11．There are endless motivations for human behaviour，from the basic drives for food to more complicated ones，such as sympathy，envy and anger．But none of these explain behaviours that we call compulsions （強迫癥）．They come from a need that is desperate and tortured （折磨）．They may bring relief，but they bring little enjoyment，and while one part of our brain desperately wishes to stop them，another is afraid of stopping．
I used to view compulsions as foreign and almost frightening．But in the course of my research，two things happened．First，when I got to know people who were compulsive，their behaviour didn't seem unreasonable at all．Second，I realized that although people with the most extreme compulsions seem like outliers （另類人），the anxiety that drives them to those extremes is universal．
Over any year，many of us find ourselves in the control of a compulsion that falls short of something that is disabling enough to qualify as a mental disorder-in fact，some compulsions are adaptive，helping us lead our lives or perform our jobs more effectively．
Like many people，maybe you feel forced to reach for your smart phone as soon as you wake up in the morning．Fortunately a growing number of experts have begun to succeed in distinguishing addictions from compulsions．
An addiction begins with a flash of pleasure accompanied with danger； it's fun to gamble or to drink，and it also puts you at risk．Addictions involve acting without planning or even thought，driven by an urge for immediate satisfaction．Compulsions，in contrast，are all about avoiding unpleasant outcomes．They are behaviours we repeat many times to relieve the anxiety brought on by the possibility of negative consequences．But the actual behaviour is often unpleasant-or at least not particularly rewarding，especially after many rounds of it．
Behind every compulsion is the need to avoid what causes you pain or anxiety．Compulsive behaviour is not necessarily a mental disorder．Some forms of it can be，and people in its control deserve to be diagnosed and helped．But many are expressions of psychological needs we all feel：to be at peace and in control，to feel connected and to matter．And if those are mental illnesses，we're all crazy．
56．From the first two paragraphs，we know thatC．
A．compulsions can bring relief as well as enjoyment
B．compulsive people will prefer unreasonable behaviour
C．compulsions may be an understandable response to anxiety
D．compulsive people must be frightening and behave differently
57．The main difference between addictions and compulsions lies inC．
A．human relationships
B．financial rewards
C．internal drives
D．social expectations
58．What's the author's attitude towards compulsion？A
A．Objective．B．Negative．C．Doubtful．D．Cautious．
分析 短文作者主要介紹了強迫癥的由來，并通過其與上癮進行對比，來說明強迫癥也是可理解的．
解答 56．C，推理判斷題，根據(jù)句子First，when I got to know people who were compulsive，their behaviour didn't seem unreasonable at all．Second，I realized that although people with the most extreme compulsions seem like outliers （另類人），the anxiety that drives them to those extremes is universal可以推測，強迫癥可能是對焦慮做出的一種可理解的反應(yīng)，故答案為C．
57．C，推理判斷題，根據(jù)句子Addictions involve acting without planning or even thought，driven by an urge for immediate satisfaction．Compulsions，in contrast，are all about avoiding unpleasant outcomes．They are behaviours we repeat many times to relieve the anxiety brought on by the possibility of negative consequences可知，上癮是沒有任何計劃和想法，只為了立刻得到滿足；而強迫癥是對有可能造成負面結(jié)果的焦慮進行釋放，因此兩者最大的區(qū)別在于內(nèi)心的驅(qū)動，故答案為C．
58．A，態(tài)度觀點題，短文作者主要介紹了強迫癥的由來，并通過其與上癮進行對比，作者在文中沒有表明自己過多的觀點，只是客觀介紹，因此其態(tài)度是客觀的，故答案為A．
點評 解答任務(wù)型閱讀理解題，首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意．因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料．其次，細讀題材，各個擊破．掌握全文的大意之后，細細閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息．最后，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時，要有較強的針對性．對于捕獲到的信息，要做認真分析，仔細推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準．
