Country-dwellers(農(nóng)村居民) often say the constant noise, heavy traffic and crowds of the city would drive them mad. Well, they might be right, according to the latest research. City residents are more likely to develop mental illnesses than those who live in villages, a study has found.
Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages.
The experts don’t know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排擠) by those around them. They are more likely to experience discrimination(歧視) if they do not fit in, which can lead to them feeling anxious and even developing mental illnesses.
Dr Stanley Zammit, who led the research said that people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosis(非情感性精神病).
Earlier this year an official report found that village-dwellers live an average of two years longer than those living in towns and cities. According to figures from the Office of National Statistics in the UK, men who live in villages are likely to live for between 78 and 79 years, while those in towns and cities can expect to survive to an age of 76. Women on average survive to their 81st birthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages. The small marked town of Wimborne Minster in rural Dorset was named the healthiest place to live in.
【小題1】What is the passage mainly about?

A．Country-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses.
B．City-dwellers are more likely to develop mental illnesses.
C．Country-dwellers live longer than city-dwellers.
D．City-dwellers live longer than country-dwellers.
【小題2】The research from Cardiff University was based on the people’s _________.
A．interests. B．characters. C．occupations. D．lifestyles.
【小題3】It can be inferred that  ___________.
A．people like living in towns and cities
B．city-dwellers enjoy their peaceful city life
C．village-dwellers are more likely to be looked down upon by others
D．village-dwellers get along better with their neighbors than city-dwellers.
【小題4】Non-affective psychosis is a kind of mental illnesses that is linked to ________
A．character change B．temperature rise
C．pressure increase D．energy weakening
【小題5】We can learn from the last paragraph that generally ________ .
A．women living in villages live the longest
B．women living in cities live the longest
C．men living in villages live the longest
D．men living in cities live the longest.


【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】D
【小題4】A
【小題5】A

解析試題分析：這篇文章講的是城市居民比農(nóng)村居民更有可能得精神疾病。原因可能是擁擠的交通，可怕的噪音，也可能是人與人之間冷漠的關(guān)系導(dǎo)致的。
【小題1】主旨題：從第一段的句子： City residents are more likely to develop mental illnesses than those who live in villages, a study has found.可知這篇文章講的是城市居民比農(nóng)村居民更有可能得精神疾病。選B。
【小題2】細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章第二段的句子：Researchers from Cardiff university examined the lifestyles of more than 200,000 people in Sweden and found that those who lived in urban areas were more at risk from mental illnesses than people who lived in villages.可知Cardiff University 做的調(diào)查是以人們的生活方式為基礎(chǔ)的，選D
【小題3】推理題：從文章第三段的句子：The experts don’t know exactly why this is but they suggest that town and city residents are more likely to be ostracized(排擠) by those around them.可知農(nóng)村居民比城市居民和鄰居相處的更好，選D
【小題4】細(xì)節(jié)題：從文章倒數(shù)第二段的句子：people living in towns and cities are more likely to develop other mental illnesses that result in personality changes — a condition known as non-affective psychosi可知非情感性精神病是和性格改變有關(guān)的精神病，選A
【小題5】細(xì)節(jié)題：從最后一段的句子：Women on average survive to their 81st birthday in towns and cities, but live to between 82 and 83 in villages.可知住在農(nóng)村的女性活的更長，選A
考點(diǎn)：考查社會(huì)現(xiàn)象類短文

