We’ve heard about radiation from the damaged nuclear reactors in Japan reaching American shores. Experts say so far there is no reason to worry, and point out that we meet radiation every day. Where and how? NPR’s Renee Montagne posed that question to Peter Caracappa, a radiation safety officer and professor of nuclear engineering.
MONTAGNE: How many things emit radiation?
Dr CARACAPPA: Well, radiation and radioactive material is a part of nature. So everything that’s living has some amount of radiation coming from it—a very small amout. Plus there’s radiation in the ground and the air.
So the extremes are uranium in the soil to bananas?
Yes.
By the way, why do bananas have radiation?
Bananas have a lot of potassium(鉀). And a small amount of potassium naturally is called potassium 40, which is radioactive
What’s the difference between radiation that’s harmful and not harmful?
Well, the term radiation can apply to a lot of different things. But the harmful radiation is ionizing(離子)radiation. It has enough energy that it can make chemical changes in material. We could get ionizing radiation from an X-ray, for example. It’s the kind of radiation that causes cancer.
The broader definition of radiation includes a lot of things that we call non-ionizing radiation. That includes everything like radio waves and visible light and your microwave.
So what then is the largest contributor of ionizing radiation?
For the natural sources of ionizing radiation, actually the biggest chunk of that tends to come from radon(氡), which is a radioactive material that is present in the air. It can become a concern when it builds up in low-lying areas of homes like basements.
Would it be fair to say that most people do not need to worry about the danger of being exposed to radiation?
I would say that the everyday exposure to radioation that we meet contributes an extremely tiny risk to our life or to our health compared to all of the other risks that we meet in our day-to-day life.
小題1:We can infer from the first paragraph that radiation is______.
A．rareB．powerfulC．dangerousD．common
小題2:The passage may be _______.
A．a(chǎn)n interviewB．a(chǎn)n argumentC．a(chǎn) talk show programD．a(chǎn) science report
小題3:Whether radiation is harmful or not depends on______.
A．whether it has a small amount of potassium
B．whether it changes chemical in materials.
C．whether it has energy to change materials
D．whether it is visible in life
小題4:The purpose of writing this passage is to _______.
A．a(chǎn)dvise on how to protect us from radiation
B．a(chǎn)nalyze what causes radiation in daily life
C．warn people of the danger of radiation
D．expect people not to fear everyday radiation

小題1:D
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:D          

試題分析：文章通過一次采訪報道介紹了放射性的輻射是很普遍的現(xiàn)象，人們沒有必要過于擔(dān)心。
小題1:D 推理題。根據(jù)第一段第二行Experts say so far there is no reason to worry, and point out that we meet radiation every day.說明在我們的生活中放射性是很常見的事情，故D正確。
小題2:A 推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩行NPR’s Renee Montagne posed that question to Peter Caracappa, a radiation safety officer and professor of nuclear engineering.說明Montagne在采訪一名核方面的教授，故這是一次采訪活動，A正確。
小題3:B 推理題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第六段But the harmful radiation is ionizing(離子)radiation. It has enough energy that it can make chemical changes in material.說明當(dāng)這樣的離子有足夠的能量產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的時候，就對人體有害了，故B正確。
小題4:D 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主題段第一段可知在日常生活中放射性隨處可見，是一種很普遍的現(xiàn)象，人們沒有必要過去擔(dān)心。故D正確。
點評：科普類短文是考生感覺難度較大的短文，因為文章中的生詞較多，理解起來有一定的難度，在閱讀時要培養(yǎng)猜測詞義的能力和推理能力。
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小題1:BCI is a technology that can         .
A．help to update computer systemsB．link the human brain with computers
C．help the disabled to recoverD．control a person's thoughts
小題2:How did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?                                    
A．By controlling his muscles．B．By talking to the machine．
C．By moving his hand．D．By using his mind．
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A．make profits from themB．prove the technology useful to them
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A．Switzerland, the BCI Research Center
B．New Findings About How the Human Brain Works
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I climbed Kilimanjaro with Lava Expeditions (探險隊) during the rainy season.
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After that we set off, walking in the rain through the beauty of the rainforest, all the way to the first camp. I was happy the next few days as the view was so wonderful and changed every day. I suffered a little during the trip and I felt so tired. But the members of Lava Expeditions provided me with lots of encouragement, which was one of the best memories. Finally we reached the top of Kilimanjaro in bright blue skies.
I felt excited about climbing Kilimanjaro and the feeling didn’t change during my trip. Lava Expeditions looked after me so well that I was deeply thankful for their help.
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A．By bus.B．By train.C．By air.D．On foot.
小題2:What do we know about Taddeus Minja according to the passage?
A．He organized the journey.
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小題3:How did Lava Expeditions help the author while climbing Kilimanjaro?
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B．By offering food to him.
C．By encouraging him.
D．By teaching him climbing skills.
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B．Tiring but excited.
C．Dangerous but exciting.
D．Dangerous and tiring.
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A．To tell readers about Lava Expeditions.
B．To give readers advice on climbing Kilimanjaro.
C．To encourage more people to climb Kilimanjaro.
D．To share his experience of climbing Kilimanjaro.

