8.To Apologize or Not to Apologize
Why difficult?
When we do wrong to someone we know,even not(41)B,we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.But when we're acting as leaders,the circumstance are(42)D.The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the(43)Abut also at the level of the institution.It is a performance in which every word or expression(44)B,as they become part of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.
Why now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more(45)A.During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology culture--apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more(46)Cthan before.More  newspaper writers  have  written  about  the  growing  importance  of(47)D-apologies.Meanwhile,more and more articles,advice colums,and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of(48)Capologies.Although they are not carried out in the public places,we can't neglect the importance of this performance.
Why(49)A?
Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky?Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for(50)B.They are expected to appear strong and capable.And whether they make public statements of any kind,their individual and institutional reputations are in danger.Clearly,then,leaders should not apologize often.For a leader to express apology,there needs to be a strong(51)C.Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so
Why refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often try every means to(52)Dapologies,even when a public apology seems to be in order?Their reasons can be individual or institutional.Because leaders are public figures,their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even(53)Brisky.Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be an indication of job insecurity.Leaders may also be afraid that(54)Bof a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撐)in tough situation,as we shall see,but it is a high-risk(55)D.
41.A.immediatelyB.intentionallyC.occasionallyD.a(chǎn)ccidentally
42.A.simpleB.ridiculousC.a(chǎn)bnormalD.different
43.A.individualB.companyC.familyD.society
44.A.conflictsB.mattersC.a(chǎn)ppealsD.deceives
45.A.urgentB.riskyC.boringD.simple
46.A.interestedlyB.patientlyC.frequentlyD.hopefully
47.A.faithfulB.reliableC.confusingD.public
48.A.sincereB.a(chǎn)cceptableC.privateD.positive
49.A.botherB.reduceC.regretD.ignore
50.A.promotionB.criticismC.a(chǎn)ppreciationD.identification
51.A.personallyB.willC.reasonD.desire
52.A.a(chǎn)ttemptB.involveC.commitD.a(chǎn)void
53.A.politicallyB.professionallyC.a(chǎn)cademicallyD.physically
54.A.a(chǎn)voidanceB.a(chǎn)dmissionC.involvementD.elimination
55.A.fulfillmentB.statementC.occupationD.strategy

分析 本文為社會生活類說明文;文章主要就作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)道歉進(jìn)行分析;首先,作者分析了為什么對領(lǐng)導(dǎo)來說道歉困難,因?yàn)轭I(lǐng)導(dǎo)道歉還要代表機(jī)構(gòu)層面;其次,作者分析了道歉的緊迫性;因?yàn)檫^錯(cuò)性的行為比以往任何時(shí)候更頻繁,在美國已經(jīng)形成了道歉文化;第三,作者分析了道歉是否必要;道歉會影響個(gè)人和機(jī)構(gòu)的聲譽(yù),領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不能經(jīng)常道歉,除非有重要的原因;第四,作者分析了作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)為什么拒絕道歉,因?yàn)榈狼敢馕吨姓J(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,這會對他們的職業(yè)和他所服務(wù)的機(jī)構(gòu)造成損害.

