A successful scientist is generally a good observer.  He makes full 36  of the facts he observes.  He doesn’t accept ideas which are not  37   on obvious facts,  and therefore refuses to accept authority as the only   38   for truth.  He always  39    ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of    40    science may perhaps be considered to    41   as far back as the    42    of Roger Bacon,  the wonderful philosopher of Oxford,  who live    43    the years 1214 and 1292.  He was probably the first in the Middle    44    to suggest that we must learn science    45    observing and experimenting on the things around us,  and he himself    46   many important discoveries.
Galileo,  however,  who lived more than 300 years later (1564-1642),  was the greatest of several great men,     47    in Italy,  France,  Germany,  or England,  began by    48    to show how many important    49    could be discovered by observation.  Before Galileo,  learned men believed that large bodies fell more    50    towards the earth than small ones,     51    Aristotle said so.  But Galileo,  going to the    52     of the leaning Tower of Pisa,  let fall two  53    stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.  It was Galileo’s    54    of going direct to Nature,  and proving our    55    and theories by experiment,  that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
小題1:
A．useB．timeC．speedD．trust
小題2:
A．workedB．basedC．livedD．written
小題3:
A．reasonB．causeC．a(chǎn)dviceD．result
小題4:
A．thinksB．checksC．hasD．learn
小題5:
A．naturalB．physicalC．a(chǎn)ncientD．modern
小題6:
A．dateB．keepC．lookD．take
小題7:
A．studyB．timeC．yearD．birth
小題8:
A．bothB．eachC．betweenD．a(chǎn)mong
小題9:
A．SchoolsB．AgesC．DaysD．Count
小題10:
A．inB．withC．onD．by
小題11:
A．didB．madeC．tookD．gave
小題12:
A．whoB．whenC．thatD．where
小題13:
A．waysB．degreesC．levelsD．chance
小題14:
A．truthsB．problemsC．peopleD．subjects
小題15:
A．slowlyB．rapidlyC．lightlyD．heavily
小題16:
A．a(chǎn)lthoughB．becauseC．whenD．If
小題17:
A．placeB．footC．topD．ceiling
小題18:
A．bigB．smallC．equalD．unequal
小題19:
A．spiritB．skillC．theoryD．discovery
小題20:
A．plansB．opinions C．worldD．a(chǎn)bility

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:A
小題4:B
小題5:D
小題6:A
小題7:B
小題8:C
小題9:B
小題10:B
小題11:B
小題12:A
小題13:B
小題14:A
小題15:B
小題16:B
小題17:C
小題18:D
小題19:A
小題20:B

試題分析：本文主要以某些科學(xué)家他們的做法為例來(lái)說(shuō)明觀察和實(shí)驗(yàn)在科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)中的重要性，科學(xué)真理必須以事實(shí)為根據(jù)，必須通過(guò)實(shí)踐來(lái)檢驗(yàn)。
小題1:考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。 A. use 使用；B.time時(shí)間；C.speed速度；D. trust相信。make use of 利用;使用；make full use of 充分利用。根據(jù)A successful scientist is generally a good observer.他充分利用他觀察到的任何事實(shí)，故選A。
小題2:考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. worked 工作；B.based基礎(chǔ)；C.lived 居��；D.written寫(xiě)。be based on/upon 以……為基礎(chǔ)；基于…….根據(jù)He makes full 36 of the facts he observes.他不能接受不以事實(shí)為依據(jù)（be based on/upon）的觀點(diǎn)，故選B。
小題3:考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A.  reason原因；B.cause原因；C.advice建議；D.result結(jié)果。reason 能夠?qū)σ粋�(gè)事物的發(fā)生或它的性質(zhì)作出解釋的東西；它與for連用；cause 是導(dǎo)致一個(gè)事物發(fā)生的條件或原因。它與 of連用.根據(jù)句子意思，是指“不能接受某種權(quán)威來(lái)說(shuō)明真理的合法性”，應(yīng)用reason。故選A。
小題4:考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. thinks認(rèn)為；B.checks 檢查；C.has 有；D.learn學(xué)會(huì)。check. v. 證明無(wú)誤, 核對(duì)無(wú)誤。意思最恰當(dāng)。他總是要檢查一下這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)并且做很多實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)證明它，故選B。
小題5:考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. natural 自然的；B.physical 物理的；C.ancient古代的；D.modern現(xiàn)代的。根據(jù)最后一句話(huà)中has led to all the discoveries of modern science. 的modern science“現(xiàn)代科學(xué)”，此處選modern意思最恰當(dāng)。故選D。
小題6:考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。 A. date日期；date back 詞組，意為“回溯至”。 B.keep 保持；C.look 看；D.take拿。現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的時(shí)代最遠(yuǎn)能追溯到（date back）培根時(shí)代，故選A。
小題7:考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。 A. study 學(xué)習(xí)；B.time n. 這里指“時(shí)代，年代”。C. year 年；D.birth出生�，F(xiàn)代科學(xué)的時(shí)代最遠(yuǎn)能追溯到（date back）培根時(shí)代（time），故選B。
小題8:考查代詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A.  both  兩者都；B.each每個(gè)；C.between與and連用，表示“在……和……之間”;D.among表示三者以上。培根生活在1214-1292期間，故選C。
小題9:考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. Schools學(xué)校； B.Ages，The Middle Ages n.中世紀(jì)；中古時(shí)代，專(zhuān)有名詞。C.Days天；D.Count計(jì)數(shù)；他可能是中古時(shí)代（he Middle Ages）的第一個(gè)讓我們通過(guò)對(duì)我們周?chē)挛锏挠^察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)學(xué)科學(xué)，故選B。
小題10:考查介詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。by + doing 表示“通過(guò)做……（的途徑）”，慣用法；with + sth 表示“用……（來(lái)做……）”。他可能是中古時(shí)代的第一個(gè)讓我們通過(guò)對(duì)我們周?chē)挛锏挠^察和實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)學(xué)科學(xué)，故選B。
小題11:考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。make, do 與名詞有固定搭配關(guān)系：do + one’s best / one’s duty / sb a favour / harm / good /…；make + a discovery / an appointment / arrangements / a bed / a change / a decision…這里是make discoveries他自己有了很大的發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選B。
小題12:考查連詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。 A. who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾 great men ； B.when在定語(yǔ)從句中只能作狀語(yǔ)；C.that 不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句； D.where在定語(yǔ)從句中只能作狀語(yǔ)；根據(jù)句意故選 A。
小題13:考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. ways 方法；B.degrees， by degrees 詞組，相當(dāng)于副詞，意為：逐漸地。C.levels 水平；D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。伽利略逐漸地顯示出通過(guò)觀察而得到的事實(shí)是多么地重要，故選B。
小題14:考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。 A. truths 事實(shí)；B.problems問(wèn)題；C. people人們； D. subjects學(xué)科。根據(jù)上文意思，He doesn’t accept ideas which are not on obvious facts應(yīng)為：truths. 事實(shí), 真理, 原理，故選A。
小題15:考查副詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。 A. slowly慢慢地；B.rapidly迅速地； C.lightly輕輕地； D.heavily重重地。rapidly. adv. 快，迅速地。意思最恰當(dāng)。根據(jù)常識(shí)在伽利略以前有學(xué)問(wèn)的科學(xué)家都認(rèn)為大的物體比小的物體落地要快，故選B。
小題16:考查連詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A.  although 盡管；B.because因?yàn)椋?C.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候； D.If如果。根據(jù)句子意思，應(yīng)為because conj. 因?yàn)樵谫だ砸郧坝袑W(xué)問(wèn)的科學(xué)家都認(rèn)為大的物體比小的物體落地要快，因?yàn)閬喞锸慷嗟率沁@樣說(shuō)的，故選 B。
小題17:考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。 A.  place地方；B. foot腳； C. top頂部；D. ceiling天花板。根據(jù)常識(shí)但是伽利略走到比薩的斜塔的頂部，拿著兩個(gè)不等重量的石頭，要證明亞里士多德是錯(cuò)誤的，故選C。
小題18:考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. big大的；B. small小的； C. equal相等的；D.unequal不等的。根據(jù)上文Before Galileo,  learned men believed that large bodies fell more        towards the earth than small ones, Aristotle said so. 可知他必須拿著不同大小的球做實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)證明，故選D。
小題19:考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. spirit精神；B. skill 技術(shù)； C. theory 理論；D. discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)。spirit of going direct to Nature對(duì)自然不斷探索的精神。 science spirit 科學(xué)精神；world spirit時(shí)代精神, 世界潮流。根據(jù)上文可知伽利略對(duì)自然不斷探索的精神，故選A。
