In general, it seems reasonable to suppose that we should prefer peace and quiet to noise. And yet most of us have had the experience of having to adjust to sleeping in the mountains or the countryside because it was initially “too quiet”, an experience that suggests that humans are capable of adapting to a wide range of noise levels. Research supports this view. For example, Glass and Singer (1972) exposed people to short bursts of very loud noise and then measured their ability to work out problems and their physiological reactions to the noise. The noise was quite disruptive at first, but after about four minutes the subjects were doing just as well on their tasks as control subjects who were not exposed to noise. Their physiological reactions also declined quickly to the same levels as those of the control subjects.
But there are limits to adaptation and loud noise becomes more troublesome if the person is required to concentrate on more than one task. For example, high noise levels affect the performance of subjects who were required to monitor three dials at a time, a task not unlike that of a plane pilot or an air-traffic controller. Similarly, noise did not affect a subject’s ability to track a moving line with a steering wheel, but it did affect the subject’s ability to repeat numbers while tracking (Finkelm and Glass 1970).
Probably the most significant finding from the research on noise is that its predictability is more important than how loud it is. We are much more able to “tune out” long-lasing background noise, even if it is quite loud, than to work under circumstances with unexpected disturbance of noise. In Glass and Singer’s study, in which subjects were exposed to bursts of noise as they worked on a task, some subjects heard loud bursts and others heard soft bursts. For some subjects, the bursts were spaced exactly one minute apart (predictable noise); others heard the some amount of noise overall, but the bursts occurred at random intervals (unpredictable noise). Subjects reported finding the predictable and unpredictable noise equally annoying, and all subjects performed at about the same level during the noise portion of the experiment. But the different noise conditions had quite different after-effects when the subjects were required to proofread written material under conditions of no noise. The study shows that the unpredictable noise produced more errors in the later proofreading task than predictable noise; and soft unpredictable noise actually produced slightly more errors on this task than the loud predictable noise.
Apparently, unpredictable noise produces more fatigue than predictable noise, but it takes a while for this fatigue to take its toll on performance.
小題1:When talking about people’s difficulty in sleeping in the mountains, what can be inferred in the passage?
A．They usually do not prefer peace and quiet to noise.
B．They may be exposed to short bursts of very strange sounds.
C．They prefer to hear a certain amount of noise while they sleep.
D．They may not have adapted to a higher noise level in the city.
小題2:What did Glass and Singer find in their noise experiment?
A．Problem-solving is much easier under quiet conditions.
B．Physiological reactions prevent the ability to work.
C．Bursts of noise hardly disturb problem-solving in the long term.
D．The physiological reactions of the control subjects declined quickly.
小題3:Researchers discovered that high noise levels are not likely to affect the __________.
A．successful performance of a single task
B．tasks of pilots or air traffic controllers
C．a(chǎn)bility to repeat numbers while tracking moving lines
D．a(chǎn)bility to monitor three dials at once
小題4: What does “take its toll on performance” in the passage probably mean?
A．Destroy the performance completely.
B．Have a negative effect on the performance.
C．Improve the performance greatly.
D．Have a positive influence on the performance.

小題1:C
小題1:C
小題1:A
小題1:B
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

If you have ever experienced jet lag(飛行時(shí)差反應(yīng))，you know how much of a drag it can be. Jet lag happens as a result of air travel, when traveling between two or more time zones. Your body is used to operating in a certain time zone, and when its timing is affected, you’re likely to have problems.
Edward Norton’s character in the movies Fight Club faces the struggle of jet-lag-induced sleeplessness due to his constant traveling. Sleeplessness is just one of the effects of jet lag, and it can lead to other problems, such as tiredness, memory loss and confusion. That’s not something you should have to fight on a business trip and it certainly won’t make your vacation very enjoyable, either.
Sleeplessness is the biggest problem for travelers that suffer from jet lag. Don’t worry. You can do something to prevent it.
Modify(改變)Your Body Clock
To prevent the effects on your body’s timing that come with crossing time zones, you need to change your body clock sooner, rather than later. You can do this by putting yourself on the same time as your destination time zone before you fly. If you know that you will be traveling to London from the eastern United States, you’ll have a five-hour time difference to deal with. Plan for it.
Avoid Heavy Food and Alcohol(酒精)
Part of the pleasure of flying commercially, especially if you fly business or first class, is taking advantages of the food and drinks. If you want to avoid jet lag, though, you should think twice. Eating heavy food will only make the jet lag worse. It isn’t good to drink alcohol during a flight, either, because it may make you drowsy. Wait until your body adjusts(調(diào)整) before you decide to have heavy food or drink alcohol.
小題1:
What is the main idea of the passage?
A．What jet lag is and the effects it has.
B．What jet lag is and the movies about it.
C．How jet lag happens and how to fight it.
D．How jet lag happens and tips on traveling safely.
小題2:
Norton’s character in Fight Club has to fight with         .
A．confusionB．sleeplessness
C．heavy drinkingD．memory loss
小題3:
The underlined word “drowsy” probably means “     ”.
A．worriedB．shockedC．sleepyD．excited
小題4:
According to the passage, in order to prevent jet lag, you should         .
A．sleep for the whole flightB．drink little alcohol
C．not fly business classD．know your destination well
小題5:
The passage is most likely taken from         .
A．a(chǎn) travel magazineB．a(chǎn)n entertainment report
C．a(chǎn) geography magazineD．a(chǎn) fashion website