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A．worryB．a(chǎn)ttentionC．delightD．pride
小題2:
A．buyB．fetchC．cook D．leave
小題3:
A．theirB．a(chǎn) newC．the sameD．a(chǎn) simple
小題4:
A．wayB．joyC．troubleD．importance
小題5:
A．hardB．dailyC．goodD．new
小題6:
A．expressionsB．sentenceC．doingD．smile
小題7:
A．meatB．fishC．soupD．egg
小題8:
A．praisedB．pleasedC．badD．surprise
小題9:
A．pleasedlyB．excitedlyC．surprisedly D．worriedly
小題10:
A．bonesB．flesh (人肉)C．tailsD．heads
小題11:
A．doB．willC．want toD．should
小題12:
A．tailB．headC．soupD．flesh
小題13:
A．factB．ChinaC．USAD．the West
小題14:
A．honourB．seatC．tableD．plate
小題15:
A．realB．excitingC．interestingD．easy
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A．please help us B．excuse meC．help yourselfD．eat them please
小題17:
A．brought homeB．wantedC．were buyingD．were eating
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A．notB．but notC．withoutD．nor
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小題3:You could learn words__________.
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B．a(chǎn)fter you knew what the language was
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D．when you were a baby
小題4:The aim in using language is___________.
A．to get everying one wants from others
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It is difficult for doctors to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives for only three to five minutes. More often the doctors can' t fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain. The doctors might make the person worse if he operates on the brain.
Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.
Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on them. He made the monkeys' blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine sent the blood back to the monkeys' brains. When the brain' s temperature was 10°C, Dr. White stopped the blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their operations the monkeys were like they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.
小題1:The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that _______.
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B．the patients are often too nervous
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A．taking the blood out of the brain
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C．having the blood go through a machine
D．lowering the brain' s temperature
小題3:With Dr. White' s new idea, the operation on the damaged brain _______.
A．can last as long as 30 minutesB．can keep the brain' s blood warm
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小題4:What is the right order of the steps in the operation?
a. send the cooled blood back to the brain
b. stop the blood to the brain
c. have the blood cooled down
d. operate on the brain
A．a(chǎn),b,c,dB．c,a,b,dC．c, b, d, aD．b, c, d, a

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Here's one very simple but lifechanging advice that I first heard from Brian Tracy. Cut down on the TV at night by just one hour. Instead, use that hour to read books that could improve your life.
If you're a salesman, google for the best and most useful books on improving your sales.
This applies (適用) to all fields, not just the work-related (與工作相關(guān)的) ones. Maybe you want to improve your health, become a more energetic person. Or maybe you want to improve your study, your relations or perhaps do some personal development.
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If you follow the ideas, who knows what great things and feelings could come into your life. Also, all that information and advice will start to open up your mind. You will start to see more chances in your life.
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1. I really don't have the money...
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2. I really don't have the time...
Answer: Buy audiobooks and listen to them in the car while driving to and from work. Or copy them to your MP3-player and listen while riding your bike /bus to work or school. Recently selling audiobooks through MP3-downloads has become popular...
Shut off the TV a little earlier and start reading.
小題1:What is Brian Tracy’s lifechanging advice about？
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A．It will open up your mind.
B．You will have about 260 hours a year to read.
C．You will read lots of books and get much useful advice.
D．It will probably bring great things and feelings into your life.
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小題5: What is the writer’s idea about audiobooks?
A．They are more useful.
B．Listening to audiobooks is easier than reading books.
C．It’s dangerous to listen to audiobooks while driving or riding.
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In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources(資源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decade has seen more and more forests disappearing and the globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持續(xù)的)ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a popular trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decade. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy resolution. It is now trying hard to made full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil(棕櫚油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high  targets for reducing carbon emissions(排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from the traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of a growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers a large of new chances for sustainable product industries.
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A．it makes the world warmer
B．it consumes natural resources
C．it brings severe damage to future
D．it makes growth hard to continue
小題2:What can we infer from Paragraph2?
A．China lacks wind and solar energy
B．China is the leader of the low-carbon market
C．High-speed trains are a low-carbon development
D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests
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小題4:We can learn from the last paragraph that business have many chances to _______.
A．develop sustainable productsB．explore new natural resources
C．make full use of natural resourcesD．deal with the major challenge
小題5:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce a new business modelB．To compare two business models
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today. People didn’t have modern machines. There was no modern medicine, either.
Life today has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty. It kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily. Air    pollution is the most serious kind of pollution. It’s bad to all living things in the world.
Cars, planes and factories all pollute our air every day. Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city. This kind of quilt is called smog.
Many countries are making rules to flight pollution. Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away, and they mustn’t blow dirty smoke into the air.
We need to do many other things. We can put waste things in the dustbin and do not throw them on the ground, there will be less pollution.
Rules are not enough. Every person must help to fight pollution.
小題1:Hundreds of years ago, life was much harder than it is today because ______.
A．there were not any modern machines
B．there was no modern medicine
C．both A and B
D．there were not many people
小題2:What is the biggest problem in today’s life?
A．Water pollution
B．Air pollution
C．Noise
D．Pollution
小題3:The most serious kind of pollution is ______.
A．noise pollution
B．a(chǎn)ir pollution
C．water pollution
D．A, B and C
小題4:Factories must clean their water ______.
A．before they are thrown away
B．when they are thrown away
C．a(chǎn)fter it is thrown away
D．before it is thrown away
小題5:From the passage we know that ______.
A．a(chǎn) few years ago, there was no smog at all
B．today people don’t have to talk to each other in a loud voice
C．we can drink water from the polluted rivers and lakes
D．people are making rules in order to fight pollution

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