Question

【題目】 While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence.

For this study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposed eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy. Half the dogs were rewarded for touching the screen when shown a happy face, while the other half were given their treat for selecting those that appeared angry.

Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face. Some dogs were shown only upper halves while the others observed lower halves. That’s because the scientists believe humans show their eruptions on their entire face.

After some training on how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that accompany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face, the researchers concluded the dogs were smart enough to read human emotions.

They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn. They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to back away quickly. However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear. In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the computer “game” that scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was completed.

The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touched screen models were all females, this confirmed what had been observed in previous studies—dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner.

【1】How did the scientists conduct the experiment?

A.By mixing the selected dogs together.

B.By rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screen.

C.By leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry.

D.By showing digital pictures of women’s happy or angry faces.

【2】What is the meaning of the underlined word “trepidation” in Paragraph 5?

A.fear and hesitationB.doubt and uncertainty

C.curiosity and eagernessD.excitement and happiness

【3】According to the last paragraph, dogs with female owners ________.

A.are scared away at the male faces

B.can only read the expressions on partial faces

C.are uninterested in telling facial expressions

D.have difficulty telling the moods on the faces of males

【4】What is the best title for this passage?

A.Dogs and Their OwnersB.Dogs’ Mood Research

C.Dogs Identify the MoodsD.Mood Changes Influence Dogs

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】A

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了最新的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，即狗能夠識別人的面部表情變化。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“For this study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposed eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy.”可知，這次實(shí)驗(yàn)是通過給那些狗看一些女士生氣或高興的圖片來進(jìn)行的。故選D項(xiàng)。

【2】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文“They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to back away quickly.( 他們猜測，這可能是因?yàn)楣酚X得憤怒的臉令人惡心，所以它們會(huì)迅速后退。)”可知生氣的面龐會(huì)使狗害怕而立刻遠(yuǎn)離，而劃線單詞所在句 “However”轉(zhuǎn)折副詞，說明前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此可推知?jiǎng)澗�單詞所在句“the trepidation seemed to disappear”表達(dá)狗不再害怕，即害怕或恐懼消失。因此“the trepidation”可理解為選項(xiàng)A“fear and hesitation(恐懼和猶豫)”。故選A項(xiàng)。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段內(nèi)容“The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touched screen models were all females, this confirmed what had been observed in previous studies—dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner.( 研究人員還注意到，只有擁有男性主人的狗在理解這些表情方面更加困難。由于觸屏模特都是女性，這證實(shí)了之前的研究中所觀察到的情況——狗更善于識別與主人性別相同的人的面部表情。)”可知，狗擅長識別與自己主人性別相同的人的表情，由此推斷讓主人是女性的狗來辨別男性面部表情的圖片是比較困難的。故選D項(xiàng)。

【4】主旨大意題。文章結(jié)構(gòu)為總分結(jié)構(gòu)，第一段提出本文的中心話題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence.”可知，文章主要介紹了最新的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，即狗能夠識別人的面部表情變化。選項(xiàng)C“Dogs Identify the Moods”合理概括了文章主題，可作最佳標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。

歸納標(biāo)題題

閱讀理解文章多是議論文和說明文，這兩種文體的結(jié)構(gòu)可歸納為：提出問題——論述問題——得出結(jié)論或者闡明觀點(diǎn)。對于這類文章，抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭或結(jié)尾。一般而言，以演繹法撰寫的文章，主題句往往在文章的開頭，即先點(diǎn)出主題，然后圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。判斷第一句是否為主題句，可具體分析段落的首句與第二，三句的關(guān)系；如果從第二句就開始對第一句進(jìn)行說明，論述或描述，那第一句就是主題句。

比如文章第4小題：

4. What is the best title for this passage?

A. Dogs and Their Owners B. Dogs’ Mood Research

C. Dogs Identify the Moods D. Mood Changes Influence Dogs

本題要求選出最佳標(biāo)題，文章為說明文，因此主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭，即首段。通過閱讀第一段內(nèi)容“While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence.”可知，第一句應(yīng)是主題句，第二句對第一句進(jìn)行說明，解釋其根據(jù)。第一句的核心應(yīng)是“their dogs can read their moods perfectly”，對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C“Dogs Identify the Moods”。故答案為C項(xiàng)。