The term “formal learning” refers to all learning which takes place in the classroom regardless of whether such learning is informed by conservative or progressive ideologies(思想意識(shí)). “Informal learning”, on the other hand, is used to refer to learning which takes place outside the classroom.
These definitions(定義) provide the basic difference between the two models of learning. Formal learning is separated from daily life and may actually promote ways of learning and thinking which often run counter to those obtained form practical daily life. A characteristic feature of formal learning is the centrality of activities which can prepare for the changes of adult life outside the classroom, but it cannot, by its nature, consist of these challenges.
In doing this, language plays an important role as a major channel for information exchange.  The language of the classroom is more similar to the language used by middle-class families than that used by working-class families. Middle class children thus find it easier to gain the language of the classroom than their working-class classmates.
Informal learning, in contrast, occurs in the setting to which it relates, making learning immediately relevant (相關(guān)的). In this context, language does not occupy such an important role: the child's experience of learning is more direct, involving sight, touch, taste, and smell senses that are not used in the classroom. Whereas formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is gained as a natural part of child's socialization. Adults or older children who are proficient (熟練的) in skill or activity provide-----sometimes unintentionally (無(wú)意義地)---target models of behavior in the course of everyday activity.
Informal learning, therefore, can take place at any time and place. The motivation of learner provides another important difference between the two models of learning. The formal learner is generally motivated by some kind of external goal such as parental approval, social status, and possible financial reward. The informal learner, however, tends to be motivated by successful completion of the task itself and the partial knowledge of adult status.
Given that learning systems develop as a response to the social and economic contexts in which they are firmly, it is understandable that modern, high urbanized (城市化) societies have concentrated almost specially on the establishment of formal education systems. What these societies have failed to recognize are the ways in which formal learning inhibits the child's multi-sensory acquisition of practical skills. The failure to provide a child with a direct education may in part account for many of the social problems which trouble our societies.
67. Formal learning and informal learning are mainly told differences by_________.
A. the place where they take place
B. the kind of knowledge to be obtained
C. the people who learn
D. the language used in instruction
68. The language used in classroom instruction explains________.
A. how learning can take place efficiently
B. why it is not easy for children of working-class families to get high scores
C. why informal learning is more important
D. why formal learning does not work with children of middle-class families
69. In informal learning_________.
A. children usually follow the examples of adults to shape their own behavior
B. children's learning is more direct
C. children are highly motivated by the learning activity it self
D. all of the above
70. The author's attitude towards the present state of formal learning is _______.
A. agreeable             B. critical
C. suspecting            D. indifferent（不關(guān)心的）

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:B
         
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“You know, these cups bring to mind a tea quote(說(shuō)法) I heard.” Mary’s aunt said.
She poured tea. There were four of them and there were four totally different cups on the table.
They took their tea cups.
“What quote?” Mary asked.
“Well, maybe I should rather say it is a story,” aunt said, “I heard that there was a wise teacher who took all his students for tea. They were surprised that all the cups on the table were different. Each of them took a cup and started drinking their tea, each looking at the cups of others. The teacher let them do that for a while and then said,‘ Do you notice your behavior? You are all looking at each other’s tea cup and I can see some of you with the broken ones are even envious(羨慕的) of the finer cups of others. Is this not so?’ ”
The students agreed, amused by their own behavior.
“You may have wondered why you all had different cups, but I put them here on purpose. You see they represent (代表) life itself. Life is like that tea and the cups are like the physical circumstances(狀況) of your life. You all got the same thing in your cups — tea. And yet you can not truly enjoy it in your envy of another’s cup. It’s just the same with life. You forget to enjoy your own life when you concentrate on envying the circumstances of someone else’s life.
So now, close your eyes, and taste your own tea. Really taste it. And tell me — did it matter from which cup it came from?”
Aunt finished telling her short tea story and they all sat in silence for a while, tasting their tea. A sleepy fly buzzed(嗡嗡作響) past, a bird sang in the tree. And it really did not matter one bit from which tea cup they drank.
小題1: When the students found they had different tea cups, they_____________.