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Notice
Dear Degree-doing International Students,
According to the University’s regulations governing the Curriculums (課程) of General Education, the curriculum-choosing procedures (程序) are as follows:
Who
All degree-doing international students are required to choose the curriculums related to Chinese Language and Culture. Refer to Item 3 for different arrangements for undergraduate students (本科生) ,master and doctor students.
What curriculum to choose
You are required to choose two curriculums related to Chinese Language and Culture that suit your own level and program. The curriculum consists of Elementary Chinese, Intermediate （中級的）Chinese, and Chinese Culture (Taught in Chinese and English ). Please refer to Attachment 1 for details.
How many credits
You are required to complete 6 credits for each curriculum within a term.
When and How
A. Undergraduate students: you are required to complete the curriculum selection process (The system will be reopened next week) by 5:00 p.m. on June 22, 2013. About how to choose the courses, you can refer to Attachment 2 (It is in Chinese; turn to your Chinese friends or teachers for help if you cannot follow the procedures of the attachment) for the instructions.
B. Master and Doctor Students: you won’t have to complete the curriculum selection until early September; please wait for further notice on the arrangement.
Your cooperation will be highly appreciated.
Attachment 1: Chinese Language & Culture for International Students
Attachment 2: Handbook for Curriculum Selection
School of International Education
Chongqing University
June 13, 2013
【小題1】This notice is mainly about _______.

A．course selection B．how to study elective courses
C．regulations of learning Chinese D．Learning arrangements for elective courses
【小題2】The courses which can be chosen don’t include _______.
A．Chinese Culture B．Advanced Chinese
C．Elementary Chinese D．Intermediate Chinese
【小題3】According to the arrangement, who must finish choosing curriculums in June?
A．Doctor students B．Master students
C．Undergraduate students D．International students
【小題4】You can learn the instructions in the course selection from_______.
A．your friends B．your teachers C．Attachment One D．Attachment Two

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

A new study has found evidence of aggressive (攻擊性的) behavior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day. Information for the study came from the mothers of 3,000 5-year-olds. Researchers asked the women to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a two-month period. They were also asked to complete a checklist of their children’s behavior.
The researchers have found that 43 percent of the children drink at least one daily serving of soda, and 4 percent of the youngsters have even four or more sodas to drink every day.
Shakira Suglia, a famous expert, says they’ve found that children who drink the most soda are more than twice as likely as those who drink no soda to show signs of aggression.
“For the children who consume four or more soft drinks per day, we see more withdrawn behaviors, which make them hard to get along well with others.”
The aggressive behaviors include destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically attacking people.
The researchers have determined the link after considering factors like the child’s age and sex. They have also considered other possible influence, such as whether the boys and girls are eating sweets or giving fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers have examined parenting styles and other social conditions that may be taking place in the home.
Researches are trying to find why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior problems. An ingredient often found in soft drinks is caffeine, which helps to make people feel energetic. Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could cause the 5-year-olds to be more aggressive. Earlier studies of adults have found the highest sugar levels in those who carry weapons (武器) and show signs of negative social behavior.
【小題1】What section of a newspaper is the passage probably taken from?

A．Scientific Technology B．Science Fictions C．Social News D．Health Report
【小題2】The underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 4 can probably be replaced by the word ______.
A．backward B．unsocial C．generous D．friendly
【小題3】 Researchers studied the following aspects of the children except ______.
A．a(chǎn)ge B．sex C．games D．parents
【小題4】According to the research, which of the following is right?
A．Mothers were asked to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a three-month period.
B．4 percent of the youngsters have even four or fewer sodas to drink every day.
C．Children who drink no soda show fewer aggressive behaviors.
D．Children with the highest sugar levels tend to carry weapons and show signs of negative social behavior.
【小題5】After a further study on ingredients in soda, Shakira Suglia implies that the direct cause of the aggressive behaviors may be ______.
A．soft drinks B．a(chǎn)ttention problems C．caffeine D．social conditions