小題20:考查名詞及語(yǔ)境的理解。A. plans計(jì)劃； B. opinions 意為“觀點(diǎn)”，“通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明我們的觀點(diǎn)和理論”。 C. world世界； D. ability 能力。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)證明我們的觀點(diǎn)和理論，從而導(dǎo)致了現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的出現(xiàn)，故選B。 
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Sometime early in the next century, human beings will move to Mars. They will live there for about a year, and then will be replaced with another group of pioneers. Building the base on Mars will advance our knowledge of the solar system and aid in our understanding of the earth.
We already know that Mars resembles the earth in many aspects: general size, presence of water, length of day, range of temperatures. These resemblances have caused many people to consider a centuries-long project: to terraform Mars. Terraforming means altering a planet’s surface so that Earth’s life forms can survive there. This concept, previously found only in science fiction is now being seriously considered by scientists.
Terraforming Mars is theoretically simple: add nitrogen and oxygen to the atmosphere; pump water to the surface; and add the earth’s plants and animals in the order in which they developed on Earth. But it will take at least 300 years.
Some people think that such a project is too huge for humans to undertake, but there are very good reasons to make the attempt. The earth now contains some 6 billion people, and no one has any idea of how many humans the earth can support. Our very existence and numbers are threatening many other species. We also have had some experience with terraforming our own planet: altering the landscape, the atmosphere and the climate. Currently terraforming earth has become a wiser activity as we try to control global warming, air and water pollution, and preserve some natural living places.
While the possibility of such a project is small, it is not impossible .Even if earth –bound societies come and go in the next 300 years, the project can continue through the work of the Mars settlers without the need for constant backing from the earth.
The future existence of all the people in our world may very well depend upon our ability to terraform Mars.
小題1:What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Terraforming Mars.B．Saving the Earth
C．Travelling to Mars.D．A Newly-found Place
小題2:What does the underlined word “altering” mean in the second paragraph?
A．Warming.B．Changing.C．Planting.D．Building
小題3:According to the passage the main purpose of terraforming Mars is to ________.
A．do some scientific research work
B．find out its similarity to earth
C．a(chǎn)void the dying away of many other species
D．find on Mars living place for the increasing human beings
小題4:The main reason for causing many people to consider terraforming Mars is that _______.
A．there are some resemblances between Earth and Mars.
B．terraforming Mars is theoretically simple
C．we have had some experience with terraforming our own planet: Earth
D．the development of science and technology is very rapid
小題5:What’s the author’s attitude towards the project?
A．Optimistic.B．Negative
C．Sceptical（懷疑的）D．Objective.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The past week was possibly the most eventful in the history of customer technology markets,or to be precise, the 7-inch (17.8-cm) tablet (平板電腦)market. Never before have three of thebiggest players in the industry scheduled what could be truly historic productlaunches (上市）so close together.
Despite its name, the 7.9-inch iPad Mini is one of the largest among the mini-tablets. It's gotall the aesthetics of its earlier 9.7-inch iPad and is unbelievably thin-just 7.2 mm, 23 percentthinner than the iPad.