解答 41-45   BDABA  46-50 CDCAB  51-55 CDBBD
41.答案是B.本題考查語境中副詞的選擇.A.immediately 立即B.intentionally有意地 C.occasionally偶然地 D.a(chǎn)ccidentally意外地;根據(jù)句意,當(dāng)我們對認(rèn)識的人不公正地對待,甚至不是"有意"地,我們都應(yīng)該道歉.故選B.
42.答案是D.本題考查語境中形容詞的選擇.A.simple 簡單的B.ridiculous荒唐的 C.a(chǎn)bnormal 不正常的D.different不同的;根據(jù)語境,我們不公正地對待他人應(yīng)該道歉,但是當(dāng)我們是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)時(shí),情況就"不同"了,由but判斷前后對照,故選D. 
43.答案是A.本題考查語境中名詞的選擇.A.individual 個(gè)人B.company 公司C.family 家庭D.society 社會;根據(jù)語境,作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo),道歉就不僅僅是"個(gè)人"層面上的,而且是代表某個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu),與institution(機(jī)構(gòu))相對應(yīng)的是"個(gè)人",故選A.
44.答案是B.本題考查語境中動詞的選擇.A.conflicts 沖突B.matters重要,要緊 C.a(chǎn)ppeals呼吁,有吸引力 D.deceives 欺騙;根據(jù)語境可知,作為領(lǐng)導(dǎo),道歉時(shí)每個(gè)詞句都很"重要",故選B.
45.答案是A.本題考查語境中形容詞的選擇.A.urgent緊迫的 B.risky高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的 C.boring 令人厭倦的D.simple簡單的;由本段的小標(biāo)題Why now?推斷作者建議現(xiàn)在就道歉,說明"緊迫性",故答案是A.
46.答案是C.本題考查語境中副詞的選擇.A.interestedly感興趣地 B.patiently 耐心地C.frequently頻繁地 D.hopefully充滿希望地;題干中的"has developed an apology-culture 形成了道歉的文化"和"apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of 各種各樣的道歉以及為各種各樣的錯(cuò)誤行為道歉"說明了道歉的"頻繁",故選C.
47.答案是D.本題考查語境中形容詞的選擇.A.faithful 忠誠的B.reliable可信賴的 C.confusing 令人困惑的D.public 公開的;根據(jù)語境可知,meanwhile(同時(shí))連接了兩個(gè)對照的情況,meanwhile上文講述的是"公開"道歉的必要性;下文講述的是私下道歉的必要性,故答案是D.
48.答案是C.本題考查語境中形容詞的選擇.A.sincere 真誠的B.a(chǎn)cceptable 可接受的C.private 私下的D.positive 積極的;根據(jù)語境,meanwhile下文講述的是私下道歉的必要性,故答案是C.
49.答案是A.本題考查語境中動詞的選擇.A.bother麻煩 B.reduce減少 C.regret 后悔D.ignore忽視;本題為小標(biāo)題中的動詞,根據(jù)下文語境"Why do we apologize為什么要道歉"推斷,該部分分析道歉的必要性,即"為什么麻煩(去道歉)",故選A.
50答案是B.本題考查語境中名詞的選擇.A.promotion促銷,晉升 B.criticism 批評C.a(chǎn)ppreciation欣賞,感激 D.identification 身份;根據(jù)語境和常識判斷,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)道歉很容易會成為"批評"的目標(biāo),故選B.
51.答案是C.本題考查語境中名詞的選擇.A.personality個(gè)性 B.will 意愿C.reason 原諒D.desire 渴望;根據(jù)上文語境,作者認(rèn)為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不應(yīng)該經(jīng)常道歉;他們道歉需要有重要的"原因",故選C.
52.答案是D.本題考查語境中動詞的選擇.A.a(chǎn)ttempt 試圖,企圖B.involve卷入,參與 C.commit 致力于,做錯(cuò)事D.a(chǎn)void 避免;由該部分的小標(biāo)題"Why refuse"推斷領(lǐng)導(dǎo)常常會盡力"避免"道歉,故選D.
53.答案是B.本題考查語境中副詞的選擇.A.politically 政治上B.professionally 職業(yè)上C.a(chǎn)cademically 學(xué)術(shù)上D.physically 身體上;根據(jù)語境和常識判斷,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是公眾人們,道歉會對他們的"職業(yè)"造成危害,故選B.
54.答案是B.本題考查語境中名詞的選擇.A.a(chǎn)voidance 避免B.a(chǎn)dmission承認(rèn) C.involvement 卷入,參與D.elimination 消除;根據(jù)語境和常識判斷,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)也害怕"承認(rèn)"錯(cuò)誤,故選B.
55.答案是D.本題考查語境中名詞的選擇.A.fulfillment實(shí)現(xiàn)B.statement 陳述,聲明C.occupation 職業(yè),占據(jù)D.strategy 策略;根據(jù)句意,道歉是高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的"策略",所以領(lǐng)導(dǎo)完全有理由在艱難的情況下硬撐;故選D.

