It's really true what people say about English politeness: it's everywhere．When squeezing past someone in a narrow aisle, people say "sorry"．When getting off a bus, English passengers say "thank you" rather than the driver．In Germany, people would never dream of doing these things．
After all, squeezing past others sometimes can't be avoided．a(chǎn)nd the bus driver is merely doing his job．I used lo think the same way, without questioning it, until I started traveling to the British Isles and came to appreciate some more polite ways of communicating with people．
People thank each other everywhere in England, all the time．When people buy something in a shop, customer and retail assistant in most cases thank each other twice or more．In Germany, it would be exceptional to hear more than one thank you in such a conversation．British students thank their lecturers when leaving the room．English employers thank their employees for doing their jobs as opposed to Germans, who would normally think that paying their workers money is already enough．
Another thing I observed during my stay was that English people rarely criticize others．Even when I was working and mistakes were pointed out to me．my employers stressed several times but none of their explanations were intended as criticism．It has been my impression that by avoiding criticism, English people are making an effort to make others feel comfortable．This also is shown in other ways．British men still open doors for women, and British men are more likely to treat women to a meal than German men．However, 1 do need to point out here that this applies to English men a bit more than it would to Scottish men' Yes, the latter are a bit tightfisted．
小題1:What is the author's attitude towards English politeness?
A．He appreciates itB．He gives no personal opinion
C．He thinks it is artificialD．He thinks it goes too far．
小題2:What can we learn about customers and retail assistants in Germany?
A．It's always a retail assistant who says thank you．
B．A customer never says thank you to a retail assistant．
C．They always say thank you to each other．
D．They may say thank you only once．
小題3:We can learn from the last paragraph that Scottish men _____．
A．a(chǎn)re more likely to be involved in a fighting．
B．a(chǎn)re not so willing to spend money for women．
C．a(chǎn)re more polite than English men.
D．treat women in a polite way.
小題4:The author develops the text through the method of        .
A．giving commentsB．telling stories
C．making comparisonsD．giving reasons

小題1:A
小題1:D
小題1:B
小題1:C
略
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions--and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why．
Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes．
“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said．“Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and ignore the mouth．”
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral．They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies．
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than Westerners did．“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said．“Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less．”
In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion．From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion．Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation．
小題1:The discovery shows that Westerners _______.
A．pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth
B．consider facial expressions universally reliable
C．observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways
D．have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions
小題2:What were the people asked to do in the study?
A．To make a face at each other．B．To get their faces impressive．
C．To classify some face pictures．D．To observe the researchers’ faces．
小題3:What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．The participants in the study．B．The researchers of the study．
C．The errors made during the study．D．The data collected from the study．
小題4:In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to ________.
A．do translation more successfullyB．study the mouth more frequently
C．examine the eyes more attentivelyD．read facial expressions more correctly
小題5:What can be the best title for the passage?
A．The Eye as the Window to the Soul
B．Cultural Differences in Reading Emotions
C．Effective Methods to Develop Social Skills
D．How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


India is traditionally a tea-drinking country. But, it is now gaining a new taste for coffee. This has led international coffee companies to consider opening businesses in the huge market. Local business people are also hoping to profit from the country’s tea-drinking habits. They want to open new stores that offer tea.
It is ten thirty in the morning in India. Two cafes are within meters of each other, near a college in New Delhi. And they are selling a lot of tea. Their main customers are undergraduate students.
“We have a lot of break between classes, so whenever we get time, we just go and we enjoy ourselves. It’s a lot of fun , especially when you are with people you enjoy spending time with.”
In the past ten years , cafes have become increasingly popular in India. The country’s huge young population have quickly taken to the coffee culture.
Coffee stores have spread from major cities like New Delhi and Mumbai to smaller towns. Coffee use has doubled in the last ten years . It is the success of this market that has gained the attention of companies like the American-based coffee chain Starbucks. The company will open its first store in India later this year. Other companies like Lavazza and Costa Coffee are already there.
Yet, the growth of coffee will not reduce the popularity of tea. Indians drink eight times more tea than coffee. They have been drinking tea for more than one hundred and fifty years. India is one of the world’s biggest producers of tea, which is known locally as “chai”. Outside homes and offices, it is mostly sold by small businesses on the street.
小題1:Why do international coffee companies consider opening businesses in India?
A．India consumes very little coffee.B．India has a large population.
C．People in India now prefer coffee to tea.D．Indians come to like the taste of coffee.
小題2:Which one is correct about undergraduate students?