A．were satisfied with their own cup
B．were angry about the broken cups they had been given
C．a(chǎn)sked the teacher to get new cups for them
D．were curious about the difference between the cups
小題2:From the text, we know that _____________.
A．the teacher prepared different tea cups for each student
B．the teacher should have given the students the same cups
C．the teacher made the tea cups different by mistake.
D．each student took their time to choose a cup they liked
小題3: According to the passage, by comparing the cups to the physical circumstances of people’s life, the teacher meant that people_______.
A．should try different ways of life
B．shouldn’t focus on envy others’ physical circumstances
C．can never change their physical circumstances
D．should work hard for a better life
小題4: In the passage the teacher’s message to the students was that _______.
A．life is hard and boring for everyone
B．it is strange to be envious of the lives of others
C．everyone should learn to enjoy his own life
D．people act differently in different circumstances
小題5: What can be the best title for the passage?
A．More than tea in a cupB．The value of tea
C．Tea vs cupD．Enjoying tea with a broken cup

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Imagine a boy from a small village in East Africa. He, since a very early age, has been looking after cattle. At twelve years old he knows more about cattle than most of you. However, he has never been to school. Has this boy had any education?
Education is discovering about ourselves and about the people and things around us. All the people who care about us — our parents, brothers, sisters, friends — are our teachers. In fact, we learn something from everyone we meet. We start learning on the day we were born, not on the first day we go to school. Every day we have new experiences, like finding a bird’s nest, discovering a new street in our neighborhood, making friends with someone we didn’t like before. New experiences are even more fun when we share them with other people.
Encouragement from the people around us enables us to explore things as many as possible. As we grow up, we begin to find out what we are capable of doing. You may be good at cooking, or singing or playing football. You find this out by doing these things. Just thinking about cooking doesn’t tell you whether you are good at it.
We learn so much just living from day to day. So why is school important? Of course you can learn some things better at home than at school, like how to do the shopping, and how to help old or disabled people who can’t do everything for themselves. At school, teachers help us to read and write. With their guidance, we begin to see things in different ways.
小題1: The writer takes the African boy as an example to show that _______.
A．African children are very poor.B．some children are unlucky.
C．there are many kinds of education.D．schools are of great importance.
小題2:In the opinion of the writer,       .
A．we have to learn from the people around us.B．the school is not important at all.
C．only people who care for us can teach us.D．education takes place everywhere.
小題3: One can find out what he / she is good at by     _.
A．what people encourage him/ her to do.B．the teachings of those he / she meets.
C．thinking about it when growing up.D．trying and practising things.
小題4: The passage tells us that _    .
A．everyone gets education from the day he or she was born.
B．different classes of people receive different kinds of education.
C．the school is absolutely necessary if one wants to understand the world.
D．everyone will find out what he or she is good at.
小題5:According to the last paragraph, we know that       .
A．the school is not so important as our living places.
B．the school enables us to understand the world in other ways.
C．the school teaches us things which are useless at home.
D．the school cannot prepare us for our daily lives.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解


A solar pump(太陽(yáng)能水泵 ) was built in a desert small village. The pump used the deserts most common resource – sunlight, to increase its greatest need, water. Solar collectors were used to collect the sun’s rays. Flat collectors were used instead of concave (凹的) collectors. Flat collectors can be still and do not have moving parts, which can be broken in sandstorms. The system used the 20C temperature difference between the solar collectors and the ground water to work a steam engine which pumped water from under the ground.
Some of the social effects of the new pump were planed for. Children aged 6—15 used to meet the old men to receive the informal education there. In order to replace this, a school was also included in the project. But the project had not considered the traditional power structure of the village. As soon as the foreign experts left, the two richest men in the village took control of the pump and started selling water to everyone else. The result was that the majority of the people were poorer than before.