Apple's iPad Mini
Release date: Nov 2,2012 (Wi-Fi version)
Operating system: iOS 6
Size: 19.9 x 13.5 x 0.7 cm
Prices: $329 (16GB Wi-Fi), $429 (32GB Wi-Fi), $519 (64GB Wi-Fi), or $459 (16GB Data)
$559 (32GB Data), $659 (64GB Data)
Google may have been forced to cancel its Android event in New York City on Oct 29 due to the threat of hurricane Sandy, but that isn't stopping it from making same big announcements. For starters, Google has confirmed (證實(shí)）that the Nexus 10 will be running Android 4.2 out of the box, so get excited. It will also come equipped with a 10-inch display running at an impressive 2560x1600 resolution. On the inside, it'll have a A15 dual-core (雙核）processor running alongside 2GB of RAM(內(nèi)存)，so expect the Nexus 10 to be a speedy little tablet. Google's Nexus 10 Release date: Nov 13，2012 Operating system: Android 4.2 Jelly Bean Size: 26.4 x 17.8x0.9 cm Prices: $399 (16GB), $449 (32GB)
Microsoft's Surface is a bold product with some great touches. It doesn't feature a camera and focuses on Office software, which suggests Microsoft is focusing this product on an executive toy. There's no 3G connection (only Wi-Fi) so owners won't have to worry about an extra contract.
The real delight, however, is Metro, the impressive navigation interface (導(dǎo)航界面).It is beautifully designed with brightly colored squares for navigation. Pre-orders for Surface in the US sold out over the weekend, so it would seem customers are excited.
Microsoft's Surface
Release date: Oct 26,2012
Operating system: Windows 8 RT
Size: 27.5 x 17.2 x 0.9 cm
Prices: $499 (32GB M-Fi)
小題1:What can be inferred from the first paragraph?
A．The three biggest companies made a new product together.
B．A technology has been introduced to tablet industry.
C．The three companies launched their new products nearly at the same time.
D．The tablet market, in October was out of control.
小題2:What is the 7.9-inch iPad Mini's major contribution to the customers?
A．Wi-Fi versionB．Operating system
C．Prices D．Size
小題3:How many technologies will be introduced to the Nexus 10 according to Google?
A．6B．5C．4D．3
小題4:Which tablet with 32GB Wi-Fi is the most expensive?
A．Microsoft's Surface.B．Apple's iPad Mini.
C．Google's Nexus 10.D．A15 dual-core processor.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People diet to look more attractive．Fish diet to avoid being beaten up，thrown out of their social group，and getting eaten as a result．That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists．
　　The research team have discovered that subordinate(低一等的) fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors．"In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals，a male and female，had breeding（繁殖）rights within the group，" explains Marian Wong．"All other group members are nonbreeding females，each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor．We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation．"
　　The reason for the size difference was easy to see．Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group．More often than not，the evicted fish is then eaten up．
　　It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish．Whether they did so voluntarily，by restraining how much they ate，was not clear．The research team decided to do an experiment．They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened．To their surprise，the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered，clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights，over having a feast．
　　The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group．Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves，so keeping their competitors small．
　　While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious，Dr．Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understand how hierarchical（等級(jí)的）societies remain stable．
　　The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans．"As yet，we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，" the researchers comment．"Data on human dieting suggests that，while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness，rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal．"
小題1:When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor，it _________．
A．leaves the group itselfB．has breeding rights
C．eats its competitorD．faces danger
小題2:The underlined words "the evicted fish" in Paragraph 3 refer to _________．
A．the fish beaten up B．the fish driven away
C．the fish found outD．the fish fattened up
小題3:The experiment showed that the smaller fish _________．
A．fought over a feastB．preferred some extra food
C．challenged the boss fishD．went on diet willingly
小題4:What is the text mainly about?
A．Fish dieting and human dieting．B．Dieting and health．
C．Human dieting．D．Fish dieting．

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