Question

【題目】On warm summer days with little or no wind, the air temperature in cities can be up to ten degrees higher than that of the surrounding countryside. This is a phenomenon commonly referred to as the “urban heat island” effect.

This phenomenon happens when pavement, buildings, and other infrastructure （基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施） replace natural land cover. Large amounts of paved and dark colored surfaces—such as roofs, roads, and parking lots—absorb, rather than reflect, the sun’s heat, causing surface temperatures and overall ambient （周圍的） air temperature to rise. Unlike soil, paved areas contribute to runoff, which means that as paved areas increase, the amount of water available for evaporation （蒸發(fā)） decreases. Moreover, urban areas have fewer trees and less natural vegetation which help to control the heat by providing shade and blocking solar radiation. The surfaces of leaves also provide water for evaporation which cools the air, further worsening the heat island effect.

In particular, during summer, more energy is required to cool the insides of building and for refrigeration, thereby creating additional heat output. This in turn leads to higher ambient air temperatures, which can also significantly increase the formation of urban smog in an area, degrading local air quality. Such a situation may directly affect public health with individuals more likely to suffer from heat exhaustion and the effects of asthma （哮喘）.

【1】The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.

A．Due to dark colored roads, urban areas are becoming hotter each year

B．Dark colored surfaces reflect the sun’s heat, causing air temperatures to rise

C．Because urban surfaces absorb heat, air and surface temperatures increase

D．Rising ambient air temperatures lead to urban surfaces absorbing more heat

【2】Which of the following is not a cause of the urban heat island effect?

A．The lack of trees

B．The demand for refrigeration

C．The blocking of solar radiation

D．The construction of infrastructure.

【3】The underlined word “degrading” most probably means ________.

A．ignoring B．improving

C．highlighting D．worsening

【4】The passage is mainly developed by ________.

A．giving typical examples

B．following the time order

C．presenting the effect and analyzing the cause

D．a(chǎn)nalyzing a problem and seeking the solution

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】C

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

試題分析：文章先敘述了城市溫度比農(nóng)村普遍高，然后分析了溫度過(guò)高的原因，即太多的深色東西吸收太陽(yáng)輻射和太少的綠色植被阻擋輻射，最后道明溫度過(guò)高的影響。

【1】句意猜測(cè)題。劃線部分”Large amounts of paved and dark colored surfaces—such as roofs, roads, and parking lots—absorb, rather than reflect, the sun’s heat, causing surface temperatures and overall ambient （周圍的） air temperature to rise.”意思是大量的鋪設(shè)和深色覆蓋表面，例如：屋頂，道路，停車場(chǎng)，這些吸收太陽(yáng)熱，而不是反射，引起了地表和周圍空氣的溫度上升。故選擇C。

【2】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二自然段第四句“Moreover, urban areas have fewer trees and less natural vegetation which help to control the heat by providing shade and blocking solar radiation.”意思是而且,城市能形成陰涼區(qū)和阻礙太陽(yáng)輻射的樹木和蔬菜太少了。可知阻礙太陽(yáng)輻射能降低溫度而不是升高，故選擇C。

【3】詞義猜測(cè)題。第三自然段第二句“which can also significantly increase the formation of urban smog in an area,”意思是溫度升高導(dǎo)致城市粉塵的形成并急速上升�？芍獪囟壬�高應(yīng)該是降低空氣質(zhì)量，即“degrading”意思是“降低，使變壞”，故選擇D。

【4】推理判斷題。文章先敘述了城市溫度比農(nóng)村普遍高，然后分析了溫度過(guò)高的原因，最后道明的溫度過(guò)高的影響。故選擇C。