16. The basic function of the solar collectors is to ______
A. pump water           B. gather the sun’s rays 
C. start engine            D. raise the temperature
17. According to the passage which of the following statements could be true?
A. Solar collectors were concave collectors               
B. Flat collectors can be broken in sandstorms.
C. Concave collectors may be have moving parts.     
D. A solar pump is a solar collectors.
18. The underground water is pumped by means of ______.
A. solar collectors  B. the 20C temperature difference C. the system  D. a steam engine
19. Another plan was also included that_____.
A. some new pumps were to built ,too
B. children from aged 6—15 were required to meet old men.
C. a new school would take the place of the informal education.
D. the richest men in the village would control the pump.
20. From this passage , it can be inferred that_____.
A. the project was good , but people there disliked it.
B. only few rich men supported the project.
C. the project was successful even though it only brought good social effects to fewer villagers.
D. the project was a complete failure, because the result was against its purpose.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“A good book for children should simply be a good book in its own right,”says Mollie Hunter. Born and brought up near Edinburgh, Mollie has devoted her talents to writing primarily for young people. She firmly believes that there is and should always be a wider audience for any good book whatever its main market is. In Mollie’s opinion it is necessary to make full use of language and she enjoys telling a story, which is what every writer should be doing, “If you aren’t telling a story, you’re a very dead writer indeed.”she says. With the chief function of a writer being to entertain, Mollie is indeed an entertainer. “I have this great love of not only the meaning of language but of the music of language,”she says. “This love goes back to early childhood. I’ve told stories all my life. I had a school teacher who used to ask us what we would like to be when we grew up and, because my family always had dogs, and I was very good at handling them. I said I wanted to work with dogs, and the teacher always said‘Nonsense, Mollie; dear, you’ll be a writer.’So finally I thought that this woman must have something, since she was a good teacher and I decided when I was nine that I would be a writer.”
This childhood intention is described in her novel, A Sound of Chariots, which although written in the third person is clearly autobiographical (自傳體的)and gives a picture both of Mollie’s ambition and her struggle towards its achievement. Thoughts of her childhood inevitably(不可避免的)brought thoughts of the time when her home was still a village with buttercup meadows and strawberry fields-sadly now covered with modern houses. “I was once taken back to see it and I felt that somebody had lain dirty hands all over my childhood. I’ll never go back,”she said.“Never.”“When I set one of my books in Scotland,”she said,“I can recall my romantic feelings as a child playing in those fields, or watching the village blacksmith at work. And that’s important, because children now know so much so early that romance can’t exist for them, as it did for us.”
小題1: What does Mollie Hunter feel about the nature of a good book?
A．It should not aim at a narrow audience.
B．It should be attractive to young readers.
C．It should be based on original ideas.
D．It should not include too much conversation.
小題2: In Mollie Hunter’s opinion, which of the following is one sign of poor writer?
A．Being poor in life experience
B．Being short of writing skill.
C．The weakness of description
D．The absence of a story.
小題3:What do we learn about Mollie Hunter as a young child？
A．She didn’t expect to become a writer.
B．She didn’t enjoy writing stories.
C．She didn’t have any particular ambition.
D．She didn’t respect her teacher’s view.
小題4:In comparison with children of earlier years, Mollie feels that children now are _____.
A．more intelligent
B．better informed
C．less eager to learn
D．less interested in reality
小題5: What’s the writer’s purpose in this text?
A．To share her enjoyment of Mollie Hunter’s book.
B．To introduce Mollie Hunter’s work to a wider audience.
C．To provide information for Mollie Hunter’s existing readers.
D．To describe Mollie Hunter’s most successful books.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A kind of little cars may some day take the place of today’s ones. If everyone drives such cars in the future, there will be less pollution in the air. There will also be more space for parking cars in cities, and the streets will be less crowded. Three such cars can fit in the space now needed for one car of the usual size.
The little cars will cost much less to own and to drive. Driving will be safer, too, as these little cars can go only 65 kilometers an hour.
The cars of the future will be fine for getting around the city, but they will not be useful for long trips. Little cars will go 450 kilometers before needing to stop for more gasoline.
If big cars are still used along with the small ones, two sets of roads will be needed in the future. Some roads will be used for the gig, fast cars and other roads will be needed for the slower small ones.
小題1:There is much pollution in the air today because ___________.
A．people drive big cars
B．people drive little cars
C．the cars go 65 kilometers an hour
D．the cars can go 450 kilometers an hour
小題2:The usual size of cars today is _______ that of the future cars.
