If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are.
Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety.
The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge.
The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate(價錢). From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly(相應(yīng)地).
With so many loopholes(漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”.
In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others?
【小題1】While taking a taxi in Finland, _____.
| A．a(chǎn) passenger can go anywhere without having to pay the driver |
| B．a(chǎn) passenger pays two US dollars for a taxi ride |
| C．a(chǎn) passenger can never be turned down by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go |
| D．a(chǎn) passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration (證明) before leaving without paying |
| A．a(chǎn)re mostly poorly managed |
| B．provide meals for any diners |
| C．provide free wine and charge for food |
| D．provide meal for only those who live in the hotels |
| A．The workers in Finland are paid by the hour. |
| B．The workers are always honest with their working hours. |
| C．The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay. |
| D．The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working hours of their employees. |
| A．people who are dishonest |
| B．people who often have meals in big hotels |
| C．people who often take taxis |
| D．people who are worthy of trust |
【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】D
【小題4】A
解析試題分析：文章描述了芬蘭社會中一些在我們看來的奇怪的現(xiàn)象，從反面解釋了芬蘭社會很高的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)第二段"You can go anywhere in one，tell the driver to drop you at any place"可知C項正確。A項錯在不付錢是當(dāng)時有重要業(yè)務(wù)要參加的時候，而不是任何時候都不付錢。況且第四段提到所有的乘客都會在辦理了緊急業(yè)務(wù)后回來付車費。文章中"with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer"意思是每公里2美元，而不是B項說的每次乘車都是2美元。D項未提到要先提供誠信的范例。故選C。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)第三段第一句“The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners”各大酒店餐廳不僅為住客服務(wù),而且也服務(wù)外來食客。故選B。
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)題：根據(jù)第四段第一句“The Finnish workers are paid by the hour.”芬蘭工人是按小時付費，可知A正確；根據(jù)第五段中“And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in”工人總是給一個誠實的確切時間賬單，可知B正確；根據(jù)第四段中“ They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate(價錢)”他們一和老板就工資達(dá)成協(xié)議后，在很大程度上就靠他們自己了，可知C正確；根據(jù)第四段最后一句“From then on, they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly”從那時起，他們只要說他們工作了多少小時他們就會被相應(yīng)地支付報酬，可知老板們并不細(xì)查具體工作多長時間，因此D錯誤。故選D。
【小題4】推理題：根據(jù)本句“who love to take “petty advantages”.”喜歡占便宜的人，可知是不誠實的人。故選A。
考點：考查風(fēng)土人情類閱讀
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
If you see a group of people dancing and singing on the street or in the railway station, you don't need to feel surprised. They are a flash mob(暴民). Who are they? Are they mobs? Don't be confused by their name. Actually, a flash mob is a group of people who gather suddenly in a public place, do something unusual for a brief period of time, and then quickly disappear.
They are usually organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communications networks. The messages may be sent to friends, who send to more people. At a predetermined time, they gather and perform some activities such as exchanging books, coming together to look at the sky, waving their hands and yelling something at the top of their voice for 30 seconds. Then, they quickly disappear before the police can arrive. Using mobile phones, the flash mob can change its place if the first one has been cancelled for any reason.
Bill Wasik, senior editor of Harper's Magazine, organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May 2003 and the first successful flash mob gathered on June 3,2003. Wasik claimed that he created the flash mob as a social experiment designed to laugh at fashion seekers and stress the cultural atmosphere of wanting to be an insider or part of “the next big thing”．
Flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock people. Such an activity might seem amusing and magical, but it also might frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place. Undoubtedly, flash mob can serve as good political tools and have great potential, such as using to advertise a product.
The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular. People use it to do many things. Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory.
