Question

18．Job sharing refers to the situation in which two people divide the responsibility of one full time job．The two people willingly act as part-time workers，enough hours between them to fulfill the duties of a full-time worker．If they each work half the job，for example，they each receive 50percent of the job's wages，its holidays and its other benefits．
Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas，which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment．
Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing，which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job，thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people．Job sharing，by contrast，is not designed to deal with unemployment problems； its focus，rather，is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities．
As would be expected，most job sharers are women．A survey carried out in 2010by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission showed that 78per cent of sharers were female，the majority of whom were，between 20and 40years of age．Subsequent studies have come up with similar results．Many of these women were reentering the job market after having had children，but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status．Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence．
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs．However，to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed，each person needs to know the strengths，weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position．Moreover，there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones．In sum，for a position to be job-shared well，the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS．）

81．What is work sharing designed to do？
to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals
82．According to paragraph 4，why did young mothers prefer job sharing to conventional part-time work？
Because the part-time work is lower status and job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work．
83．In job sharing the partners shouldbe well matched and must treat each other as equals．
84．The main purpose of the passage is tointroduce job sharing to us．．

Answer 1

分析 本文主要介紹了工作分擔(dān)相對(duì)于兼職工作的一些好處和優(yōu)勢(shì)．

解答 81  to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals
82 Because the part-time work is lower status  and job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work．
83  be well matched and must treat each other as equals
84  introduce job sharing to us．
81  細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章第 三段its focus，rather，is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities． 可知工作分擔(dān)的目的是給技能工人和專家提供自由并且高薪的工作，故答案為to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals
82  細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章第四 段but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status．Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence． 可知年輕的母親不喜歡兼職工作的低收入，而喜歡工作分擔(dān)能使她們更快的接受全職工作的轉(zhuǎn)變，故答案為Because the part-time work is lower status  and job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work．
83  細(xì)節(jié)題． 根據(jù)文章最后一段In sum，for a position to be job-shared well，the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals 可知伙伴應(yīng)該相互配合并且公平對(duì)待，故答案為be well matched and must treat each other as equals
84  主旨大意題．  通讀全文可知本文主要介紹了工作分擔(dān)相對(duì)于兼職工作的一些好處和優(yōu)勢(shì)．故答案為introduce job sharing to us．

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