16.People have smoked cigarettes for a long time now.The tobacco used to make cigarettes was grown in what is now part of the United States.Christopher Columbus,who discovered America,saw the Indians smoking,and soon the dried leaves were transported (運輸) to Europe where smoking began to catch on.In the late 1800s,the Turks (土耳其人) made cigarettes popular.
Cigarettes smoke contains at least two harmful substances (物質(zhì)),tar and nicotine.Tar,which forms as the tobacco bums,damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing.Nicotine,which is found in the leaves,causes the heart to beat faster and increases breathing rate.
Smoking cigarettes is dangerous.The U.S.Public Health Service stated that cigarette smoking is the cause of lung cancers and several other deadly diseases.The U.S.government now requires that each package of cigarettes bear (帶有) a special warning about the danger of smoking.

16.The expression"catch on"in the passage may meanC.
A.start        
B.cost a lot     
C.become popular       
D.dangerous
17.Before Columbus discovered AmericaD.
A.Europeans had smoked             
B.Nobody smoked in the world
C.Nicotine was not in tobacco      
D.Europeans had never smoked
18.In the nineteenth century smoking became popular because of the people inB.
A.India              
B.Turkey        
C.the U.S.
D.British
19.Breathing is affected byD.
A.nicotine        B.Tar       
C.heat            D.both A and B
20.Which of the following is Not right?B
A.Smoking cigarettes is thought to be dangerous.
B.The U.S.Public Health Service has found the cause of lung cancers and several other deadly diseases.
C.Cigarette smoking is the cause of lung cancers and several other deadly diseases.
D.The U.S.government wants smokers to know the danger of smoking.

分析 短文主要講了吸煙的起源及其危害等.

解答 16.C,詞義猜測題,根據(jù)前面提到soon the dried leaves were transported (運輸) to Europe,把干的葉子運到歐洲就是用來吸煙的,可以猜測改詞的意思是讓吸煙變得受歡迎,故答案為C.
17.D,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)句子Christopher Columbus,who discovered America,saw the Indians smoking可知,在哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)美洲之前,歐洲人從沒見過吸煙,故答案為D.
18.B,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)句子In the late 1800s,the Turks (土耳其人) made cigarettes popular可知,在19世紀(jì)是土耳其人讓吸煙變得流行的,故答案為B.
19.D,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)句子Tar,which forms as the tobacco bums,damages the lungs and therefore affects breathing.Nicotine,which is found in the leaves,causes the heart to beat faster and increases breathing rate可知,是焦油和尼古丁影響到呼吸,故答案為D.
20.B,細(xì)節(jié)理解題,根據(jù)句子The U.S.Public Health Service stated that cigarette smoking is the cause of lung cancers and several other deadly diseases可知,美國公共衛(wèi)生局說吸煙是肝癌和其他致命疾病的原因,但沒有說是公共衛(wèi)生局發(fā)現(xiàn)的,故答案為B.

點評 解答任務(wù)型閱讀理解題,首先對原文材料迅速瀏覽,掌握全文的主旨大意.因為閱讀理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題,所以,速讀全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速讀的過程中,應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料.其次,細(xì)讀題材,各個擊破.掌握全文的大意之后,細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題,弄清每題要求后,帶著問題,再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息.最后,要善于抓住每段的主題句,閱讀時,要有較強的針對性.對于捕獲到的信息,要做認(rèn)真分析,仔細(xì)推敲,理解透徹,只有這樣,針對題目要求,才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn).

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