Question

The African elephant, the largest land animal remaining on earth, is of great importance to African ecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng)). Unlike other animals, the African elephant is to a great extent the builder of its environment. As a big plant-eater, it largely shapes the forest-and-savanna(大草原) surroundings in which it lives, therefore setting the terms of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat.
It is the elephant’s great desire for food that makes it a disturber of the environment and an important builder of its habitat. In its continuous search for the 300 pounds of plants it must have every day, it kills small trees and under-bushes, and pulls branches off big trees. This results in numerous open spaces in both deep tropical forests and in the woodlands that cover part of the African savannas. In these open spaces are numerous plants in various stages of growth that attract a variety of other plant-eaters.
Take the rain forests for example. In their natural state, the spreading branches overhead shut out sunlight and prevent the growth of plants on the forest floor. By pulling down trees and eating plants, elephants make open spaces, allowing new plants to grow on the forest floor. In such situations, the forests become suitable for large hoofed plant-eaters to move around and for small plant-eaters to get their food as well.
What worries scientists now is that the African elephant has become an endangered species. If the elephant disappears, scientists say, many other animals will also disappear from vast areas of forest and savanna, greatly changing and worsening the whole ecosystem.
【小題1】What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?

A．Improving the quality.

B．Worsening the state.

C．Fixing the time.

D．Deciding the conditions.

【小題2】The passage is developed mainly by_________.

A．showing the effect and then explaining the causes

B．giving examples

C．pointing out similarities and differences

D．describing the changes in space order

【小題3】What is the passage mainly about?

A．Forests and savannas as habitats for African elephants.

B．The eating habit of African elephants.

C．Disappearance of African elephants.

D．The effect of African elephants’ search for food.

【小題4】What do we know about the open spaces in the passage?

A．They are home to many endangered animals.

B．They result from the destruction of rain forests.

C．They are attractive to plant-eating animals of different kinds.

D．They provide food mainly for African elephants.

Answer 1

【小題1】D
【小題2】A
【小題3】D
【小題4】C

解析試題分析：本文敘述了非洲大象的食物鏈對(duì)周?chē)�環(huán)境的影響。它成為一個(gè)環(huán)境的打擾者和建設(shè)者的重要棲息地。科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在擔(dān)心的是,非洲象已成為瀕臨滅絕的物種。如果大象消失,科學(xué)家說(shuō),許多其他動(dòng)物也將消失在大面積的森林和稀樹(shù)大草原,大大改變,將會(huì)帶來(lái)整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的惡化。
【小題1】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)根據(jù)上半句和下文existence for millions of other animals可知選D。
【小題2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)通讀后發(fā)現(xiàn)，這篇文章是先講述大象尋找食物所帶來(lái)的影響，然后解釋原因的，所以要選擇A。
【小題3】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的第一段和最后一段都是透漏文章主旨的地方。我們從這兩段可以讀出，這篇文章是關(guān)于非洲象尋找食物所帶來(lái)的影響的，所以應(yīng)該選D。
【小題4】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Open space出現(xiàn)在文中的第二段的第三句和第四句。從第四句中我們可以得知這樣的空地很容易吸引各種各樣的食草動(dòng)物，所以選擇C。
考點(diǎn)：環(huán)保類(lèi)短文閱讀。
點(diǎn)評(píng)：解主旨大意題時(shí)，要站在整篇文章的高度分析問(wèn)題，切忌犯以偏概全、以點(diǎn)代面的錯(cuò)誤。文章的標(biāo)題是段落中心思想最精煉的表達(dá)形式，它的特點(diǎn)是：短小精煉，涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般要求能覆蓋全文，其確定的范圍要恰當(dāng)，既不能太大，也不能太小。