【小題1】What is NOT the feature of the flash mob?
| A．It can get together quickly. |
| B．It can change its place freely. |
| C．It can do activities suddenly. |
| D．It can injure people seriously. |
| A．③④ | B．①⑤ | C．②⑥ | D．⑤⑥ |
| A．To advertise some products. |
| B．To help people make friends. |
| C．To laugh at fashion seekers. |
| D．To create some memories. |
| A．Bill Wasik organized the first successful flash mob in May, 2003. |
| B．People are encouraged to take a more active part in an activity. |
| C．Flash mobs tend to do something illegal for a short time. |
| D．Flash mob gathering can frighten all the people present. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
In the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.
These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can’t change your behavior by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able to do it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It's more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you're a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you’ll probably do so, too.
The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.
Much of our behavior, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits—cue, routine, reward.
You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that'll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don’t try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.
Their research thus implies a different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural networks inside.
To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You're trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.
This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness.
If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you’re probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don’t just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief.
【小題1】Which of the following is the first-to-none element in the 19th-century character model?
| A．Action. | B．Capacity. | C．Resolution. | D．Enthusiasm. |
| A．One’s behavior is tough to change. |
| B．Habit has an unidentified structure. |
| C．Habit plays a vital role in one's behavior. |
| D．Both habit and will power are of significance. |
| A．techniques to break old routines. |
| B．techniques to provide different physical cues. |
| C．cues to change all the former unconscious habits. |
| D．cues to manipulate the habitual neural responses. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly，courteous and helpful most Americans were to them．To be fair，this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians，and should best be considered North American．There are，of course，exceptions．Small-minded officials，rude waiters，and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US．Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment．For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence．
Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another．Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion，and brought news of the outside world．The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality．
Someone traveling alone，if hungry，injured，or ill，often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement．It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers．It reflected the harshness of daily life： if you didn‘t take in the stranger and take care of him，there was no one else who would．And someday，remember，you might be in the same situation．Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler．Yet，the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US，especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails．“I was just traveling through，got talking with this American，and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner—amazing．” Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon，but are not always understood properly．
【小題1】In the eyes of visitors from the outside world，___________．
| A．rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US |
| B．small-minded officials deserve a serious comment |
| C．Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors |
| D．most Americans are ready to offer help |
| A．culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship |
| B．courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated |
| C．various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends |
| D．social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions |
| A．to improve their hard life |
| B．in view of their long-distance travel |
| C．to add some flavor to their own daily life |
| D．out of a charitable impulse |
| A．tends to be superficial and artificial |
| B．is generally well kept up in the united States |
| C．is always understood properly |
| D．has something to do with the busy tourist trails |
| A．Favorable． | B．Unfavorable． |
| C．Indifferent． | D．Neutral． |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Would you eat a ready meal from the fridge rather than cook by yourself? Have you been doing Internet shopping rather than going to the stores? What can’t you be bothered to do?
A study into how lazy British people are has found more than half of the adults are so idle (懶散的) that they’d catch the lift rather than climb two flights of stairs.
Just over 2,000 people were quizzed by independent researchers at Nuffield Health, Britain’s largest health center. The results were extremely surprising.
About one in six people questioned said if their remote control was broken, they would continue watching the same channel rather than get up.
More than one third of those questioned said they would not run to catch a bus. Worryingly, of the 654 respondents with children, 64% said they were often too tired to play with them.
This led the report to conclude that it’s no wonder that one in six children in the UK are classified as obese (very fat) before they start school.
Dr Sarah Dauncey, medical director of Nuffield Health, said, “People need to get fitter, not just for their own sake, but for the sake of their families, friends and evidently (明顯地；顯然) their pets too.”
“If we don’t start to take control of this problem, a whole generation will become too unfit to perform even the most fundamental tasks.”
And Scotland’s largest city, Glasgow, was shamed as the most idle city in the UK, with 75% questioned admitting they do not get enough exercise, followed closely by Birmingham and Southampton, both with 67%.
The results bring serious challenges for the National Health Service, where obesity-related illnesses such as heart disease and cancer have been on a steady increase for the past 40 years and are costing billions of pounds every year.