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Most children, even the youngest of children, are delighted to be around cats and dogs. But these pets carry plenty of germs and allergens（過敏原）, prompting researchers to ask: Are cats and dogs really safe for children？
A study finds that, contrary to many parents’ fears, owning cats or dogs does not increase a child’s risk of developing allergies, and in fact, may actually protect them. The study’s lead author, Dr. Dennic Ownby of the Medical College of Georgia, says that even he was “very surprised” by the results. Ownby and colleagues followed more than 470 children from birth to age 6 or 7, comparing those exposed to cats and dogs during their first year of life to those who were not.
By using skin-prick tests for detecting common allergies, the researchers found that, contrary to what many doctors had been taught for years, children who had lived with a pet were not at greater risk.
Even more remarkable, children who had two or more dogs or cats had an even greater reduction, up to 77 percent, in risk of allergies. Researchers suggest this protective effect may be the result of early exposure to lots of bacteria that are carried by dogs and cats. Exposing young children to these bacteria helps "exercise" their immune systems early in life so that they're better able to resist allergic diseases later.
There's something very important in that first year of life when the immune(免疫) system is developing that we can retrain it away from an allergic response, said Dr. William Davis.
And while researchers are not encouraging parents to buy dogs or cats just to reduce a child’s allergy risk, they say if a family already has one or more animals, there's no need to get rid of them.
【小題1】Why do the researchers feel “very surprised” by the results of the study?

A．Because the results are contrary to their expectation．
B．Because so many children are playing with cats and dogs．
C．Because parents are so much worried about their children．
D．Because children with animals may develop allergies easily．
【小題2】Compared with children who have pets，those who haven’t  ______.
A．will lose the chance to develop immune system
B．will reduce the harm from bacteria
C．may suffer allergic diseases more often
D．can keep doctors away
【小題3】The underlined word “it” in the fifth paragraph refers to________.
A．the early life B．a(chǎn)n allergic disease
C．something important D．immune system
【小題4】What is the passage mainly about?
A．How to protect your kids from allergies
B．Bacteria do good to your kids
C．Your pets may be helping your kids
D．Advantages of owning pets

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

The World Health Organization says there has been a sharp increase in the number of over-weight children in developing countries. In African countries, the WHO says the number of over-weight or obese children is twice as high as it was 20 years ago. Around the world, about 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2013.
Overweight and obese children are more likely to become overweight and obese adults. The condition can generate serious health problems like heart diseases.
Francesco Branca is the director of the WHO Department of Nutrition for Health and Development. He says urban lifestyle makes people eat processed food more often ,which has a high sugar ,fat and salt content. He also says people are gaining weight because of their lack of activities. They travel in cars or other vehicles more than on foot.
The WHO experts say to lower obesity rates is especially complex in countries that also deal with high rates of infectious(感染性的) diseases.
The WHO has some basic solutions for individuals and countries. The organization says you should lower your intake of fat, sugar, salt and processed food and eat more fruits,' vegetables and increase physical activity. The WHO says these actions are especially important for children.
And WHO expert Branca says mothers should breastfeed their babies for at least the first six months of life, if possible. More importantly, governments should consider providing vitamins for children and educational campaigns about problems linked to obesity would also help. In his view, government policies should deal with how food is marketed to children and food producers must balance quality and taste with the dangers of sugar, fat and salt. "Reducing the number of overweight children will not be easy. The goal is difficult to meet even in wealthy countries. " he adds.
【小題1】What is the main idea of Paragraph l?

A．Children in developing countries generally weigh too much.
B．Overweight children in developing countries have increased greatly.
C．The number of overweight children in the world has doubled.
D．The World Health Organization has increased greatly.
【小題2】According to Branca , people are becoming overweight because of their changes in _______
A．lifestyles B．transportation
C．physical condition D．school educational .
【小題3】Which of the following word can best replace the underlined word in Paragraph 2?
A．cure B．prevent C．worsen D．cause
【小題4】According to WHO, which of the following is true?
A．Poor nutrition is often related to children obesity.
B．To lower infectious disease rates is more complex than to lower obesity rates.
C．Eating less sugar and more vegetables helps lower obesity rates.
D．Increasing physical activity is most effective to lower obesity rates.
【小題5】What can we learn from the last Paragraph?
A．Babies breastfed aren't likely to become overweight.
B．Governments should play a necessary role in fighting obesity.
C．Food producers should be stopped from marketing, food to children.
D．The number of overweight children decreases easily in wealthy countries.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

