Fumbling with the buttons to find a good song while driving has been linked to increased risk of crashes, but is listening to music risky? “It depends on the music,” says a report published in the October issue of Accident Analysis & Prevention.
The study found teenage drivers who played their own music had significantly more traffic violations（違規(guī)） compared with background music designed by the researchers to minimize driving distractions, or no music.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University in Israel recruited(招募) 85 drivers about 18 years old; just over half were male. The subjects were each assigned to drive six challenging road trips that were about 40 minutes long, accompanied by an experienced driving instructor. Music was played on four trips, two with selections from the drivers' playlists, mostly fast-paced vocals, and two with background music, which was a mixture of easy listening, soft rock and light jazz designed to increase driver safety. No music was played on two trips. Subjects rated their mood after each trip and in-car data recorders analyzed driver behavior and errors.
All 85 subjects committed at least three errors in one or more of the six trips; 27 received a warning and 17 required steering or braking by an instructor to prevent an accident. When the music was their own, 98% made errors; without the music, 92% made errors; and while listening to the safe-driving music, 77% made errors. Speeding, following too close, inappropriate lane use, one-handed driving and were the common violations.
The male subjects were more aggressive drivers and made more serious errors than female subjects. The teens played their own music at a very loud volume but significantly decreased the sound level when listening to the safe-driving music, researchers said. Mood ratings were highest on trips with driver-preferred music.
【小題1】What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?
| A．Many drivers played their favorite music while driving. |
| B．Drivers shouldn’t search for the buttons to find a good song. |
| C．Song selection has nothing to do with increased risk of crashes. |
| D．Listening to certain types of music can increase drivers’ errors. |
| A．Something being discussed. | B．People being written about. |
| C．People being tested. | D．Areas of knowledge or study. |
| A．increase drivers’ safety |
| B．a(chǎn)dd to the pleasure of driving |
| C．change drivers’ idea of safe driving |
| D．lower drivers’ guard against danger |
| A．the teens committed the most errors |
| B．the male were more skillful in driving |
| C．traveling with no music made the least errors |
| D．driver-preferred music increased the mood ratings |
【小題1】D
【小題2】C
【小題3】A
【小題4】D
解析試題分析：文章介紹了一項調(diào)查結(jié)果，司機(jī)在聽某種音樂的時候，會增加錯誤的頻率，而實驗表明，慢搖滾和輕爵士樂可能會增加司機(jī)的安全，在聽自己喜歡的音樂的時候，司機(jī)的情緒評級是最高的。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題：從第一段的句子：Fumbling with the buttons to find a good song while driving has been linked to increased risk of crashes, but is listening to music risky? “It depends on the music,”可知作者想要表示的是：聽某種音樂會增加司機(jī)的錯誤，選D
【小題2】猜詞題：從文章第三段的句子：Researchers at Ben-Gurion University in Israel recruited(招募) 85 drivers about 18 years old; just over half were male.研究人員招募了85個18歲左右的司機(jī)，一半以上是男性，下面說The subjects were each assigned to drive six challenging road trips that were about 40 minutes long,每個被分配了大約40分鐘的6個有挑戰(zhàn)的駕駛?cè)蝿?wù)，可知“ subjects”指的是“接受測試的人”，選C
【小題3】細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第三段的句子：two with background music, which was a mixture of easy listening, soft rock and light jazz designed to increase driver safety.可知慢搖滾和輕爵士樂可能會增加司機(jī)的安全，選A
【小題4】推理題：從文章最后一段的句子：Mood ratings were highest on trips with driver-preferred music.
可以推斷出司機(jī)喜歡的音樂增加了情緒評級，選D
考點：考查日常生活類短文
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Minimalism (簡約主義) is a term that describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is reduced to its most basic features.
As for me, minimalism functions well not in art or design, but in my daily life.
When I was packing for university, I found it extremely difficult to let go of some of the things I owned. I knew I couldn’t take everything with me, but I kept asking myself “how could I possibly throw this away?”, “what if I need it one day?”, and “what about all of the memories?” Now that I’ve moved, and left that stuff behind, I don’t even miss it. Whether or not I got rid of it, it barely makes a bit of difference to me now.
I’ve learned that over time people forget, or their need for a particular object eventually disappears. Either they store it away or they get rid of it.
You might think nostalgically（懷舊的） about the toys you cared about when you were a child, but what is making you smile now is not the thing itself but the memory of it. 1’ve heard it a hundred times, “you don’t need things to make you happy.” It takes something life-changing like moving across the country to realize how true this is.
Speaking of which, for a lot of people, minimalism is about able to move. It’s about being able to go almost anywhere at any time because you don’t have many possessions to carry. When you keep things you don’t need they become a burden that ties you to a place. Moving to university was a good time to let go of a lot of stuff. And when I visit for the holidays, I’ll probably get rid of even more, to lighten the burden.