【小題1】How many people questioned don’t play with their children?
| A．1280. | B．More than 333. | C．654. | D．About 420. |
| A．the pets in the UK will be in trouble if their owners keep their way of life |
| B．Glasgow people feel ashamed because they don’t get enough exercise |
| C．British people are the laziest around the world |
| D．five sixths of the British children are healthy |
| A．By presenting the results of a study. |
| B．By providing answers to questions. |
| C．By interviewing some experts. |
| D．By telling a story. |
| A．A study of British people’s laziness. | B．A study of British people’s lifestyles. |
| C．The health service in the UK. | D．The obesity problem in the UK. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
La Gomera is the only place in the world which has a whistle （口哨）language. We do not know how and why it began because we do not know the complete history of the island. But we can certainly imagine the reasons for the beginning of the whistle language. There are many deep valleys on the island. A person on one side of a valley can not easily shout to a person on the other side. But he can whistle and be heard. Some of the best whistlers can be heard from four miles away and the record is seven miles.
The people who live on the island usually have good teeth, and this helps them to whistle well. They must also have good ears so that they can hear other whistlers.
We can understand why the whistle language continues. It is very useful on the island, and quite easy to learn. When somebody is hurt or ill, the whistle language takes the place of telephone. If the sick person is quite far away from the town, people pass the message from one to another. A boy guarding cattle on a hillside whistles to a man fishing from his boat. The last one is able to describe the trouble fully and exactly to the doctor in town. People help one another in the same way when a car breaks down or a cow is lost.
The whistle language is hundreds of years old, and probably it will continue to live on for hundreds of years more. Radio and TV often kill the special ways of speaking in different parts of a country. But on La Gomera you are nobody if you cannot whistle. Perhaps soon after TV arrives on the island, people there will be whistling the news and other facts and opinions.
【小題1】If a person on La Gomera is ill,______.
| A．others will phone the doctor in town |
| B．people will take him to town by carriage |
| C．his family will take him to the hospital |
| D．the whistle language will help pass the message to the doctor |
| A．many visitors go there every year |
| B．no visitors have ever been there |
| C．people there have special ears to hear whistles |
| D．people there use the whistle language to communicate with each other |
| A．It is not easy for a person to live on La Gomera if he cannot whistle. |
| B．The whistle language can only be found on La Gomera. |
| C．The whistle language has been used for hundreds of years on the island, but will not be used any longer. |
| D．The record shows that one best whistler can be heard others seven miles away. |
| A．The Secret Language | B．Do You Know the Whistle Language? |
| C．The Life of Islanders | D．La Gomera一a Mystery |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
My oldest child, Emma, just returned to campus after a long holiday break to finish up her last period of college. These days, friends and family have begun flooding me with one question: What is she going to do after graduation?
The job market is, after all, awfully tough. Just this month the Federal Reserve Bank published a study showing that “recent graduates are increasingly working in low-paid jobs or working part-time.” The bright spot, according to the study, is for students who majored(主修) in STEM— science, technology, engineering and mathematics — areas in which recent graduates “have tended to do relatively well”.
But Emma is a student of the humanities(人文) at a small college. She’s an American Studies major with a focus on the politics and culture of food. For quite a while, I think her field of study is so fashionable right now that I’m not the least bit worried she will find a good job. Yet the more I’ve thought about it, the more I’ve decided to be honest. “I’m not sure what Emma is going to do,” I now say. “But she’s gotten a great education and has really found her interest. — and I know those things will serve her well over the course of her life.”
Nowadays, more and more universities and colleges are being measured by the salaries of their recent graduates. In this climate, encouraging your kid to study the humanities, seems, at best, unwise or, at worst, unconcerned with earning a living. But a college is not a vocational(職業(yè)) school. And promoting STEM subjects should not be society’s only answer to helping the next generation grow in a competitive world.
From the beginning, we never urged Emma to pick a college or a major with an eye on its expected return on money, as more and more families are doing. To Emma, what really matters will be something that we may not be able to measure for quite a long time: Emma’s contribution to the world and how happy she is in it.