A．much smaller thanB．much the same as
C．three times as large asD．a(chǎn) little larger than
小題3: Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Big cars cost more to own and to drive
B．Big cars are not useful for long trips
C．The cars of the future will be smaller than today’s cars.
D．Small cars are slower than big cars.
小題4:The street will be less crowded because ______________.
A there will be fewer cars in the future
B. driving future cars will be safer
C. there will be fewer passengers in the street
D. future cars will be much smaller
小題5: Two sets of roads may be needed in the future because_________.
A．there will be too many cars in the future
B．more and more people will get around a city
C．bit cars and little cars may be used along with each other
D．it looks more beautiful to have two sets of roads

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第二節(jié)完型填空（共20小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分40分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36—55各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)
Some of you must have complained why there are so many English words that you have to memorize every day.   36  , do you know how many words the English language has exactly? Maybe ten thousand, one hundred thousand, or   37  one million!
Every 98 minutes, there is a new English word being   38  . Last time when words were being   39  to the language at this rate was during the   40   of William Shakespeare. The   41  popularity of English has   42   the most fertile (豐富的) period of word creation. About 1.53 billion people speak English as a   43 , a second or a business language. The Global Language Monitor,   44   in the state of Texas in the US, has been recording English word creation since 2003. Now, there are almost one million English words.
Words that are predicted to be the one millionth   45   “defollow”, “defriend”, “noob”, and “greenwashing”. “Defollow” and “defriend” are Internet words,   46   what users do with a person they do not wish to   47  in touch with on the Internet. “Noob” is an offending name for someone new   48   a particular task or community. The word “greenwashing”   49   what companies do to appear   50  friendly. And “chiconomics” means a difficult time in fashion. Of course, there is a   51   that the one millionth word will be a sixth choice. The Global Language Monitor once   52  that the millionth English word would be “imminent” in 2006, but the organization has   53  that expected date  54 once. Other experts have   55   doubts about its methods because they don’t think that there is an agreement about how to classify a word.
36．A．However  B．Besides     C．Moreover  D．Therefore
37．A．ever  B．never C．even  D．sometimes
38．A．commented      B．created     C．memorized       D．motivated
39．A．a(chǎn)dded       B．a(chǎn)cquired   C．a(chǎn)dopted    D．devoted
40．A．years B．days  C．months     D．hours
41．A．a(chǎn)ppropriate      B．widespread       C．fundamental     D．a(chǎn)wful
42．A．taken B．led    C．found       D．brought
43．A．physical    B．social       C．primary    D．typical
44．A．lay    B．located     C．built  D．found
45．A．conclude   B．include     C．have  D．set
46．A．saying      B．writing     C．describing D．a(chǎn)ccounting
47．A．lose   B．pay   C．have  D．stay
48．A．with  B．of     C．to      D．a(chǎn)t
49．A．refers to   B．prefers to  C．comes to   D．sticks to
50．A．constantly B．eventually C．environmentally      D．finally
51．A．fact   B．possibility C．result D．bond
52．A．published  B．declared    C．expected   D．claimed
53．A．put up      B．put off      C．put down  D．put out
54．A．more than B．other than C．rather than       D．less than
55．A．expressed  B．instructed  C．a(chǎn)ssociated D．consulted

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Children are our future, and it’s up to us to arm them with the tools to succeed. Sadly, today’s children are being armed with more dangerous tools like weapons （武器）, drugs and gangs. Once a relatively peaceful environment, many schoolyards of today are becoming unsafe for both students and teachers.
Home schools are available to give you choices. Home schooling provides top-quality education, flexibility, and freedom to create your own schedule. At Heritage Home School we believe the choice should be yours. Thanks in part to modern technology, home schooling information is becoming readily available across our nation. A recent study by the ITBS （Iowa Tests of Basic Skills） and TAP （Tests of Achievement and Proficiency） shows us that students of home schools do particularly well when compared with the nationwide average. In every subject at every grade level, students of home schooling scored obviously higher than those in public and private schools.