A．They only have tea in the cafes.
B．They are the main customers in the cafes.
C．They like enjoying coffee with friends in cafes.
D．They like to go to the cafes to escape lessons.
小題3:What can we learn about coffee in India?
A．Coffee is consumed more than tea in India now.
B．Coffee is much more welcomed by young Indians than tea.
C．Coffee consumed today doubles that of ten years ago.
D．The growth of coffee will reduce the consumption.
小題4:Which statement is wrong according to the passage?
A．Coffee stores have spread to small towns in India.
B．Some foreign coffee companies are trying to open Indian coffee market.
C．Local people worry about losing profit on tea.
D．Indians drink eight times more tea than coffee.
小題5:What is the text mainly about?
A．Undergraduate students are main coffee consumers in India.
B．Indians mainly consume both tea and coffee.
C．India is traditionally a tea-drinking country.
D．India is becoming a big new coffee consuming country.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The Taj Mahal (泰姬陵) is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world and the finest example of the late style of Indian architecture (建筑). It is at Agra in northern India. It lies beside the River Jumna in the middle of gardens with quiet pools.
　　The Taj Mahal was built by the Mogul emperor (皇帝) Shah Jehan, who ruled India in the seventeenth century. It is in memory of his favorite wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal, who died in 1631. The building, which was completed between 1632 and 1638, was designed by a local Muslim architect (建筑師), Ustad Ahmad Lahori. The whole building, with gardens and gateway structures, was completed in 1643. The Taj Mahal stands at one end of the garden tomb with marble (大理石) path. The room is softly lighted by the light that passes through double screens of carved marble set high in the walls. The building now is kept in good condition.
　　The Taj Mahal took 22 years to build. Shah Jehan planned a similar building, but in black instead of white, to lie on the other side of the river. But before it could be built, Shah Jehan was imprisoned (監(jiān)禁) by his son and buried next to his wife in the Taj Mahal.
小題1:The Taj Mahal was built for____ .
A．MumtazB．ShahC．Either Mumtaz or Shah D．Both Mumtaz and Shah
小題2: Why do you think Shah Jehan was buried next to his wife?
A．His own tomb hadn’t been built.B．He hoped to be buried there.
C．King and Queen should be buried togetherD．He liked Mumtaz all his life.
小題3:The passage mainly tells us____ .
A．why the Taj Mahal was built
B．the love story between Shah and Mumtaz
C．some information about the Taj Mahal
D．the Taj Mahal—the pride of Indians
小題4:Form the passage we can learn that____ .
A．the Taj Mahal looks more beautiful than before .
B．the Taj Mahal doesn’t exist now.
C．the Taj Mahal has completely changed. 　
D．the Taj Mahal has become a place of interest.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The first Starbucks coffee shop opened in 1971 in downtown Seattle, Washington, in the United States. It was a small coffee shop that roasted its own coffee beans. The coffee shop’s business did well, and by 1981 there were three more Starbucks stores in Seattle.
Things really began to change for the company in 1981. That year, Howard Schultz met the three men who ran Starbucks. Schultz worked in New York for a company that made kitchen equipment. He noticed that Starbucks ordered a large number of special coffee makers, and he was curious about the company. Schultz went to Seattle to see what Starbucks did , and he liked what he saw. He wanted to become part of the company. In 1982, the original Starbucks owners hired Schultz as the company’s head of marketing.
In 1983, Schultz traveled to Italy. The unique atmosphere of the espresso(濃咖啡) bars there caught his eye. To Schultz it seemed that Italians spent their daily lives in three places: home, work , and coffee bars . His experience in Italy gave Schultz a new idea for Starbucks back in Seattle.
Schultz created an atmosphere for Starbucks coffee shops that was comfortable and casual, and customers everywhere seemed to like it. Between 1987 and 1992, Starbucks opened 150 new stores---and that was only the beginning. As a matter of fact, by the year 2000, three new Starbucks stores opened somewhere around the world every day!
Today, Starbucks has thousands of stores, including stores in twenty-six countries. One thing that helps make Starbucks succeed in cities outside the United Stateds is the way Starbucks works with local stores and restaurants. By working together with a store already in the city, Starbucks gains an understanding of customers in the city.  This understanding helps Starbucks open stores in the right locations for their customers.
小題1:What is the main topic of the reading?
A．how Starbucks has grownB．Starbucks’ customers
C．what Starbucks makesD．how Starbucks makes its coffee
小題2:Which is true about Starbucks’ first ten years of business?
