B
Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patient–to
speed recovery or to cover the coming of death? In
medicine as in law, government, and other lines of
work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed
(變矮小)by greater needs: the need to protect from
brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to advance
the public interest.
What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctor reject that he is ill, or minimize fee gravity of the illness? Should they at least hide the truth until after the family vacation?
Doctors face such choices often.At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.
Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill patients do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate (惡化) faster, perhaps even commit suicide(自殺).
But other studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians; a great majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about serious illness, and feel cheated when they learn that they have been misled.We are also learning that truthful information, humanly conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: help them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after operation.
There is urgent need to debate this issue openly.Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception (欺騙).Yet the public has every reason to know professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to trust.Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt you."
60.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Whether patients really want to know the truth of their condition.
B.Whether patients should be told the truth of their illness.
C.Whether different studies should be carried on.
D.Whether doctors are honesty with their patients.
61.For the case mentioned in paragraph 2, most doctors will ____.
A.tell the patient the truth as soon as possible
B.choose to lie to him about his condition at that moment
C.tell him to shorten the family vacation
D.a(chǎn)dvise him to cancel the family vacation
62.Which of the following is TRUE?
A.Sometimes government tells lies because they need to meet the public interest.
B.Doctors believe if they lie, those seriously-ill patients will recover more quickly.
C.Truthful information helps patients deal with their illness in some cases.
D.Many patients don't want to know the truth, especially about serious illness.
63.From the passage, we can learn that the author's attitude to professional deception is ____.
A.supportive B.indifferent C.opposed D.neutral
63.From the passage, we can learn that the author’s attitude to professional deception is .
A.supportive B.indifferent C.opposed D.neutral
科目:高中英語 來源:浙江省2010屆高三考前適應性考試試卷(英語) 題型:閱讀理解
Dye (染料) call bring a little colour to life. Most clothing is coloured with dyes. Modern,manufactured dyes can be costly. Natural dyes from plant and animal products have been used since ancient times. Here we describe a natural way to dye wool.
There are several methods to put dye onto material. The vat(缸)method,for example,can be used to dye wool with onionskins. For this example,use one hundred grams of natural woo1. The wool must be clean. Leave it overnight in water and liquid soap. Then wash it with clean water that is a little warm. Gently squeeze out the extra water.
A solution called a mordant (媒染) is used in the dying process. A mordant helps fix the dye to the material. Traditionally, mordants were found in nature. Wood ash is one example. But chemical mordants such as alum(礬)are popular today. Alum is sold in many stores. It is often mixed with cream of tartar, a fine powder commonly used in cooking.
Mix eight grams of alum with seven grams of cream of tartar in a small amount of hot water. Add the solution to a metal pan of cool water. Next, add the wool and place the mixture over heat. Slowly bring the liquid to eighty-two degrees Celsius. Heat the mixture for forty five minutes. After it cools, remove the wool and wash it.
To prepare the dye solution, cover thirty grams of onionskins with water. Use only the dry,brown outer skins. Boil the liquid until the onionskins lose their colour, about forty—five minutes. Remove the skins after the dye cools.
Now it is time to dye the wool. Place the wool into the dye and heat the mixture. Bring it to a boil,then immediately reduce the heat to eighty-two degrees. Now heat the dye for about forty-five minutes or until the wool is the desired colour. Keep in mind that wet wool looks darker than it is.
Once the dye cools, remove the wool and wash it. Now the wool is orange or yellow. Or at least it should be.
1. According to the passage, mordants are ___________.
A. dyes used in the dying process B. materials which will be put dye to
C. wood ashes used in the dying process D. not dyes but play an important role in the dying process
2. Which of the following statements about “natural dyes” is TRUE?
A. They might be cheaper than chemical dyes. B. They are more expensive than chemical dyes.
C. They have been used for only recent years. D. They are all made from animal products.
3. As for the vat method,which of the following things is NOT necessarily needed?
A. Ash. B. Water. C. Mordant. D. Temperature.
4. Choose the proper order of dying wool:
a. boil the liquid with onionskins
b. add mordants to a metal pan of cool water ,put the wool into it and heat the mixture
c. wash the wool with clean water after it is left overnight in water and liquid soap
d. put the wool into the dye and heat it
A. c, b, a, d B. d, c, d, a C. b, a, d, c D. a, b, c, d
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科目:高中英語 來源:撫順市六校聯(lián)合體2009-2010學年度“二!笨荚囉⒄Z試題 題型:完形填空
閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑.
“Down-to-earth” means someone or something that is honest, practical and easy to deal with. It is 36 to find someone who is down-to-earth. A person who is down-to-earth is easy to talk to and 37 other people as equals. A down-to-earth person is just the 38 of someone who acts important and proud.
Down-to-earth persons 39 be important members of society, of course. 40 they do not let their importance “go to their heads”. They do not 41 themselves to be better persons than others of less importance. Someone who is filled with his own importance and pride, often without cause, is 42 to have “his nose in the air”. There is 43 way a person with his nose in the air can be down-to-earth.
