4.Speaking at a forum on student achievement last night,Professor Stephen Dinham,Chair of Teacher Education at the University of Melbourne's Graduate School of Education,said attempts to improve student self-esteem(自尊) in unreal ways,such as avoiding criticism and handing out unearned praise,are failing some of our most vulnerable (脆弱的) students.
"We know self-esteem does influence student achievement but,unfortunately,some schools attempt to do this in unreal ways,such as avoiding negative criticism and providing only‘positive reinforcement'.If we over-inflate(過分吹捧) student self-esteem in this manner,they will struggle when they get out into the wide world,"he told the audience at last night's University of Melbourne alumni event.
Professor Dinham pointed out schools focusing too much on"welfare",particularly in low socioeconomic areas,create a low expectations model that leads students to low achievement.However,schools focusing too much on the"academic"at the expense of the personal are getting it wrong,too.
"The‘welfare'and the‘a(chǎn)cademic'approaches are both wrong.What research shows is that the best teachers and schools,including those in disadvantaged areas,have a balanced focus on every student as a learner and a person.We can actually build up student self-esteem by ensuring every student feels they are achieving success and making progress.We do this by providing meaningful feedback(反饋)-which includes constructive criticism."
According to Professor Dinham,a fundamental mistake was made in the 1960s when,in line with wider social changes,schools rightly became more responsive to students as individuals.Mistakenly,being responsive to students was interpreted as also being less demanding and many schools therefore became more permissive.
The best teaching style is one where high responsiveness to individual student needs is combined with demands for students to achieve their best academically and conform to (符合,使…一致) acceptable standards of behavior.Real achievement is the best way to boost self-esteem,which can then lead to further success,he said.
67.We improve a student self-esteem in unreal ways if weC.
A.give him praise now and then
B.don't provide meaningful feedback
C.don't give them the necessary criticism
D.focus too much on his academic performance
68.If we avoid negative criticism and provide only"positive reinforcement",a student willB.
A.fail the school
B.have problems in the real world
C.become more confident in himself
D.make good progress in academics
69.What Kind of mistake was made in the 1960s?B
A.The school was too strict with the students
B.The school became less demanding of the students
C.The students were given too much permissive remarks
D.The students were too much influenced by social changes
70.Which of the following is the best way to improve students'self-esteem?D
A.Responding to individual student needs
B.Making students acquire right behaviors
C.Giving them encouragement and praise
D.Having them make real achieveement.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了學校試圖提高學生的自尊(自尊)在虛幻的方式是不對的,這只會造成更多社會問題,真正的成就是提高自尊的最好方式.
解答 67.C.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第一段:said attempts to improve student self-esteem(自尊) in unreal ways,such as avoiding criticism and handing out unearned praise可知試圖提高學生的自尊(自尊)在虛幻的方式,如避免批評和分發(fā)不應得的贊揚;故選C.
68.B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第二段:If we over-inflate(過分吹捧) student self-esteem in this manner,they will struggle when they get out into the wide world可知如果我們避免負面批評,只提供"積極的強化",學生就會有更多社會問題;故選B.
69.B.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段:in line with wider social changes,schools rightly became more responsive to students as individuals可知20世紀60年代學校對學生要求不高了;故選B.
70.D.細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)最后一段:Real achievement is the best way to boost self-esteem,which can then lead to further success,he said可知真正的成就是提高自尊的最好方式;故選D.
點評 考察學生的細節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實,要根據(jù)文章事實進行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.