點(diǎn)評 選詞填空類完形旨在考查考生對英語詞匯的把握和在語篇中的綜合運(yùn)用能力、閱讀理解能力.解答此類題,首先要瀏覽所給詞匯,對這些詞匯的意義、詞性有一個(gè)初步的了解,然后在通讀全文,了解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行試填;答完后再通讀一篇文章,確保語句通順,語意連貫.

練習(xí)冊系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:閱讀理解

20.If you've not heard that the decade-old princess-culture is causing problems-especially if you're a parent-you must be actively working to avoid it.
The latest study adding fuel to the fire comes out of Brigham Young University and finds that the Disney princess obsession can be harmful to girls.
"I think parents think that the Disney princess culture is safe.That's the word I hear time and time again-it's safe."Lead study author Sarah M.Coyne of the Mormon institution in Utah noted in a press release."But if we're fully jumping in here and really embracing (accepting) it,parents should really consider the long-term impact of the princess culture."
So,what's the problem this time around?Same as always,confirmed the study,published in the journal Child Development,which involved the assessment of 198 preschoolers:Lots of engagement with princess culture (whether through moves or toys) can lead to gender-stereotypical(性別定性)behavior as well as self-critical body image.
The strict gender stereotypes can hold girls back."They feel like they can't do some things,"Coyne said,"They're not as confident that they can do well in math and science.They don't like getting dirty,so they're less likely to try and experiment with things."
On the other hand,"Disney princesses represent some of the first examples of exposure to the thin ideal,"Coyne said."As women,we get it our whole lives,and it really does start at the Disney princess level,at age 3 and 4."
So,what should a parent do?Try his or her best to avoid all princesses for the entire of a girl's childhood?I'd say,have moderation in all things,have your kids involved in all sorts of activities,and just have princesses be one of many,many things that they like to do and engage with."Coyne suggested."This study has changed the way I talk to my daughter,the things I focus on,and it's been really good for me as a parent to learn from this study,"Coyne said."I usually can't say that my research findings have such a personal impact on my life."

25.What do we know about the study?A
A.It proved that the Disney princess obsession is harmful.
B.Sarah M.Coyne is the first one to do the research.
C.It started a heated discussion among people.
D.It suggested watching TV programmes of I lie Disney is safe.
26.How many problems can the Disney princess culture cause according to the study?B
A.One B.Two C.Three D.Four
27.What does the underlined word"it"in Paragraph 6 refer to?C
A.the Disney princess culture
B.the idea that girls can't do some things
C.The idea that girls should be thin
D.The problem the Disney culture causes
28 What advice does Coyne give to parents?D
A.Actively work on the old princess culture.
B.Change their way they talk to their daughter.
C.Avoid girls to watch any princesses.
D.Have girls involved in all kinds of activities.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:詞匯應(yīng)用

1.做充分的準(zhǔn)備make adequate preparations.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:填空題

16.Tom tasted themixture(mix) of sugar and salt which made him feel terrible.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:填空題