Of course there are exceptions. There are some things that are irreplaceable, very rare or expensive or we simply love and cherish for some reason or another, since we are humans. But after we keep those, how much is left that we don’t really need?
Hence, minimalism. And why does minimalism bring happiness? That was a bit of a roundabout way of saying that, it’s because what really makes me happy is freedom. And the key to freedom is minimalism because minimalism reduces our attachment to things.
Attachment to too many objects creates a great mess and can severely hold back our freedom to do whatever we want, while minimalism helps us start new projects, move, travel, learn new things, work, expand, be debt-free, be healthy – really living life to our full potential.
I left the nest to fly onwards and upwards, I can’t do it with old things weighing me down. And that is why I have adopted minimalism with open arms.
【小題1】In paragraph l, the writer gives the definition of minimalism to .
| A．introduce a topic | B．present his own idea |
| C．describe a scene | D．offer an argument |
| A．they haven’t had any life-changing experiences |
| B．they fear their memories will be gone with the thrown-away stuff |
| C．they hope to live life to their full potential by storing things away |
| D．they may have to change their lifestyle because of the loss of them |
| A．It takes the burden off her while she is moving. |
| B．It reduces her attachment to her personal things. |
| C．It enables her to gain the freedom that she desires. |
| D．It helps her to realize how true life is. |
| A．little is left if we keep what we cherish most in our life |
| B．minimalism should be practised accordingly in different situations |
| C．minimalism is a method difficult to employ in reality |
| D．life is full of exceptions so it’s difficult to preserve what we value |
| A．Minimalism brings happiness. |
| B．Minimalism is applied in many fields. |
| C．Minimalism makes people think nostalgically. |
| D．Minimalism is about able to move. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
If English is not your first language, it is a good idea to take English language classes to improve your written and spoken communication skills. There are many ways to learn English. You can learn from a book, a DVD, on the Internet or by attending classes. One of the most successful ways to improve your English is to join a course in a country where English is widely spoken. The more you practice, the more you will learn. But why learn the English language? English is an important language for anyone who is planning to travel or become involved in business.
Many people love traveling, but if their English is poor, it can be difficult to understand signs, read directions and make themselves understood. Before traveling, it is important to understand the culture and customs of the places you visit. Learning basic English before you travel will help you to understand these customs and avoid mistakes that could be embarrassing. When you are traveling, you will also enjoy meeting new people. If you can speak English, you will have a better chance of being able to communicate with the people you meet. Many of your new friends will speak English and others will have English as a second language. Without English, your friendships will be limited as you travel around the world.
If you are involved in business, it is important to be able to communicate in English. The Internet, world travel and modern communication systems have made the world seem like a much smaller place. These days business people interact with customers and other business people from all over the world. That makes your English language skills more important than ever. There are many English language courses that major in business communications. Improving your English skills is one of the best things you could ever do to increase your chances of business success.
【小題1】What kind of people is English important to according to the passage?
| A．Travelers. | B．Teachers. | C．Students. | D．Language experts. |
| A．Traveling around the world with English-speakers. |
| B．Taking a course in an English-speaking country. |
| C．Learning from all kinds of books or DVDs. |
| D．Learning on the Internet by yourselves. |
| A．To have more opportunities to communicate with others. |
| B．To understand the customs of your destination. |
| C．To avoid embarrassing mistakes on your journey. |
| D．To research the causes of cultural differences. |
| A．The more you practice, the more you will learn. |
| B．Doing business helps to improve your communication skills. |
| C．English is important for anyone who is involved in business. |
| D．The Internet has made the world become smaller and smaller. |
| A．learning English well will make you achieve goals more easily |
| B．learning English only aims at achieving business success |
| C．without learning English, your friendships will be limited wherever you are |
| D．you needn’t learn English if you don’t want to travel |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Beginning college is exciting: new ideas to explore, new challenges to be met and many decisions to be made; your future begins here.
However, you will find college life is different from your previous school environment. Many of us can be easily defeated by the details of running a well-balanced life. While some of us may have the know-how, I guess there are more of us who can benefit from learning about the experiences of others who have walked the college halls before you.
The following you may find useful about life on campus:
? Plan well. There are so many new things to do at a new college or university. Give yourself time to make new friends and became familiar with the campus, but don’t forget why you are there. Give some time for social activities and manage your time wisely.
? If you don’t have a “system” for planning your time now (like a day timer, a computer data book), get one. Most of all, don’t depend on your memory.
? Don’t miss the guidelines. The restrictions, rules and regulations of all kinds can usually be found in your student’s handbook. Consider them well-balanced food for thought. What dates are important? What pieces of paper need to be handed in? What can / can’t you do in your student residence（住處）? Who has the right for what? What do you need to complete to graduate?
