Would you want a doctor who got high marks in medical school just for trying hard? Apparently many college students would have no problem with that. They believe students are owed a good grade simply because they put a lot of effort into a class.
The researchers asked more than 800 undergraduates if they agreed or disagreed with some statements. For example: "If I have completed most of the reading for a class, I deserve a B in that course." And: "A professor should not be annoyed with me if I receive an important call during class."
Just 16 percent thought it was OK to take that phone call. But 66 percent agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades. And 40 percent thought they should get a B, the second highest mark, just because they did most of the reading for class.
Some experts are not surprised that students often see no difference between effort and results. Social critics like to say that in children's activities these days everyone gets an award just for trying, so no one will feel rejected.
Yet competition to get into the best colleges is fiercer than ever. Students may worry that low grades will keep them out of graduate school or a good job.
And there may be another explanation: pressure from parents to get a good return on the family's investment. These days, college can cost more than a house.
A former teaching assistant recently wrote to the New York Times about his experience with grade expectations. He would try to explain it this way when students asked for a top grade just for studying hard in chemistry class:
What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others, but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway, just because he tried so hard?
The students would say no. But most of them would still ask for an A.
小題1:What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．How students can get a good grade in the course.
B．Whether students are allowed to answer calls in class.
C．Whether students deserve high marks just for trying hard.
D．Why students put a lot of efforts in their studies.
小題2:According to the research, most of the students _______.
A. thought it was all right to answer the call during class.
B. objected to deciding grades only by the quality of a student’s work.
C. thought they did most of the work for class and should get a B.
D. agreed that they should be given top grades because of their hard work.
小題3: Which of the following opinions do social critics agree to about children’s activities?
A．Those who are active in the activities can get an award.
B．Only by playing an important role in the activities can you get an award.
C．An award is prepared for anyone who performs best in the activities.
D．Whoever takes part in the activities can get an award.
小題4:From the sixth paragraph we can learn that _____.
A．it costs much more to build a college than to buy a house.
B．the costs of studying at college are much more than staying at home.
C．the costs of sending a child to college are much more than buying a house.
D．it is difficult for parents to send a child to college.
小題5:What does the former assistant want to tell students with the example of the baseball player?
A．Effort can lead to good results.B．Effort is very necessary.
C．Effort and results are quite different.D．No good results, effort is unnecessary.

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:C
小題5:C

試題分析：本文屬于議論文，討論的話題是努力的過程和最終的結(jié)果哪一個更重要。文章中給出了不同的人的不同的觀點。
小題1:C 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后兩段段What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others, but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway, just because he tried so hard?和The students would say no. But most of them would still ask for an A可知本文討論的是如果學生努力了，就應(yīng)該得到較高的等級。而不要去看考試的結(jié)果。實際上也就是過程和結(jié)果的關(guān)系。故C正確。
小題2:B 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段4,5行But 66 percent agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades.可知大部分學生都認為老師來決定等級的時候，不僅僅根據(jù)作業(yè)的質(zhì)量，還要看學生的學習態(tài)度。故B正確。
小題3:D 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段后2行Social critics like to say that in children's activities these days everyone gets an award just for trying, so no one will feel rejected.可知他們認為努力了就應(yīng)該得到獎勵。故D正確。
小題4:C 細節(jié)題。根據(jù)本段And there may be another explanation: pressure from parents to get a good return on the family's investment. These days, college can cost more than a house.
可知現(xiàn)在父母在學生的教育方面投資很大，都超過了購買房子的費用了。故C正確。
小題5:C 推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others, but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway, just because he tried so hard?可知他認為努力和結(jié)果還是有很多的差別的。這位運動員很努力，但是最后的結(jié)果還是不好，仍然不能被選中去參加比賽。故C正確。
點評：本文屬于議論文，討論的話題是努力的過程和最終的結(jié)果哪一個更重要。要求考生讀懂文章中的每個句子的意思還要推理它們之間的關(guān)系，結(jié)合自己的生活常識和經(jīng)驗，再通過邏輯推理和判斷，理解文章的言外之意，從而揭示文章的深層涵義。任何一篇文章都有其特定的寫作目的，讀者應(yīng)當知道如何去做或按照某種方式傳遞思考問題。推理判斷題的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理時我們務(wù)必要忠于原文，在文章中尋找并確定可推論的依據(jù)，即：已知部分－推論的前提，從中推測出未知部分－推理的結(jié)論，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

C
Education is not an end but a means to an end．In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them．Our purpose is to fit them for life．
In some modern countries, it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation．But we have already seen that free education for all is not enough; we find in some countries a far larger number of people with university degrees．They refuse to do what they think “l(fā)ow” work and, in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries．But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of professor．We can live without education, but we die if we have no food．If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases．
In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in certain ways．Firstly each of us can do whatever work suited to our brains and ability．Secondly, we should realize that all jobs are necessary to society．It is very bad to be shamed of one’s work．Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society．
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C．The Value of Education．D．The Type of Education．
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