It began as a game: high school and college students studying computer technology figured out they could use personal computers to break into telephone company computers and make free, long-distance telephone calls. These young computer gifts soon gained the nickname "hackers （黑客）".

Police arrested a few hackers, but many went on to even more complex hacking. One hacker was arrested for making illegal telephone calls and later used a prison phone to change a police officer's credit records to get back at （報(bào)復(fù)） the officer for arresting him. The hacker also used a computer to change his college records to give himself better grades.

As hackers gained experience, they began invading computers at banks, airlines and other businesses. In one plan, a hacker instructed an airline's computer to give him free airplane tickets.

The U.S. government is worried hackers may break into its complex networks of defense computers. The government's classified secrets are vulnerable （脆弱的） because thousands of government computers are connected by telephone lines that hackers can tap into.

In November 1988, a college student tapped into a non-classified U.S. Defense Department computer network called Arpanet. The hacker injected （輸入，注入） a computer program that left copies of itself throughout Arpanet. Some hackers use each "virus " to destroy all the data in a computer. But in this case, government officials shut down the network before the program reached every computer in the system. Shutting down the system angered many researchers who were using the computers. The hacker turned himself in （自首） to police and told them how to get his program out of the computer system. He was charged with a crime.

The incident attracted computer hacking in the United States. Many companies have hired experts to protect their computers from hackers, and many computer experts now advise companies on how to protect their computers.

The U.S. government believes foreign governments have hired hackers to try to break into top-secret defense computers. It fears a hacker could inject a virus into military computers that would clean up all the data during a war.

Experts disagree over whether a computer network can ever be safe from hacking. But in the future, some of the most brilliant minds in the U.S. will be working to ruin the efforts of computer hackers and spies.

71．The main idea of the article is that _______________．

       A．computer hackers only want to make free long-distance phone calls

       B．the government wants to hire computer hackers to spy on the Russians

       C．computer hackers are a danger to private companies and government secrets

       D．many companies have hired experts to protect their computers from hackers carrying viruses

72．A computer "virus" is like a human virus because it _______________．

       A．makes a computer cough and throw up

       B．spreads from one computer to another

       C．can clean up a person's doctor bills

       D．requires regular visits to a doctor

73．A hacker can be dangerous because ________________．

       A．he knows how to make free long-distance telephone calls

       B．information is stored in computers, and a hacker knows how to destroy the information

       C．once in prison, he can use a telephone to operate his computer

       D．a(chǎn) hacker who steals a free airplane ticket might take a doctor of that seat on the airplane

74．U.S．government computers are vulnerable to a hacker because _____________．

       A．the government always pays its telephone bills on time

       B．the Russians know what's in the U.S．computers

       C．viruses attack only government computers

       D．many government computers are connected by telephone lines

75．In the future ________________．

       A．some most brilliant minds in America will be working to stop computer hackers and spies

       B．hackers will begin invading computers at banks, airlines and other businesses

       C．many computer hackers will be arrested for making free telephone calls

       D．some computer hackers will turn themselves in to the police

【小題1】C

【小題2】B

【小題3】B

【小題4】D

【小題5】A

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

In 1883, an imaginative engineer named John Roebling decided to build a spectacular bridge connecting New York with Long Island. However, bridge building experts throughout the world thought that this was a pipe dream. It was not practical. It had never been done before.

But Roebling refused to listen to them. He thought about the bridge day and night and he knew deep in his heart that it could be done. After much discussion and persuasion he convinced his son Washington, who was a promising engineer himself, that the bridge in fact could be built.

Working together for the first time, the father and son developed concepts of how it could be accomplished. With great excitement, they hired their crew and began to build their dream bridge.

The project started well, but several months after it began, a tragic accident on the site took the life of John Roebling. Washington was so seriously injured that he was never able to walk, talk or even move again.

"We told them so", "Crazy men and their crazy dreams", "It's foolish to chase wild visions", the critics said and most thought the project should be scrapped since the Roeblings were the only ones who knew how the bridge could be built. In spite of his handicap Washington still had a burning desire to complete the bridge and his mind was still as sharp as ever.

Washington's wife tried to inspire and pass on her husband's enthusiasm to some of his friends, but they were too daunted by the task. As he lay in his hospital room, an idea suddenly hit him. All he could do was move one finger and he decided to make the best use of it. By moving this finger and tapping it on his wife's arm, he slowly developed a code to communicate with her. Then he used this method to tell his wife what the engineers should do. It seemed crazy but the project was under way again. For 13 years Washington tapped out his instructions with his finger on his wife's arm, until the bridge was finally completed.

Today the spectacular Brooklyn Bridge stands in all its glory as a tribute to the triumph of one man's spirit and his determination not to be defeated by circumstances.