? Write the word “STUDY” on the walls of your bedroom and bathroom, and maybe it will help to write it on a piece of paper and stick it on the telephone, TV and the kitchen table. Consider this — you are paying thousands of dollars for your course. You pay every time you have to repeat or replace a course.
? Build your identity. This is the time for you to decide what to do and what not to do. Take as much time as you need to explore new ideas. Do not be afraid of the beyond. This is learning to make good choices.
【小題1】What is the main purpose of the passage?
| A．To offer advice on college life. |
| B．To explain why college life is exciting. |
| C．To describe the importance of college life. |
| D．To persuade you to go to college. |
| A．Because you will have more freedom at college. |
| B．Because you will no longer be afraid of the beyond. |
| C．Because you prepare for your future career and life there. |
| D．Because professors there will provide you with many new ideas. |
| A．a(chǎn)n understanding of college communities |
| B．practical knowledge concerning college life |
| C．college halls where rules and regulations are presented |
| D．a(chǎn)n environment completely different from the one you’re used to |
| A．needn’t learn from those who went to college before them |
| B．should spend as much time as possible on social activities |
| C．should know what they have rights for on campus |
| D．a(chǎn)re supposed to repeat or replace at least one course |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
I bought a Paul Smith shirt three months ago. For those who don’t know, Paul Smith is an English designer brand.
His shirts cost about 1,000 yuan and upwards. I paid 50 yuan for my colorful shirt from a street vendor in Beijing.
Of course my shirt was a knockoff, a cheap copy of the brand. After a few washes, little balls formed on the surface of the thin material.
Do I care? Not at all. You get what you pay for.
I have to admit I hate shopping. I don’t care enough about spending money on clothes. I have other priorities.
In You Are What You Wear, US writer Jennifer Baumgartner says people’s clothes tell a story about their personality.
She writes: “The clothes you choose to wear provide important information about you as a person: your approximate education level, your income, social status and even your level of self-esteem (自信).” When I started work as an undercover crime reporter, I had to shop for jeans and a hoodie (連帽衫) in order to fit in with a rough and ready (世故的) social group.
I bought the hoodie in a charity shop. My daughters were shocked. They thought I looked bad, but I knew my disguise was perfect.
Elizabeth L. Cline thinks she knows best when it comes to cheap clothes in her book Overdressed: The Shockingly High Cost of Cheap Fashion. She expresses sadness that clothing has been turned into a good that is thrown away after being used once or twice.
She looks down her nose at cheap fashion and longs for the good old days when department stores sold quality clothes at high prices.
I don’t agree. At least people now can choose what to wear without breaking the bank.
【小題1】The underlined sentence in the article meant that .
| A．I don’t mind spending money on clothes |
| B．there’s not much point spending money on clothes |
| C．it is too much trouble to spend money on clothes |
| D．I never spend money on clothes |
| A．immediately won the admiration of his daughters |
| B．turned out unsuited to his plan |
| C．proved that clothes can’t show a person’s true personality |
| D．had something to do with his income |
| A．express his anger at the poor quality of clothes |
| B．show his disagreement with her idea |
| C．show his dislike for how people treat their clothes |
| D．support her attitude toward spending money on clothes |
| A．The variety of clothes | B．You are what you wear |
| C．High cost of cheap fashion | D．You get what you pay for |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams, the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life, but manners on the road are becoming horrible．Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel．It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter．
Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense．It takes the most cool－h(huán)eaded drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving．On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting．A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions．But such behaviors of politeness are by no means enough．Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it．
However , misplaced politeness can also be dangerous .Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time .The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they want to .
An experienced driver , whose manners are faultless , told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings .Unfortuanately , modern drivers can’t even learn to drive , let alone master the roadmanship .Years ago , experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give –and –take from all road users .It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart .
【小題1】The passage mainly talks about________．
| A．traffic jams | B．road politeness |
| C．good manners | D．modern drivers |
| A．the behavior of the drivers | B．traffic jams |
| C．great speed | D．terrible road conditions |
| A．be able to recognize politeness when he sees it |
| B．beat back when forced to face rude driving |
| C．encourage old ladies to cross the roads whenever they want to |
| D．join in traffic stream quickly however other people feel |
| A．some modern drivers are not good at driving |
| B．road politeness is good sense as well as good manners |
| C．a(chǎn) friendly driver should nod or wave thanks in answer to an act of politeness |
| D．it is also right to have a tiger in the driver's seat |
| A．master roadmanship |
| B．recognize politeness when they see it |
| C．give a friendly nod in answer to an act of politeness |
| D．encourage old ladies to cross the road whenever and wherever they want |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Maiaysia. I was moved.
I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.
It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive. I decided to wave back.
From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.
The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up at Butterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug （擁抱）. I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.
I looked forward to the return journey.