If you’re new to home schooling, you may be asking yourself, “Will home schools really work for my children?”
Fact: A nationwide study using a random（任意）selection of 1,516 families found students of home schooling to be scoring, on average, at or above the 80th percentile in all areas on standardized achievement test.
Note: The national average on standardized achievement tests is the 50th percentile. Collectively, the staff at Heritage Home School brings 65 years of experience in home schooling curriculum. We’ve placed students in the top 2 % of the nation in math and many are successfully moving on to college.
One study found that of the home schooled adults, 0% were unemployed, 0% were on welfare and 94% said home education prepared them to be independent persons. For more home schooling information, call us today toll free at（877）532-7665.
小題1:We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.
A．many schools armed their students with weapons
B．violence and crime exist in many schoolyards
C．students use weapons to defend their schoolyards
D．weapons are more dangerous than drugs
小題2:All of the following are true of home schools EXCEPT that ________.
A．students are free to choose their courses
B．students do well in important national tests
C．they help students find jobs
D．they help students to be independent
小題3:What is the purpose of the text?
A．To give information about different schools.
B．To compare home schools with other schools.
C．To suggest a new method of school education.
D．To persuade people to choose home schools.
小題4:The advertisement is mainly aimed at ________.
A．studentsB．parentsC．teachersD．a(chǎn)dults

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第二節(jié)完形填空 (共20小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分20分)
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
I have enjoyed this memory for many years - with gratitude for such an act of kindness.
“You probably don’t remember me,” she began, “   36   I have come back to apply for Graduation with Distinction.” And then she   37   a piece of paper from her bag and gave it to me to read. It was my   38__, but I didn’t remember writing it.
As the Assistant Director of the Honors Programs at the university, one of my   39   was to review student transcripts (成績(jī)報(bào)告單) to make sure they met   40   for continuing in Honors. It was not uncommon for freshmen to have a rough start and be   41   that they could no longer continue in Honors after their first semester (學(xué)期).
Sometimes second semester report cards would be sent to us anyway,   42   students were no longer in the program.
The note she handed me   43  , “Congratulations on your   44   second semester. While I know you may have been   45   by your low grades, you should feel wonderfully proud of how you have turned your effort around. That is a(n)   46   achievement! Best of luck in keeping up the good work, and remember with a 3.5 average  (which you can do) by your last semester, you will   47   requirements for Graduation with Distinction.”
I didn’t remember sending the   48   handwritten(and not very neatly) on the bottom of her   49   semester transcript.
The student went on and said, “You can’t know what this   50   to me. I have carried it for three years and pulled it out   51   I didn’t want to do my work. For three years I have been planning on walking into your office and giving you this note and this transcript.” She handed me her   52   transcript, 3.502. “I would like the paperwork for Graduation with Distinction.”
She cried and I wanted to. To   53   the note seemed like   54   to me, but had meant so much to her. I   55   had no idea my actions had such meaning.
36. A. when   B. so         C. and       D. but
37. A. pulled out   B. put away       C. wrote down   D. picked up
38. A. behavior     B. handwriting    C. pen      D. possession
39. A. dreams    B. ideas      C. jobs      D. plans
40. A. purposes     B. orders     C. needs      D. requirements
41. A. explained    B. hidden   C. warned     D. informed
42. A. even though       B. as long as  C. as though      D. so that
43. A. told     B. read       C. pronounced   D. sent
44. A. tiring       B. puzzling        C. excellent        D. poor
45. A. excited     B. amazed     C. satisfied    D. disappointed
46. A. real         B. false        C. impressive D. impossible
47. A. miss         B. meet       C: reduce      D. borrow.
48. A. note      B. parcel     C. card      D. memory
49. A. second     B. third      C. fourth    D. first
50. A. suggested  B. meant    C. adapted    D. happened
51. A. anyway    B. anywhere       C. anyhow    D. anytime
52. A. worst      B. smallest   C. latest      D. oldest
53. A. write       B. get        C. receive      D. copy
54. A. something        B. everything     C. anything D. nothing
55. A. reasonably       B. really      C. slightly     D. probably

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