【小題1】The author’s friends and family_________.
| A．a(chǎn)re worried about Emma’s safety |
| B．have been worrying about the flood |
| C．a(chǎn)re concerned about Emma’s future |
| D．a(chǎn)re worried about the job market |
| A．The number of the graduates is increasing. |
| B．STEM graduates can be better employees. |
| C．STEM graduates are in relatively greater demand. |
| D．More and more graduates like to do a part-time job. |
| A．Because she is interested in it. |
| B．Because her mother told her to. |
| C．Because it is increasingly popular. |
| D．Because she wants further education. |
| A．it should be among the STEM |
| B．it should be fashionable and interesting |
| C．it should allow a good job and a high salary |
| D．it should bring achievements and happiness |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Where Are We Going, Dad? has become one of China's most popular television shows, since its debut (首次登場) in October, averaging more than 600 million viewers each week. Sponsorship rights (冠名權(quán)) for the show's second season were sold for 312 million yuan (about $ 50 million), more than ten times higher than the rights to the first season.
What accounts for its popularity? The show features a new generation of Chinese fathers, who, as part of the country’s new middle class, have faced more problems with modern child-raising techniques such as taking an active role with their children.
Part of the appeal of the show is the chance to throw a glance at the lives of Chinese celebrities (名流) and their children. Audiences are interested in watching the failed attempts of celebrity dads making dinner, doing hair, and disciplining (管教) children -- tasks often left to mothers in a society still influenced by the saying that “men rule outside and women are inside.” “In traditional Chinese culture, fathers are strict and mothers are kind. But on the show, we see fathers who are much gentler on their kids and more involved in their upbringing, ” said Li Minyi, an associate professor. “This show raises an important question for modern Chinese society -- what is the role of fathers in today’s China?”
After each episode (集) goes to air, the Chinese internet explodes with comments on each celebrity's parenting style.
Actor Guo Tao tries to communicate with his son, Shitou, but is seen as a more traditional Chinese father, and has been criticised online for being too harsh. Zhang Liang, a supermodel, is an audience favorite for treating his son, Tiantian, more like a friend. The show’s most famous celebrity, Lin Zhiying, a film star, was originally praised as patient with his son Kimi. But as the season progresses, fans begin to criticise him for raising a spoiled, undisciplined boy. Director Wang Yuelun is at a complete loss when it comes to care of his daughter’s hair.
Even the People's Daily is pleased with the success of the show.
【小題1】Sponsorship rights for the show’s first season were sold for about______.
| A．312 million yuan | B．50 million yuan |
| C．31 million yuan | D．600 million yuan |
| A．gives audiences the chance to raise the star's children themselves |
| B．invites some famous film stars to take part in it |
| C．lets people think about the role of fathers in modern families |
| D．raises people's concern about women's role in the society |
| A．careless | B．strict | C．clumsy | D．kind |
| A．Guo Tao | B．Zhang Liang | C．Lin Zhiying | D．Wang Yuelun |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.
Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries ---- in both the West and the East.
Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus ---- obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.
Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Bras Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay(馬來語). Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.
A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a crescent (月牙) because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.
【小題1】We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.
| A．the government is usually the first to name a place |
| B．many places tend to have more than one name |
| C．a(chǎn) ceremony will be held when a place is named |
| D．people prefer the place names given by the government |
| A．Change suddenly. | B．Change significantly. | C．Disappear mysteriously. | D．Disappear very slowly. |
| A．Raffles Place. | B．Selector Airbase. | C．Piccadilly Circus. | D．Paya Lebar Crescent. |
| A．a(chǎn)fter a person | B．a(chǎn)fter a place | C．a(chǎn)fter an activity | D．by its shape |
| A．Some place names in Singapore are the same as in Britain. |
| B．Some places in Singapore are named for military purposes. |
| C．The way Singaporeans name their places is unique. |
| D．Young Singaporeans have forgotten the pioneers. |
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