_ What did most people think about Roebling's idea to build the bridge?

A. It would never become a reality.                    B. Washington was not experienced enough.

C. It would take a lot of time.                            D. Finding the money would be impossible. 

_The underlined word `daunted' (para. 6) is closest in meaning to '______'.

  A. unpleasant    B. scared    C. amazed    D. determined

_ Which of the following shows the correct order of the events that happened in the story?

   a. Roebling convinced his son.

   b. Washington found a new way to communicate.

   c. They hired the crew.

d. The bridge was completed.

   e. Roebling wanted to build a bridge.

   f. There was a tragic accident.

A. e, a, c, f, d, b     B. e, a, f, b, c, d    C. e, f, a, b, c, d    D. e, a, c, f, b, d　　

_ What can we learn about Washington's wife?

A. She knew sign language very well.

B. She was devoted to her husband.

C. She developed a code to communicate with her husband.

D. She helped her husband design the plan.

_ What does the story tell us?

  A. Success will come with the passing of time.

  B. Struggles are exactly what we need in our lives.

  C. Even the most distant dream can be realised with a never-say-die attitude.

  D. The people who make a difference in our life should be remembered forever.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2010--2011學(xué)年度廣東省佛山一中高一下學(xué)期第一次段考英語卷 題型：閱讀理解

In 1883, an imaginative engineer named John Roebling decided to build a spectacular bridge connecting New York with Long Island. However, bridge building experts throughout the world thought that this was a pipe dream. It was not practical. It had never been done before.
But Roebling refused to listen to them. He thought about the bridge day and night and he knew deep in his heart that it could be done. After much discussion and persuasion he convinced his son Washington, who was a promising engineer himself, that the bridge in fact could be built.
Working together for the first time, the father and son developed concepts of how it could be accomplished. With great excitement, they hired their crew and began to build their dream bridge.
The project started well, but several months after it began, a tragic accident on the site took the life of John Roebling. Washington was so seriously injured that he was never able to walk, talk or even move again.
"We told them so", "Crazy men and their crazy dreams", "It's foolish to chase wild visions", the critics said and most thought the project should be scrapped since the Roeblings were the only ones who knew how the bridge could be built. In spite of his handicap Washington still had a burning desire to complete the bridge and his mind was still as sharp as ever.
Washington's wife tried to inspire and pass on her husband's enthusiasm to some of his friends, but they were too daunted by the task. As he lay in his hospital room, an idea suddenly hit him. All he could do was move one finger and he decided to make the best use of it. By moving this finger and tapping it on his wife's arm, he slowly developed a code to communicate with her. Then he used this method to tell his wife what the engineers should do. It seemed crazy but the project was under way again. For 13 years Washington tapped out his instructions with his finger on his wife's arm, until the bridge was finally completed.
Today the spectacular Brooklyn Bridge stands in all its glory as a tribute to the triumph of one man's spirit and his determination not to be defeated by circumstances.
【小題1】_ What did most people think about Roebling's idea to build the bridge?

A．It would never become a reality.B．Washington was not experienced enough.
C．It would take a lot of time.D．Finding the money would be impossible.
【小題2】_The underlined word `daunted' (para. 6) is closest in meaning to '______'.
A．unpleasantB．scaredC．a(chǎn)mazedD．determined
【小題3】_ Which of the following shows the correct order of the events that happened in the story?
a. Roebling convinced his son.
b. Washington found a new way to communicate.
c. They hired the crew.
d. The bridge was completed.
e. Roebling wanted to build a bridge.
f. There was a tragic accident.
A．e, a, c, f, d, bB．e, a, f, b, c, dC．e, f, a, b, c, dD．e, a, c, f, b, d
【小題4】_ What can we learn about Washington's wife?
A．She knew sign language very well.
B．She was devoted to her husband.
C．She developed a code to communicate with her husband.
D．She helped her husband design the plan.
【小題5】_ What does the story tell us?
A．Success will come with the passing of time.
B．Struggles are exactly what we need in our lives.
C．Even the most distant dream can be realised with a never-say-die attitude.
D．The people who make a difference in our life should be remembered forever.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2012年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語試卷（江蘇卷帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

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“Happiness Advantage” Effect
In July 2010 Burt’s Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through enormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyone’s anxiety level, which activates the part of the brain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex ( 大腦皮層), which is responsible for effective problem solving.
Burt’s Bees’s then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he’d send out an e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing. He’d interrupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company’s values. He asked me to further a three-hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgang’s emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.
That outcome shouldn’t surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set (思維模式), performance on nearly every level—productivity, creativity, involvement— improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. “Once I get a promotion, I’ll be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit my sales target, I’ll feel great. ”But because success is a moving target—as soon as you hit your target, you raise it again—the happiness that results from success does not last long.
In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the “ happiness advantage”—every business outcome shows improvement when the brain is positive. I’ve observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And I’m not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.
Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But one’s general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The habits you form, the way you interact with colleagues, how you think about stress—all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.