Americans 44 another expression that means almost the same as “down-to-earth”. The expression is “both-feet-on-the-ground”. Someone with both-feet-on-the-ground is a person with a good 45 of reality. He 46 what is called “common sense”. He may have 47 , but he does not allow them to 48 his knowledge of what is real.
The opposite kind of 49 is one who has his “head-in-the-clouds”. A man with his-head-in-the-clouds is a dreamer whose 50 is not in the real world.
51 , such a dreamer can be brought back to earth. 52 words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth..
Usually, the person who is down-to-earth is very 53 to have both feet on-the –ground. 54 we have both our feet on-the –ground, when we are down-to-earth, we act honestly and openly 55 others. Our lives are like the ground below us, solid and strong.
36. A.pleasant B.sad C.common D.surprising
37. A.meets B.welcomes C.receives D.accepts
38. A.case B.kind C.opposite D.example
39. A.must B.may C.should D.will
40. A.But B.So C.For D.And
41. A.wish B.expect C.desire D.consider
42. A.said B.told C.asked D.made
43. A.some B.a C.no D.every
44. A.discover B.find C.make D.use
45.A.understanding B.wish C.reason D.expectation
46. A.demands B.lacks C.has D.likes
47. A.fortunes B.dreams C.achievements D.disadvantages
48. A.block B.protect C.own D.gain
49. A.idea B.people C.attitude D.person
50. A.mind B.life C.body D.head
51. A.Always B.Therefore C.However D.Sometimes
52. A.Sharp B.All C.No D.Bad
53. A.possible B.probable C.likely D.able
54. A.Though B.Since C.When D.Unless
55.A.toward B.for C.over D.onto
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科目:高中英語 來源:廣西柳州鐵一中學2009-2010學年度高二下學期期中考(英語) 題型:單項填空
What do you mean by saying there are only ten tickets? There be twelve.
A.can |
B.may |
C.should |
D.shall |
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科目:高中英語 來源:2010-2011學年廣東省六校高三第一次聯(lián)考英語卷 題型:閱讀理解
At a primary school in a small town in the east of South Carolina, second-grade teachers Garneau and Lynne are convinced that separating elementary-age boys and girls produces immediate academic improvement in both genders(性別).
David Chadwell, South Carolina’s coordinator of single gender education says, “Boys and girls learn, hear and respond to their surroundings differently. We can teach boys and girls based on what we now know.”
Male and female eyes are not organized in the same way, he explains. The composition of the male eye makes it sensitive to motion and direction. “Boys interpret the world as objects moving through space,” he says.
The male eye is also drawn to cooler colors like silver and black. It’s no accident boys tend to create pictures of moving objects instead of drawing the happy colorful family, like girls do in their class.
The female eye, on the other hand, is drawn to warmer colors like red, yellow and orange. To attract girls, Chadwell says, the teacher doesn’t need to move as much as in boy’s class. Using descriptive phrases and lots of colors in presentations or on the blackboard gets their attention.
Boys and girls also hear differently. “When someone speaks in a loud tone, girls interpret it as yelling,” Chadwell says. “They think you’re mad and can shut down.” Girls are more sensitive to sounds. He advises girls’ teachers to watch the tone of their voices. Boys’ teachers should sound more forceful, even excited.
A boy’s nervous system causes him to be more cautious when he is standing, moving, and the room temperature is around 69 degrees Fahrenheit. Stress in boys, he says, tends to increase blood flow to their brains, a process that helps them stay focused. Girls are more focused when seated in a warmer room around 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Girls also respond to stress differently. When exposed to threat and conflict, blood goes to their guts(腸道), leaving them feeling nervous or anxious.
These differences can be applied in the classroom, Chadwell adds. “Single gender programs are about maximizing the learning.”
1.What is David Chadwell’s attitude toward separating elementary-age boys and girls while learning?
A. Supportive B. Worried C. Concerned D. Uninterested
2. To engage boy in a class, the teacher ______.
A. must have a moving object in this hand B. needs to wear clothes in warm color
C. has to speak politely D. had better move constantly while teaching
3.Which of the following shows the organization of the passage?
(= Paragraph 1 = Paragraph 2 = Paragraph 3 ….. = Paragraph 8)
C. D.
4.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Ways of teaching boys and ways of teaching girls
B. Boys and girls should be separated
C. How boys and girls learn differently
D. How to teach more effectively
5.Which of the following students is most likely to be focused?
A. A boy sitting in a warm room B. A standing boy who is faced with stress
C. A girl standing in a cold room D. A girl who is facing a lot of pressure
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科目:高中英語 來源:2010-2011學年四川省南充市高三第二次診斷性考試英語卷 題型:單項填空
—Are you going to the concert?
—I’m not sure. I stay inside and watch it live on TV instead.
A.can B.might
C.should D.must
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