. writing them

D. rehearing them

3.The two dogs mentioned in the article could _______.

A. understand some words

B. recognize strange voices

C. copy human gestures

D. tell different colors

4.The article concludes that ___________.

A. our pets understand what we say

B. dogs may speak to humans one day

C. humans are related to chimpanzees

D. mental ability can evolve in animals

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學年北京市海淀區(qū)高三一模英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

What’s on Your Pet’s Mind? In 1977, Irene Pepperberg of Harvard University began studying what was on another creature’s mind by talking to it．Her first experiments began with Alex．Alex was a one year old African grey parrot and Irene taught him to produce the sounds of the English language．“I thought if he learned to communicate, I could ask him questions about how he sees the world.”

At the time, most scientists didn’t believe animals had any thoughts．They thought animals were more like robots but didn’t have the ability to think or feel．Of course, if you own a pet you probably disagree．But it is the job of a scientist to prove this and nowadays more scientists accept that animals can think for themselves．

“That’s why I started my studies with Alex,” Irene said, “Some people actually called me crazy for trying this.”

Nowadays, we have more and more evidence that animals have all sorts of mental abilities．Sheep can recognize faces．Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use a variety of tools and even use weapons to hunt．And Alex the parrot became a very good talker.

Thirty years after the Alex studies began．Irene was still giving him English lessons up until his recent death．For example, if Alex was hungry he could say “want grape”．Alex could count to six and was learning the sounds for seven and eight．“He has to hear the words over and over before he can correctly say them.” Irene said, after pronouncing “seven” for Alex a few times in a row．Alex could also tell the difference between colors, shapes, sizes, and materials (e.g．wood and metal)．Before he finally died, Alex managed to say “seven”.

Another famous pet that proved some animals have greater mental skills was a dog called Rico．He appeared on a German TV game show in 2011．Rico knew the names of 200 different toys and easily learned the names of new ones．When Rico became famous, many other dog owners wanted to show how clever their pets were．Another dog called Betsy could understand 300 words.

One theory for dogs’ ability to learn a language is that they have ben close companions to humans for many centuries and so their ability to understand us is constantly evolving (進化)．While animals can’t do what humans do yet, some scientists believe that examples like Alex and Rico prove that evolution develops intelligence, as well as physical appearance.

1.Irene wanted to find out __________.

A．what a parrot thinks

B．why a parrot can speak

C．how parrots make sounds

D．if parrots speak English

2.Alex learnt new words by __________.

A．singing them

B．reading them

C．writing them

D．rehearing them

3.The two dogs mentioned in the article could _______.

A．understand some words

B．recognize strange voices

C．copy human gestures

D．tell different colors

4.The article concludes that ___________.

A．our pets understand what we say

B．dogs may speak to humans one day

C．humans are related to chimpanzees

D．mental ability can evolve in animals

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Many people turn to doctors or self-help books, but they ignore(忽視) a powerful thing that could help them fight illness: their friends.

Researchers are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship in health. A 10-year Australian study found that old people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends. A large 2007 study showed an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk(風險) for obesity (肥胖) among people whose friends gained weight. And last year, Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties could improve brain health as we age.

“In general, the role (作用) of friendship in our lives isn’t well realized,” said Rebecca, a professor at the University of North Carolina. “Friendship has a bigger effect on our psychological (心理的) health than family relationships.”

While(盡管) many friendship studies are about the close relationships of women, some research shows that men can benefit, too. In a six-year study of 736 middle-aged men, having friendships reduces the risk of heart attack. Only smoking was as important a risk factor (因素) as having little social support.

Exactly why friendship has such a big effect isn’t entirely(完全) clear. While friends can send a sick person to the hospital or pick up medicine, the benefits go well beyond physical assistance. Friendship clearly has a big psychological effect. “People with stronger friendships feel like there is someone they can turn to,” said Karen, a doctor. “The message of these studies is that friends make your life better.”

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B. friends can help us lose weight

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D. more friends make us healthier

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B. What people need most is a friend’s care.

C. Friendship is more important than family relationship.

D. The value of friendship hasn’t been fully understood.

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C. Having good friends leads to a healthier life

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Though China’s GDP growth marked the slowest since 2009. It was still within the reasonable range set by policy-makers and market expectation.

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D

Mars was the first planet that humans attempted to get to. Since the 1960’s, scientists have been working to learn more information about the Mars’ past, We now know that Mars was once a warm, wet place with great oceans and deep rivers. We also know that about 3.7 billion years ago, all that water disappeared when the planet lost its air. But why did the atmosphere on Mars change so greatly?

NASA had launched the MAVEN spacecraft in the hope of answering that very question. MAVEN will study the remains of Mars’ air and help scientists figure out what became of the rest of it．

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Once it arrived at Mars, MAVEN will have plenty of company. The spacecraft Curiosity is still walking around the planet’s rocky surface, studying the geology, chemistry and possible biology there. NASA currently has a number of spacecrafts getting unique views of Mars with powerful cameras and telescopes. These missions are all slow, steady steps forward to discover Mars secret past. While the results may not be revealed for some time, an exciting exploration is on the way.