3.Attitude is amental state relative to what we believe and affects our entire lives.We express our attitude in our words and actions.
One of the most important steps you can take toward achieving your greatest potential in life is to learn to monitor your attitude and its impact on your work performance,relationships and everyone around you.
In truth,people generally don't have a high level of attitude awareness.They'll know if they are hungry or if their feet hurt,but they usually don't have a good handle on their attitude.That is a mistake because attitude decides everything.It governs the way you perceive(感知) the world and the way the world perceives you.
We all have a choice.We can choose an inner dialogue or self  encouragement and self  motivation.It's a power we all have.Each of us experiences hard times,hurt feelings,heartache,and physical and emotional pain.The key is to realize it's not what happens to you that matters;it's how you choose to respond.
Your mind is a computer that can be programmed.Your inner dialogue is the software that programs your attitude,which determines how you present yourself to the world around you.You have control over the programming.Whatever you put into it is reflected in what comes out.The sad reality of life is that we will continue to hear negative information,but we don't have to program it into our brains.
The loudest and most influential voice you hear is your own inner voice.It can work for or against you,depending on the messages you allow.It can be optimistic or pessimistic(悲觀的).It can wear you down or cheer you up.
Habitual badattitudes are often the product of past experiences and events.Common causes include low self  esteem,stress,fear,resentment,anger and an inability to handle changes.It takes serious work to examine the roots of a harmful attitude,but the rewards of ridding ourselves of this heavy baggage can last a lifetime.
Here are several strategies to improve your attitude:
Enthusiasm-Vital Tool for Staying Motivated
Enthusiasm is to attitude what breathing is to life.Enthusiasm makes it possible for you to apply your gifts more effectively.Enthusiasm means putting yourself in motion.It's an internal spirit that speaks through your actions.
Lighten Up Your Life with Humor
Humor isHYPERLINK"http://www.21cnjy.com"a powerful motivator.The more humor and laughter in your life,the less stress youll have,which means more positive energy to help you put your attitude into action.There are also health benefits to lightening up.
Exercising Will Help Keep You Motivated
One of the best ways to move to a more positive and motivated mind is to exercise.A regular exercise routine can provide relatively quick positive feedback in the form of weight loss,muscle development and a sense of doing something positive for yourself.Seek your personal and professional success by using the tools above.It is no secret that life seems to reward us most when we approach the world with a positive attitude.
Title:Your Attitude Decides Everything
What do you know about attitude?Attitude is a way that you think or feel about something.
We express our attitude by (71)speaking/talkingand behaving.
Why is attitude (72)important/vital/significant?You can reach your full potential in life by monitoring your attitude and its influence.
Attitude determines (73)howyou and the world perceive each other.
 
 
 
What affects your attitude?
 
 
The way that you chose to (74)react/respondto such problems as physical and emotional pain.
Your inner dialogue,which should be filled with only (75)positiveinformation.
Your own inner voice,which gives you the greatest(76)influence/impact.
The roots of a harmful attitude that you should get (77)ridof.
How can you improve your
attitude?
Having enthsiasm,which(78)enables/allows/helpsyou to apply your talents more effectively.
Filling your life with humor and laughter,which will do (79)goodto your health.
(80)Workingout regularly,which will keep you motivated.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:選擇題

13._____ writing the article,the author forgot that he had a meeting to attend.(  )
A.Absorbed inB.Absorbing in
C.To absorb inD.Having absorbed by

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:詞匯應(yīng)用

20.We have not estimated (估計(jì),估算) the proper price for the contract yet.

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:選擇題

17.After so long a walk,the little girl was too __________ any further.( 。
A.tiring to goB.tiring of goingC.tired to goD.tired of going

查看答案和解析>>

科目:高中英語 來源: 題型:短文改錯(cuò)

18.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文,請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文.文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤,每句中最多有兩處.錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改.
增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(∧),并在其下面寫出該加的詞.
刪除:把多余的詞用(\)劃掉.
修改:在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線,并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞.
注意:(1)每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;
(2)只允許修改10處,多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分.
I first met Li Meng at a friend birthday party five years ago.Then I invited Li Meng over in my place.We listen to my CDs together and soon became good friends.Three years ago,Li Meng's parents invited I to spend two wonderful week in Qingdao with them during the summer holiday.Li Meng and I loved walking along the beautifully beaches there.Last year I was ill but had to stay in hospital for a week.Li Meng came see me every day.Then,her father has changed jobs and they moved to another city.Since then we haven't see each other much,but we've kept writing to each other.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊答案