When we see well, we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.
People who are near-sighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Everything else seems unclear. Many people who do a lot of work, such as writing, reading and sewing become near-sighted.
Then people who are far-sighted endure just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm’s length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses, too.
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. They have what is called astigmatism（散光）. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people’s eyes become cloudy because of cataracts（白內(nèi)障）. Long ago these people often became blind. Now however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove then.
Having two good eyes is important for judging distances. Each eye sees things from a slightly different angle（角度）. To prove this to yourself, look at an object out of one eye; then look at the same object out of your other eye. You will find the object’s relation to the background and other things around it has changed. The difference between these two different eye views helps us to judge how far away an object is. People who have only one eye cannot judge distance as people with two eyes.
【小題1】We should take good care of our eyes       .

A．only when we can see well
B．only when we cannot see perfectly
C．only when we are near-sighted or far-sighted
D．even if we can see well or perfectly
【小題2】When things far away seem unclear, one is probably       .
A．near-sighted B．far-sighted C．a(chǎn)stigmatic D．suffering from cataracts
【小題3】The underlined word endure in the third paragraph probably means      .
A．experience B．imagine C．suffer from D．recover from
【小題4】Having two eyes instead of one is particularly useful for       .
A．seeing at night B．seeing objects far away
C．looking over a wide area D．judging distances
【小題5】People who suffer from astigmatism have     .
A．one eye bigger than the other
B．eyes that are not exactly the right shape
C．a(chǎn) difficulty that can be corrected by an operation
D．a(chǎn)n eye difficult that cannot be corrected by glasses.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

You might think I'd have little in common with a camel, but we do share one useful skill: both of us can go for a very long time without water. Usually I start my day with a cup of tea, and then I might have a glass of water with my lunch and one with dinner, that's about a liter of liquid in 24 hours. It feels like plenty, but apparently it's not nearly enough.
After years of suffering headaches and poor digestion I spoke to a neurologist about my regular headaches and a nutritionist about my poor digestion, and both told me I should be drinking up to three liters of liquid a day for my body to function at its best. I decided to conduct an experiment. What would happen if I drank the recommended amount every day for a month?
The photograph of me taken the day I started this trial demonstrates(展示）perfectly and rather frighteningly what a lack of hydration does to a face. I am 42, but have to admit I look more like 52 in this picture, which is shocking. There are dark shadows under and around my eyes, which make me look exhausted, a profusion of wrinkles and strange reddish blotches, and my skin lacks any luster（光澤）. It looks dead. Even my lips look shriveled（枯萎的）. This is all classic evidence of poor hydration, apparently.
Every system and function in our body depends on water. It flushes toxins from the vital organs, carries nutrients to cells, provides a moist environment for ear, nose and throat tissues, and eliminates waste.
Not drinking enough means all these functions becomes damaged. So I decided to see how I would look and feel if I drank three liters of water every day for 28 days. The results were astonishing.
【小題1】Which statement is Not True according to Paragraph 1?

A．The author drinks about a liter of liquid every day.
B．The author has something in common with a camel.
C．The author thinks she drinks enough water every day.
D．The author actually has plenty of water in her daily life.
【小題2】Why did the author decide to drink the recommended amount of water?
A．Because she was very fond of doing experiments.
B．Because she was informed of the importance of drinking enough water.
C．Because her doctors forced her to do it.
D．Because she wanted to be cured of her stomachache.
【小題3】The author’s lack of hydration caused the following physical responses Except_______.
A．shriveled lips
B．enough luster of her skin
C．dark shadows around her eyes
D．wrinkles and blotches on her face
【小題4】According to the passage, the author most probably tends to tell us_________.
A．the more water one drinks, the healthier he is
B．drinking water makes ladies look younger
C．drinking enough water is key to one’s health
D．it’s necessary to follow specialists instructions
【小題5】What will be probably written in the next paragraph?
A．The author gave up the experiment.
B．The author had his health greatly improved.
C．The author suffered a lot from the experiment.
D．The author felt very disappointed at the result.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes(酶)that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic (酸性的). To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat . Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism(新陳代謝) becomes inactive, and then result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious(惡性的) circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize （使…中和）the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. it’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself , you need to take an active approach..
【小題1】. What is the main purpose of this passage?   