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A．a(chǎn)ll the scientists wanted to live on Mars

B．people have had a better knowledge of Mars nowadays

C．spaceships have been sent up to Mars since 1960s

D．a(chǎn)ll the water on Mars has been gone for ten billion years

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A．a(chǎn)nalyzing the change of the atmosphere on Mars

B．a(chǎn)ssisting Curiosity in studying the surface of Mars.

C. analyzing what is contained in Mars’ air

D．checking whether water still exists on Mars

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A．many different tasks will be given to MAVEN when it lands on Mars

B．many spacecrafts are working around Mars to study its water

C．more wonderful things about Mars will be found in the future

D．more spacecraft will be sent up to help Curiosity

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A．A new finding on Mars

B．A new spacecraft sent to Mars

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Blood donation, also called blood banking, is a wonderful thing to do. It is an easy and direct way to contribute to social work and help the community. It helps to save lives and helps those who are in need of blood due to bad condition or the heavy loss of blood during operations or in accidents.

You are able to give or donate blood every three or four month, and it is a great way to make a huge difference to someone’s life and you can always be proud of it after making valuable contributions to society. Blood donation is not a big problem, but you need to keep a few points in mind.

Before donating blood, make sure that the ferrum (鐵) level in your body is high enough and for that you should take a healthy diet. Do not go for blood donation on an empty stomach. You should follow the correct process so that everything goes well. After having a balanced diet you will feel strong and comfortable to donate blood. Afterwards, you will not feel faint or weak.

For required hemoglobin (血紅蛋白) in your body, drink lots of juice and other drinks. Fruit juice, such as apple juice is very good for increasing the blood level in your body. For a good blood flow in your body, drink at least 6-7 glasses of water every day. Completely avoid a day before and after giving blood, taking alcohol (酒). Do not smoke half an hour before giving blood.

When you are going for blood donation, be relaxed, which helps keep the right blood pressure. During the blood donation activity, take a deep breath and try to calm yourself. Don’t join in some other activities.

When you donate blood, you are making the effort to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very simple and fast process, but you need to take care of yourself after donating blood. Proper care helps to reduce side effects. The following are a few tips that will help you out.

Take a rest for 15 minutes after the donation. It helps you to feel relaxed.

Eat something and drink juice before leaving the blood donation centre. Make sure that you have meals after donating blood. Smoking should be avoided for one hour after the process. Avoid some activities right away, for example, driving.

Finally, be proud of yourself because you have done a great thing in helping to save someone’s life. Blood donation is a very important activity.

Title

Blood donation—an important activity

The1.of blood do-nation

Making 2.to social work and the community.

Helping those people who suffer the 3.of blood.

Gibing yourself a sense of 4.

5.the donation

Take a healthy diet for a high ferrum level

Drink fruit juice for enough hemoglobin

Drink at least 6-7 glasses of water 6.for a good flow of blood

Don’t 7.alcohol，caffeine，etc or smoke cigarettes

During the donation

Relax and take a 8.breath

Never involve yourself in other activities

After the donation

Take a rest

Have meals

Don’t smoke until one hour 9.

Never take part in some activities immediately like 10.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2014-2015學年重慶市高三12月月考英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

The moral view of violence, labeling it as bad and wrong, has done little to end it. The alternative view is to release our judgments and see violence for what it is: a form of suffering. This is a difficult change for many people. Not only are they in the habit of making knee-jerk(下意識的) judgments, but violent people cause harm, and therefore their suffering seems to deserve less sympathy.

You hurt me, so why should I have sympathy for you? It should be the other way around. Does it take a saint(圣人) to make the change from strong anger to sympathy?

Turning points arrive when we can make a choice not to suffer in silence. We then strike a soul bargain that is fearful but necessary. The bargain is that redemption(解救) is possible through love. The absence of love is absolutely the problem, and love is absolutely the solution. We don’t have to reach into another area to locate the magic power of love that is available to us here and now.

The problem is that love comes through a fallible human being. The rule is constant work on the spiritual path to clear away the obstacles that prevent love from coming through us. The work is much more like working on blocked pipe system than it is like copying a saint.

Hope is the emotion that keeps this dogged work even when results seem to be slow or impossible. Can I love the terrorist who harms my country? Can I love the criminal who wants to harm me? At the level of the soul I already do, and the spiritual path is a means to arrive at that level.

No one is required to leap into sudden sympathy for terrorists, or even to announce publicly that our enemies deserve love. But in our souls each of us harbors the knowledge that only love is going to bring violence to an end. No matter how you and I live our outward lives, our spiritual lives must remain devoted to that vision.

1.Which one is NOT true for moral view of violence?

A. It thinks violence is bad and wrong.

B. It plays an important role in ending violence.

C. It is a knee-jerk judgment of people.

D. It thinks violent people deserve less sympathy.

2.Why should violent people deserve sympathy?

A. Because we should perform like a saint.

B. Because love is absolutely the solution.

C. Because our spiritual lives must remain devoted to that vision.

D. Because they are first in suffering then choose violence, so they need love.

3.What's the meaning "The problem is that love comes through a fallible human being"?

A. Human being is full of love.

B. It is difficult and long way.

C. Human being is easy to make friends.

D. It's a problem to get love from an imperfect huan being.

4.Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. Violence Is Harmful to Us

B. Love Can End Violence

C. Change Our View of Violence

D. Our Soul Needs Purifying

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