A．It grew very quicklyB．It was run by Howard Schultz
C．It was a small companyD．It made special coffee makers
小題3:Who is Howard Schultz?
A．a(chǎn) coffee seller from New YorkB．the man who changed the company
C．a(chǎn)n Italian coffee makerD．one of the original owners of the company
小題4:About how many new Starbucks opened in 1999?
A．3B．150C．300D．more than 1000
小題5:What helps Starbucks succeed in places outside the United States?
A．opening restaurants in just a few locations each year.
B．only selling locally produced coffee beans
C．working with other major coffee-making companies
D．learning about local customers.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Experts say that it is not easy to get used to life in a new culture. “Culture shock” is the term specialists use when talking about the feelings that people have in a new environment. “There are three stages of culture shock,” say the specialists. In the first stage, the newcomers like their new environment. Then, when the fresh experience dies, they begin to hate the city, the country, the people, and everything else. In the last stage, the newcomers begin to adjust to their surroundings and, as a result, enjoy their life more.
　　There are some obvious factors in culture shock. The weather may be unpleasant. The customs may be different. The public service systems---the telephone, post office, or transportation---may be difficult to work out. The simplest things seem to be big problems. The language may be difficult.
　　Who feels culture shock? Everyone does in this way or that. But culture shock surprises most people. Very often the people having the worst culture shock are those who never had any difficulties in their home countries and were successful in their community. Coming to a new country, these people find they do not have the same established positions. They find themselves without a role, almost without an identity.
　　They have to build a new self-image.
　　Culture shock gives rises to a feeling of disorientation (迷惘). This feeling may be homesickness. When homesick, people feel like staying inside all the time. They want to protect themselves from the strange environment, and create and escape inside their room for a sense of security. This escape does solve the problem of culture shock for the short term, but it does nothing to make the person familiar with the culture. Getting to know the new environment and gaining experience are the long-term solutions to the problem of culture shock. 
小題1: When people move to a new country, they _________.
A．will get used to their new surroundings with difficulty
B．have well prepared for the new surroundings
C．will get used to the culture of the country quickly
D．will never be familiar with culture of the country
小題2:According to the passage, factors that give rise to culture shock include all of the following except __________.
A．language communicationB．weather conditions and customs
C．public service systemsD．homesickness
小題3:When people are homesick, they tend to ________.
A．find some people to talk toB．go outside to have a walk
C．visit their friends far awayD．stay indoors all the time
小題4:The writer tells us that the best way to overcome culture shock is to _______.
A．protect ourselves from unfamiliar environmentB．develop a strange sense of self-protection
C．get familiar with new cultureD．return to our own country

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

For a small town, Manhattan, Kansas has some big surprises. And one of them is the Holiday Inn Hotel, with rooms built around a swimming pool and a friendly family atmosphere.
The Holiday Inn is where Manhattan people often go for a special party, or a night out. A lot of them choose to eat in the brightly lighted restaurant near the pool. And many of them will be served by Ellen Logan, who has worked as a waitress here for more than two years.
Ellen, like most of the waitresses, is also a student. She comes from Nebraska, but she’s planning one day to be a veterinary surgeon, and to care for small animals. But in order to support herself at college, she works twenty hours a week at the Holiday Inn.
Ellen soon learned what every waitress finds out. Your best friend has a good pair of shoes. She paid forty -five dollars for hers, much more than she would usually spend. She’s discovered something else too. You don’t have to know much about food to be a good waitress, but you do have to know a lot about people.
“A lot of business people always stay here when they come to Manhattan,” she explains. “They like you to recognize them and remember their favorite dishes. But some couples come for a night out together. They just want to be left alone. Then there are people who can’t make up their minds. They look down the menu and say‘What do you suggest?’So I ask them how hungry they are. If they say, ‘Not very’, I suggest the salad bar, with soup, salad, bread, and a fruit plate. But if they say they’re very hungry, I suggest a Kansas Strip Steak, with potatoes or rice. You get salad and bread as well. It’s very nice. Real good value.”
Ellen may get tired feet sometimes, but at least she’s learning too much about people. She’ll probably make a good animal doctor, but if she find she doesn’t like it after all, she can always become a psychiatrist（心理醫(yī)生）instead.
小題1:A good title for this passage is______________.
A．Ellen Logan at the Holiday InnB．American Holiday Inn
C．A Special Holiday Inn Hotel in ManhattanD．How to Deal with People
小題2:The word “a veterinary surgeon” probably means____________.
