Question

Boys at the top of the pecking order(長(zhǎng)幼次序) either by birth or because their older brothers died score higher on IQ tests than their younger brothers.

Norwegian researchers now report that it’s a matter of what they call social rank in the family that gives the first born the highest scores or, if the first born had died young, the next oldest.

Kristensen and Bjerkedal studied the IQ test results of 241,310 Norwegian men drafted(征兵) into the armed forces between 1967 and 1976. All were aged 18 or 19 at the time.

The average IQ of first-born men was 103.2, they found second-born men averaged 101.2, but second-born men whose older brother died young scored 102.9. And for third-borns, the average was 100.0. But if both older brothers died young，the third-born score rose to 102.6.

The findings provide “evidence that the relation between birth order and IQ score is dependent on the social rank in the family and not birth order as such.” they concluded.

It’s an issue that has been hotly discussed since at least 1874,when Sir Francis Galton reported that men in noticeable positions tended to be firstborns more often than would have been statistically (統(tǒng)計(jì)) expected.

Since then, several studies have reported higher intelligence scores for firstborns, while other analyses have questioned those findings and the methods of those reports.

“These two researchers prove that how study participants(參與者) were raised, not how they were born, is what actually influences their IQs,” said Sulloway, an American professor, who was not part of the research team.

“The elder child pulls ahead,” he said, “perhaps as a result of learning gained through the process of tutoring younger brothers and sisters”.

“The older child benefits by having to organize and express its thoughts to tutor youngsters”, he said, “while the later born children may have no one to tutor.”

1.According to Norwegain researchers’ finding, which of the following is linked to boys’ IQ?

A. Birth order B. Position in the family

C. Parents’ social rank D. Educational experience

2.What does the sentence “It’s an issue that has been hotly discussed” underlined in Paragraph 6 mean?

A. Many people take interest in IQ study.

B. IQ study has gone further and further.

C. Many people do research on boys’ IQ.

D. Opinions are divided on the conclusion.

3.According to Kristensen and Bjerkedal’s test results, parents can make youngsters smarter by ________.

A. treating them as the oldest child

B. teaching them as the oldest child

C. talking to them as much as possible

D. encouraging them to express thoughts

 

Answer 1

1.B

2.D

3.A

【解析】

試題分析：文章講述的是一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究。挪威的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，一個(gè)家庭里孩子的IQ的高低與他在兄妹里的排行有關(guān)。這項(xiàng)研究出來(lái)以后引起了熱烈的討論。

1.Norwegian researchers now report that it’s a matter of what they call social rank in the family that gives the first born the highest scores”可知，挪威研究人員認(rèn)為，男孩在家中的排名先后，與IQ有很大的關(guān)系。故選B。

2.Since then, several studies have reported higher intelligence scores for firstborns, while other analyses have questioned those findings and the methods of those reports.”可知，從那以后，長(zhǎng)幼順序與IQ的關(guān)系引起了激烈的討論，觀點(diǎn)也產(chǎn)生了分歧，故選D。

3.The findings provide “evidence that the relation between birth order and IQ score is dependent on the social rank in the family and not birth order as such.”和最后一段“The older child benefits by having to organize and express its thoughts to tutor youngsters”可知，他們認(rèn)為，男孩的IQ與出生的先后關(guān)系，即長(zhǎng)幼順序有關(guān)，長(zhǎng)子從教弟弟妹妹知識(shí)中獲益，故選A。

考點(diǎn)：教育類短文閱讀