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科目：高中英語 來源：20102011學(xué)年度廣東省高一下學(xué)期第一次段考英語卷 題型：閱讀理解

In 1883, an imaginative engineer named John Roebling decided to build a spectacular bridge connecting New York with Long Island. However, bridge building experts throughout the world thought that this was a pipe dream. It was not practical. It had never been done before.

But Roebling refused to listen to them. He thought about the bridge day and night and he knew deep in his heart that it could be done. After much discussion and persuasion he convinced his son Washington, who was a promising engineer himself, that the bridge in fact could be built.

Working together for the first time, the father and son developed concepts of how it could be accomplished. With great excitement, they hired their crew and began to build their dream bridge.

The project started well, but several months after it began, a tragic accident on the site took the life of John Roebling. Washington was so seriously injured that he was never able to walk, talk or even move again.

"We told them so", "Crazy men and their crazy dreams", "It's foolish to chase wild visions", the critics said and most thought the project should be scrapped since the Roeblings were the only ones who knew how the bridge could be built. In spite of his handicap Washington still had a burning desire to complete the bridge and his mind was still as sharp as ever.

Washington's wife tried to inspire and pass on her husband's enthusiasm to some of his friends, but they were too daunted by the task. As he lay in his hospital room, an idea suddenly hit him. All he could do was move one finger and he decided to make the best use of it. By moving this finger and tapping it on his wife's arm, he slowly developed a code to communicate with her. Then he used this method to tell his wife what the engineers should do. It seemed crazy but the project was under way again. For 13 years Washington tapped out his instructions with his finger on his wife's arm, until the bridge was finally completed.

Today the spectacular Brooklyn Bridge stands in all its glory as a tribute to the triumph of one man's spirit and his determination not to be defeated by circumstances.

1._ What did most people think about Roebling's idea to build the bridge?

A. It would never become a reality.          B. Washington was not experienced enough.

C. It would take a lot of time.              D. Finding the money would be impossible. 

2._The underlined word `daunted' (para. 6) is closest in meaning to '______'.

  A. unpleasant    B. scared    C. amazed    D. determined

3._ Which of the following shows the correct order of the events that happened in the story?

   a. Roebling convinced his son.

   b. Washington found a new way to communicate.

   c. They hired the crew.

d. The bridge was completed.

   e. Roebling wanted to build a bridge.

   f. There was a tragic accident.

A. e, a, c, f, d, b     B. e, a, f, b, c, d    C. e, f, a, b, c, d    D. e, a, c, f, b, d　　

4._ What can we learn about Washington's wife?

A. She knew sign language very well.

B. She was devoted to her husband.

C. She developed a code to communicate with her husband.

D. She helped her husband design the plan.

5._ What does the story tell us?

  A. Success will come with the passing of time.

  B. Struggles are exactly what we need in our lives.

  C. Even the most distant dream can be realised with a never-say-die attitude.

  D. The people who make a difference in our life should be remembered forever.

 

 

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

"Happiness Advantage" Effect

In July 2010 Burt's Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through big change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings. In doing so, managers lift everyone's anxiety level, which is responsible for effective problem solving.

Burt's Bees's then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, he'd send out an e-mail that praises team members for work related to global marketing. He'd remind his managers to talk with their teams about the company's values. He asked his managers to hold another three-hour meeting on happiness with employees in the course of the expansion effort. Wolfgang's emphasis on developing positive leadership kept his managers loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.

That outcome shouldn't surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set(思維模式), performance on nearly every level—productivity, creativity,—improves. People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the "happiness advantage"—every business outcome shows that it has been improved when the brain is positive. I've observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.

A common misunderstanding is that only our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have effects. But one's general sense of happiness is surprisingly unstable. The habits we form, the way we interact with colleagues, how we think about stress—all these can be managed to increase our happiness and our chances of success.

Title: "Happiness Advantage" Effect

I. Burt’s Bees ____76______to management and its effect

 ●Leaders bothering their assistants

 ●Assistants’ anxiety level ____77______

 ●Problems solved less ____78______

II. John Wolfgang’s different approach to management and its effect

●A daily e-mail ____79______ sent

●Managers reminded to talk about____80______

●A three-hour meeting ____81_____being held

●Positive leadership making managers ____82_____to the company

●Goals achieved

III. Research findings

●People performing better when ____83_____ positively

 ●Every business outcome showing____84_____ when the brain is positive

IV. Factors contributing to our happiness and chances of success

●_____85________

●Habits we form

●The way we interact with colleagues and we think about stress

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