【小題1】The author expected the train trip to be ________.
| A．a(chǎn)dventurous | B．pleasant | C．exciting | D．dull |
| A．The friendly country people. |
| B．The mountains along the way. |
| C．The crowds of people in the streets. |
| D．The simple lunch served on the train. |
| A．choose | B．enjoy | C．prepare for | D．carry on |
| A．Johore Baru. | B．The Causeway. | C．Butterworth. | D．Singapore. |
| A．Comfort in traveling by t rain. |
| B．Pleasure of living in the country. |
| C．Reading gives people delight. |
| D．Smiles brighten people up. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
There’s been a lot of talk about white-and-blue collar（衣領(lǐng)） workers, and you may have even heard of gold collar workers, but lately a new color of collar is making its way into China’s urban vernacular(土話)—green. Green collars say no when work is life and life is work. They choose to get out of the fast lane(車道), and explore new ways of living “green”.
Living green doesn’t mean someone is working as an environmentalist, biologist or scientist. Instead it is more of a lifestyle choice. A typical green collar is well educated like a white-collar but physically tough like a blue-collar, likely born in the 70s or 80s of the last century and living in one of China’s big cities, with a monthly income well above 5,000 yuan(about US $700).
The life of a green collar may go something like this: Turn off the mobile phone after work, eat only healthy food rich in vitamins, go on hikes every weekend, and like to help the underprivileged.
Green collars even have their own club. In Beijing, the Green Collar Club is for people who share a “be happy, healthy and helpful” spirit. The club often holds charity parties and uses the donations for environmental protection and poverty relief projects in China.
“They are successful in their careers, but do not miss the pleasures in life. They have a lot of money, but do not fall slave to it.” said Zuo Shiguang, one of the founding members of the club.
【小題1】What is the passage mainly about?
| A．Differences between white-and-blue collars and green collars. |
| B．The increasing awareness(意識) of environmental protection. |
| C．New trends of life in China’s big cities. |
| D．The lifestyle of green collars. |
| A．they have a large income to use |
| B．they refuse to live an unhealthy life |
| C．they spend a lot of money and time in the open air |
| D．they devote themselves to environmental protection |
| A．Appreciative. | B．Doubtful. | C．Negative(否定的). | D．Neutral(中立的). |
| A．in heavy polluted areas | B．in faraway places |
| C．in a poor state of education | D．in unfavourable(不利的) conditions |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
How many times have you got upset because someone wasn’t doing his job，because your child isn’t behaving？How many times have you been irritated (惱怒的) when you’ve planned something carefully and things didn’t go as you’d hoped?
This kind of anger and irritation happens to all of us—it’s part of the human experiences.
One thing that irritates me is when people talk during a movie，or cut me off in traffic.Actually，I have a lot of these little annoyances—don’t we all？And it isn’t always easy to find peace when you’ve become upset or irritated.
Let me tell you a little secret to finding peace of mind：see_the_glass_as_already_broken.
See，the cause of our stress，anger and irritation is that things don’t go the way we like，the way we expect them to.Think of how many times this has been true for you.And so the solution is simple：expect things to go wrong，expect things to be different than we hoped or planned，expect the unexpected to happen.And accept it.
One quick example：on our recent trip to Japan，I told my kids to expect things to go wrong—they always do on a trip.I told them，“See it as part of the adventure.”
And this worked like a charm.When we inevitably (不可避免地) took the wrong train on a foreignlanguage subway system，or when it rained on the day we went to Disney Sea，or when we took three trains and walked 10 blocks only to find the National Children’s Castle closed on Mondays...they said，“It’s part of the adventure！” And it was all OK—we didn’t get too bothered.
So when the nice glass you bought inevitably falls and breaks some day，you might get upset.But things will be different，if you see the glass as already broken，from the day you get it.You know it’ll break some day，so from the beginning，see it as already broken.Be a timetraveler，or someone with timetraveling vision，and see the future of this glass，from this moment until it inevitably breaks.And when it breaks，you won’t be upset or sad—because it was already broken，from the day you got it.And you’ll realize that every moment you have with it is precious.
【小題1】The author would probably agree that________.
| A．we should control our anger and irritation |
| B．we must get well prepared for the future |
| C．optimism can help us overcome our anger and irritation |
| D．a(chǎn)nger and irritation is a natural part of our life |
| A．tell us his own experience in life |
| B．a(chǎn)dvise us how to find peace of mind |
| C．tell us a happy trip he took with his children |
| D．a(chǎn)sk us to see things from both sides |
| A．get ready for the worst result of things |
| B．enjoy the process of things |
| C．expect little from life |
| D．find the relationship between cause and effect |
| A．often gets angry in his life |
| B．can adjust his state of mind accordingly |
| C．a(chǎn)lways expects others to act in his way |
| D．a(chǎn)lways suffers from his anger and irritation |
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