A．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods
B．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods
C．To inform people of the harm of processed foods
D．To warn people of the problem of obesity
【小題2】. It can be inferred from Para. 2 that    
A．it is essential for people to protect their vital organs
B．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit
C．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods
D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle
【小題3】. Processed foods are unhealthy because they    
A．destroy body’s cells B．a(chǎn)re difficult to digest
C．may lead to obesity D．stop body’s metabolism
【小題4】. What is likely to be talked about following the last paragraph?
A．Active approaches to avoid acid . B．Different causes of acid accumulation.
C．Correct ways to cook raw foods . D．Suitable types of raw and whole foods.
【小題5】. What can we learn from the text?
A．Processed foods are good for our appetite mechanism
B．Eating the right types of raw and whole foods does good to our body
C．The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion more effective
D．Processed foods also comfort the digestive tract

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Why are people interested in eating raw foods or whole foods? One reason is that eating these types of food reduces the risk of acid accumulation in your body.
Raw and whole foods are usually digested more efficiently than cooked and refined foods. When we cook foods, we destroy the natural enzymes (酶) that are part of the food in its raw form. These enzymes were intended by nature to help us digest the food. When we consume food without these natural enzymes, our bodies either digest the food improperly or allow too many nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream. In both instances, the result is obesity. When too many nutrients are absorbed at once, the body grows fat. Improperly digested food moves slowly through the digestive tract, where it becomes increasingly acidic. To protect its vital organs from this acidic waste, the body changes the acid into fat and stores it safely away from the organs.
Processed foods contain chemical elements, which might confuse the appetite mechanism that tells us when we’ve had enough to eat; as a result, people often overeat. Processed foods also upset the digestive cycle. The body will either identify these foods as allergens and then store them safely away from the organs as fat, or the remains of undigested food will become acidic and enter the bloodstream as acid waste, which will stick to the blood vessel walls and block the passage of vital oxygen and nutrients heading for the body’s cells. The body’s metabolism (新陳代謝)becomes inactive, and the result is weight gain and obesity.
The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion increasingly inefficient. When that happens, even healthy foods can become acidic and the food allergies will become more common.
To stop this vicious(惡性的)circle in its tracks, people need to consume food and supplements that will neutralize (使…中和) the acid already accumulated in body. Eating the right types of raw and whole foods can help. It’s also important to restore your enzyme balance. You need to identify and avoid the foods that cause acid accumulation and consume the foods that increase enzyme production. If you truly want to change and help your body heal itself, you need to take an active approach.
【小題1】What is the main purpose of this passage?

A．To advocate eating more raw and whole foods. 
B．To tell the differences between raw and processed foods. 
C．To inform people of the harm of processed foods. 
D．To warn people of the problem of obesity. 
【小題2】It can be inferred from Para. 2 that ________.
A．it is essential for people to protect their vital organs 
B．foods with natural enzymes help people keep fit 
C．we’d better be cautious about raw and whole foods  
D．giving up cooked and refined foods is a new lifestyle 
【小題3】Processed foods are unhealthy because they __________.
A．destroy body’s cells B．a(chǎn)re difficult to digest 
C．may lead to obesity D．stop body’s metabolism 
【小題4】What is likely to be talked about following the last paragraph?
A．Active approaches to avoid acid. 
B．Different causes of acid accumulation. 
C．Correct ways to cook raw foods. 
D．Suitable types of raw and whole foods. 
【小題5】What can we learn from the text?
A．Processed foods are good for our appetite mechanism. 
B．Eating the right types of raw and whole foods does good to our body. 
C．The accumulation of acid in the digestive tract makes digestion more effective. 
D．Processed foods also comfort the digestive tract. 

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