Question

2．When an emergency situation occurs，observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses．This phenomenon is referred to as the bystander effect．
The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect，which is named after Catherine"Kitty"Genovese，a young woman who was cruelly murdered on March 13，1964．Early in the morning，28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work．As she approached her apartment entrance，she was attacked and stabbed （刺） by a man later identified as Winston Moseley．Despite Genovese's repeated cries for help，none of the dozen or so people in the nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police for help．The attack first began at 3：20，but it was not until 3：50 that someone first contacted police．
Many psychologists were set thinking by the incident，as well as most Americans．As the conclusion，the bystander effect came out and later proved by a series of studies and experiments．
There are two major factors that contribute to the bystander effect．First，the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility．Because there are other observers，individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action，since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those present．The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate．
Other researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to take action if the situation is ambiguous．In the case of Kitty Genovese，many of the 38 witnesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a"lovers'quarrel"，and did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．
61．The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect becauseBa woman surnamed Genovese．
A．it somehow caused the murder of    
B．its discovery resulted from the murder of
C．it was actually discovered by                   
D．it always makes people think of
62．Genovese was murderedD
A．while she was going out                                 
B．in her apartment
C．halfway home                                               
D．near her apartment
63．Which can NOT have been a possible reason for the neighbors NOT offering Genovese help？A
A．They believed in the bystander effect．
B．They thought someone else might help her．
C．They didn't think they should help．
D．They didn't think she needed help．
64．Before deciding to offer help，observers mayC，according to the psychol
ists．
A．wait for sort of a signal                          
B．hesitate and estimate the risk of getting hurt
C．want to be sure it's appropriate to react     
D．wonder if the victim is worth helping
65．The article seems to suggest that，if there had beenBobservers，Genovese might not have been murdered．
A．no                           
B．fewer                       
C．more                     
D．braver．

Answer 1

分析 文章提到旁觀者效應(yīng)這個詞的由來，并介紹了該事件發(fā)生的可能原因．

解答 BDACB
61．B 細(xì)節(jié)題．在第二段開頭The bystander effect is also called the Genovese effect，which is named after Catherine"Kitty"Genovese，a young woman who was cruelly murdered提到The bystander effect 這種現(xiàn)象源自于Genovese的被謀殺，故答案為B．
62．D細(xì)節(jié)題．在第二段As she approached her apartment entrance，she was attacked and stabbed 這句話告訴我們Genoves快到公寓時，被襲擊謀殺，故答案為D．
63．A判斷推理題．在第四段分析了旁觀者沒有施救的原因，如：the presence of other people creates a division of responsibility；the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways．；did not realize that the young woman was actually being murdered．即旁觀者認(rèn)為別人會去營救，或者認(rèn)為她不需要幫助等，只有A沒有提到，故答案為A．
64．C 細(xì)節(jié)題．最后一段When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate表明旁觀者會考慮幫助是不是有必要或者合不合適，所以心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為在出手幫忙之前，旁觀者會確定是否有必要或合時宜，故答案為C．
65．B推理判斷題．通過最后一段段分析可知，旁觀者沒有救Genovese可能存在的幾個原因，即64題分析，從而推出，如果當(dāng)初旁觀者比較少，可能就有人去救Genovese了，故答案為B．

點評 考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力．做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．