A．a(chǎn)n animal doctor.B．a(chǎn)n animal trainerC．a(chǎn) hotel managerD．a(chǎn) food expert
小題3:From the passage we can infer that_______________.
A．waitresses in the Holiday Inn are all students
B．waitresses are required to buy a good pair of shoes before they go to work
C．waitresses should be familiar with the food there
D．it is more important for the waitresses to know much about people than food
小題4: According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．The Holiday Inn hotel is one of the big surprises in Manhattan.
B．Businessmen like to be recognized by the people and suggested what to eat.
C．Some couples prefer to be left alone without being bothered too much.
D．One of the reasons why people like to eat in the hotel is that it is full of a friendly atmosphere.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are a lot of differences in life in the US that you can only learn by living here. However, we will try to introduce you to some of the more important cultural differences.
Personal Space
When two people are talking to each other, they tend to stand a distance apart. Each person has an invisible boundary (界限) around their body into which other people may not come.
Interestingly，the average personal distance varies from culture to culture. Americans tend to require more personal space than in other cultures. So if you try to get too close to an American during your conversation, he or she will feel that you are “in their face” and will try to back away.
Try to avoid physical contact while you are speaking, since this may also lead to discomfort.
Tipping(小費(fèi))
Restaurants do not include a service charge in the bill, so you should tip the waiter 15% of the total bill. If service is slow or particular bad, some Americans will tip only 10%. If service is particularly good, it is appropriate to tip 20%. If service is so bad that you will never eat in the restaurant again, leave two cents. It tells the waiter that you haven’t forgotten to leave a tip. Tipping is only appropriate in restaurants which offer table service. You do not tip the cashier in a fast food restaurant.
Gestures
To wave goodbye or hello to someone, raise your hand and wave it from side to side, not front to back. Wave the whole hand, not just the fingers. Waving the hand front to back or the fingers up and down means “no”, “stop”, or “go away’. Holding your hand up with the palm facing forward but no movement means “stop”.
If you want to point at an object, extend the index finger and use it to point at the object. It is not polite to point at people.
Although showing your fist with the thumb up or your open hand with the tips of the thumb and index finger together forming an “O” means “OK”， these are stereotypes (老套). Americans understand these gestures, but they are mainly used by actors in movies, not in real life.
小題1: If an American to whom you are speaking backs away a little, you’d better __________.
A．not try to close the gapB．stop talking with him or her
C．back away tooD．a(chǎn)sk him or her what happened
小題2:Which of the following statements is TRUE when you eat out in the US?
A．The tip always ranges from 10% to 20% of the total bill.
B．You needn’t leave a tip if you will never eat in the restaurant.
C．It’s unnecessary to tip the waiter in a restaurant.
D．Tipping is not necessary in fast food restaurants.
小題3:Which of the following gestures is not used in Americans’ daily life?
A               B.             C.               D.
.         
小題4:We can learn from the passage that in the US ___________________.
A．it’s natural to touch each other in a conversation.
B．it’s polite to leave a tip though the service is bad.
C．there is only one gesture meaning “stop”.
D．Americans use the same gesture to point at people and objects.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Making a film takes a long time and is very hard work. Writing the story for the film may take many weeks. Shooting (拍攝) the film often takes at least six months. Actors and camera men work from very early in the morning until late at night. Each scene has to be acted and re-acted, filmed and re-filmed, until it is just fine. Sometimes the same scene has to be acted many times.
The film studio is like a large factory, and the indoor stages are very big indeed. Scenery of all kinds is made in the studio. Churches, houses, and forests are all built of wood and cardboard. Several hundred people work together to make one film. Some of these people are the actors and actresses. The director of the film, however, is the most important person in a film studio. He decides how the scenes should be filmed and how the actors should act.
Most people go to see a film because they know the film stars are in it. Sometimes the film may be very poor. It is best to choose a film made by a good director. Some famous directors make their films very real; people feel that they themselves are among the people in the films.
小題1: Making a film is ________ .
A．very simpleB．quite funny
C．quite interestingD．not very easy
小題2: The director of a film ________ .
A．says how only one scene should be filmed
B．tells the actors and actresses how they should not act
C．is the most important person in a film studio
D．a(chǎn)ll the above
小題3: Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Writing the story for the film is a part of making a film.
B．The indoor stages in the film studio are very big.
C．All of the people in film making are actors and actresses.
D．Shooting the film often takes many months.
小題4:The best title for the passage is "________ ".
A．Writing the StoryB．Actors and Actresses
C．A DirectorD．Making a Film

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