1.FROM dogs and cats to pandas and penguins,lists of adorable animals can be very varied.However,when it comes to scary animals,the answers are often more or less the same-snakes and spiders are among the most dreadful ones for the majority of us.
However,most of us have never been bitten by a snake or a spider.So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things?
Scientists have been actively looking into it for a long time.For example,studies have suggested that babies find live animals much more interesting than stuffed (毛絨填充的) ones.This interest continues even if those animals are snakes and spiders.
A study published in Psychological Science in 2008seemed to show that snakes did have a different impact on babies.When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices,they found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded.
Now,a team from Rutgers University in New Jersey,US has tried to challenge the idea that babies are born with a fear of snakes and spiders.According to the BBC,the researchers measured babies'physiological (生理的) responses as they watched videos of snakes and elephants paired with both fearful and happy voices.
Scientists then set out to surprise the babies to see how they would react.They presented them with an unexpected bright flash of light as they watched a video.As the BBC explained,a surprise like this would be more intense (強(qiáng)烈的) if the babies were already scared,just like when we watch scary films and jump more if we are already scared.
However,according to their findings,published recently in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology,babies'surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake,even when it was shown with a fearful voice.Their heart response was also lower,which also made it seem that babies were not scared.
"Children do not have an innate fear of snakes,"concluded the study.Even if previous studies had suggested that babies have different responses to snakes,it isn't necessarily related to fear."It's possible that paying more attention to something might make fear learning easier later on.It leads to fear learning,"said research co-author Vanessa LoBue.She further explained that it was a good thing that humans didn't have an inborn fear of snakes because it would make a young infant's desire to explore new things less strong.
Instead,we have evolved to quickly learn to be afraid of something if it turns out to be dangerous.
62.What is the article mainly about?B
A.How people's fear of snakes and spiders has evolved.
B.Whether humans are born with a fear of snakes and spiders.
C.Why snakes and spiders are considered the most dreadful animals.
D.How babies react differently from adults to snakes and spiders.
63.What was the finding of the study published in Psychological Science in 2008?D
A.The longer babies looked at snakes in the video,the less scared they were.
B.The fearful voices babies heard when watching snake videos doubled their fear of snakes.
C.Babies'responses to the snake in the videos were greatly affected by the types of voices they heard.
D.Babies took more interest in snakes than the other animals in the videos regardless of which human voices they heard.
64.The underlined word"innate"in the second-to-last paragraph is the closest in meaning toA.
A.from birth B.from learning C.lasting D.immediate
65.How did babies react when the researchers from Rutgers University surprised them while they were watching a video of a snake?C
A.They paid more attention to the snakes when they heard a fearful voice.
B.Babies'heart responses changed slightly when they heard a fearful voice.
C.A fearful voice didn't make their surprised response become more intense.
D.They became more scared when they experienced an unexpected bright flash of light.
66.According to Vanessa LoBue,since babies don't have an inborn fear of snakes,B
A.it would make it easier for them to learn fear
B.it would make them more willing to explore new things
C.it would lead them to stay away from dangerous things
D.it would encourage them not to be afraid of anything.
分析 本文屬于說明文閱讀,作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn),嬰兒沒有對蛇有天生的恐懼,這會(huì)使他們更愿意探索新事物.
解答 62.B.主旨大意題.根據(jù)第二段So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things可知文章主要講人類是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛;故選B.
63.D.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第四段When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices,they found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded可知無論在哪種聲音環(huán)境下,孩子對蛇的興趣大于其他動(dòng)物;故選D.
64.A.詞義猜測題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Children do not have an innate fear of snakes,"concluded the study可知孩子們沒有對蛇與生俱來的恐懼;意為生來;故選A.
65.C.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第七段babies'surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake,even when it was shown with a fearful voice可知孩子的心臟反應(yīng)變化不大,當(dāng)他們聽到一個(gè)可怕的聲音;故選C.
66.B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段She further explained that it was a good thing that humans didn't have an inborn fear of snakes because it would make a young infant's desire to explore new things less strong可知嬰兒沒有對蛇有天生的恐懼這會(huì)使他們更愿意探索新事物;故選B.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力,做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句,和題干進(jìn)行比較,再做出正確的選擇.在做推理判斷題不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí),要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷.