Question

Play allows children to use their creativity while developing their imagination and physical, cognitive (認(rèn)知的), and emotional strength. Play is important to healthy brain development. Play allows children to create and explore a world they can master, conquering their fears while practicing adult roles. Undirected play allows children to learn how to work in groups, to share, to negotiate, and to resolve conflicts.

??? Ideally, much of play involves adults, but when play is controlled by adults, children acquiesce (順從) to adult rules and concerns and lose some of the benefits play offers them, particularly in developing creativity, leadership, and group skills. In contrast to passive entertainment, play builds active, healthy bodies. In fact, it has been suggested that encouraging unstructured play may be an exceptional way to increase physical activity levels in children, which is one important strategy in the resolution of the obesity problem.

??? Children’s development is critically influenced by appropriate, affective relationships with loving and consistent caregivers as they relate to children through play. When parents observe their children in play or join with them in child-driven play, they are given a unique opportunity to see the world from their children’s vantage point as the child navigates a world perfectly created just to fit his or her needs. The interactions that occur through play tell children that parents are fully paying attention to them and help to build enduring relationships. Parents who have the opportunity to look at their children’s world learn to communicate more effectively with their children and are given another setting to offer guidance. Less verbal children may be able to express their views, giving their parents an opportunity to gain a fuller understanding of their perspective. Quite simply, play offers parents a wonderful opportunity to engage fully with their children.

??? Play is essential to the academic environment. It ensures that the school setting attends to the social and emotional development of children as well as their cognitive development. It has been shown to help children adjust to the school setting and even to strengthen children’s learning willingness. Social-emotional learning is best integrated (融合) with academic learning; it is concerning if some of the forces that enhance children’s ability to learn are improved at the expense of others. Play and unscheduled time that allow for peer interactions are important components of social-emotional learning.

1.Compared with undirected play, play which is controlled by adults ________.

A. doesn’t benefit the children at all

B. doesn’t help develop leadership and group skills

C. makes children become more active

D. helps increase physical activity levels

2.The third paragraph mainly tells us that ________.

A. play offers parents a good chance to establish good relationships with children

B. children’s development is greatly influenced by relationships with parents

C. play helps children better express their views

D. play offers parents a unique opportunity to see the world from a different perspective

3.From the last paragraph, we know that ________.

A. play can’t help children become adapted to the school setting

B. play makes social-emotional learning and academic learning separated

C. play is beneficial to social-emotional learning as well as academic learning

D. it is necessary to strengthen children’s academic development at the expense of others

4.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Undirected play can help children develop team spirit.

B. Play can improve children’s willingness to learn.

C. Play helps adults gain a better understanding of the children’s thoughts.

D. Adults shouldn’t be involved in children’s play.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

1.B

2.A

3.C

4.D

【解析】

試題分析：本文介紹了游戲玩耍在孩子的各項(xiàng)能力的發(fā)展培養(yǎng)中很重要，它既可以幫助父母了解孩子的世界，與孩子建立良好關(guān)系，還可以提高孩子的社會(huì)情感學(xué)習(xí)能力和學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)能力。

1.細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)第二段中“when play is controlled by adults, children acquiesce (順從) to adult rules and concerns and lose some of the benefits play offers them, particularly in developing creativity, leadership, and group skills”當(dāng)游戲是由成年人控制的時(shí)候，孩子們會(huì)順從大人的規(guī)則和關(guān)注點(diǎn)，失去了一部分游戲給他們帶來的益處，特別是創(chuàng)造力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力和組織能力的發(fā)展。故選B。

2.推理題，根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“ Quite simply, play offers parents a wonderful opportunity to engage fully with their children.”非常簡(jiǎn)單，游戲提供給父母一個(gè)能夠和孩子全心全意一起玩的好機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)常理可知以孩子的角度和孩子一起玩可以增加親子關(guān)系。故選A。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)最后一段中“ It has been shown to help children adjust to the school setting”它已經(jīng)被證明可以幫助孩子適應(yīng)學(xué)校環(huán)境，故A錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)最后一段中“ Social-emotional learning is best integrated (融合) with academic learning;”社會(huì)情感學(xué)習(xí)和學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)是融合在一起的，可知B錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)最后一段中“It ensures that the school setting attends to the social and emotional development of children as well as their cognitive development”它能確保在學(xué)校環(huán)境中孩子的社會(huì)情感發(fā)展和他們的認(rèn)知發(fā)展一樣好。因此C正確；根據(jù)最后一段中“it is concerning if some of the forces that enhance children’s ability to learn are improved at the expense of others.”如果犧牲其它能力發(fā)展來強(qiáng)迫提高孩子的學(xué)習(xí)能力，這令人感到擔(dān)憂，由此可知D錯(cuò)誤。故選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)第一段中“ Undirected play allows children to learn how to work in groups, to share, to negotiate, and to resolve conflicts.”無指導(dǎo)的游戲可以使孩子們學(xué)到如何在團(tuán)隊(duì)工作、分享、談判、解決沖突。由此可知A正確；根據(jù)最后一段中“ even to strengthen children’s learning willingness”甚至加強(qiáng)孩子學(xué)習(xí)意愿，因此B正確；根據(jù)第三段中“giving their parents an opportunity to gain a fuller understanding of their perspective”給他們父母一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)更全面了解他們的觀點(diǎn)，由此可知C正確；閱讀文章第三段內(nèi)容可知家長與孩子在一起玩才能更好地了解孩子的思想，和孩子建立緊密的親子關(guān)系，因此D錯(cuò)誤。故選D。

考點(diǎn)：考查科教類短文