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

51---------
Successful people are nicer to those who are jealous of them, psychologists have found.
　　　The fear that they may become the target of malicious（惡意的）envy makes people act more helpfully toward people who they think might be jealous of them.
　　　Previous research found jealousy could be divided into benign and malicious envy. Those with benign envy were motivated to improve themselves, to do better so they could be more like the person they envied.52--------　The Dutch researchers then set out to question the effect on the target of the envy.
In lab experiments a group of people were made to feel like they would be maliciously envied by being told they would receive an award of five euros（歐元）53-------The researchers thought that the deserved prize would lead to benign envy, while the undeserved prize would lead to malicious envy.
　　　Then the volunteer was asked to give time-consuming advice to a potentially envious person.People who had reason to think they would be the target of malicious envy were more likely to take the time to give advice than targets of benign envy.
　　　In another experiment, an experimenter dropped a number of erasers on the floor as the volunteer was leaving.54--------　He said: 'This sort of serves a useful group function. We all think better-off people should share with others but that's not something we are inclined to do when we are better off..55----------　　
A．Those who thought they would be maliciously envied were more likely to help him pick them up.
B．Helping others is a virtue.
C．However those with malicious envy wanted tobringthe more successful persondown.
D．Malicious envy. is terrible.
E. This fear of envy can encourage us to behave in ways that improve the social interactions of the group.'
　　F. People are more likely to help others if they think they are envious of them.
G.. Sometimes the prize was deserved and was based on the score they were told they had earned on a quiz. But sometimes it was not based on their score at all.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We each have a memory（記憶力）. That’s why we can still remember things after a long time. Some people have very good memories and they can easily learn many things by heart, but some people can only remember things when they say or do them again and again. Many of the great men of the world have got surprising memories.
A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his mother language when he is a small child. He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Some children are living with their parents in foreign countries. They can learn two languages as easily as one because they hear, remember and speak two languages every day. In school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.
But your memory will become better and better when you do more and more exercises.
小題1:、Some people can easily learn many things by heart because                .
A．they always sleep very wellB．they often eat good food
C．they read a lot of booksD．they have very good memories
小題2:.、Everybody learns his mother language         .
A．a(chǎn)t the age of sixB．when he is a small child
C．a(chǎn)fter he goes to schoolD．when he can read and write
小題3:.、Before a child can speak, he must              .
A．read and writeB．make sentences
C．hear and remember the soundsD．think hard
小題4:.、In school the pupils can’t learn a foreign language well because          .
A．they have no good memoriesB．they have no recorders
C．they have too much time for itD．they are busy with other subjects
小題5:.、Your memory will become better and better          .
A．if you have plenty of good food
B．if you do more and more exercises
C．if you do morning exercises every day
D．if you get up early

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

An early invention by Albert Einstein has been rebuilt by scientists at Oxford University. They are trying to develop an environmentally friendly refrigerator that runs without electricity.
We all know that modern fridges cause damage to the environment. They work by using a kind of man-made greenhouse gas called Freon (氟里昂), which is far more damaging than carbon dioxide.
Now Malcolm McCulloch, an electrical engineer at Oxford, is leading a three-year project to develop appliances that can be used in places without electricity.
His team has completed a prototype (樣機(jī)) of a fridge patented in 1930 by Einstein. It used only pressurized gases to keep things cold. The design was partly used in the first refrigerators, but the technology was dropped when more efficient compressors (壓縮機(jī)) became popular in the 1950s. That meant a switch to using Freon.
Einstein's idea uses butane (丁烷) and water and takes advantage of the fact that liquids boil at lower temperatures, when the air pressure around them is lower.
"If you go to the top of Mount Qomolangma, water boils at a much lower temperature than it does when you're at sea level and that's because the pressure is much lower up there," said McCulloch.At one side is the evaporator (蒸發(fā)器), a bottle that contains liquid butane. "If you introduce a new vapor above the butane, the liquid boiling temperature decreases and, as it boils off, it takes energy from the surroundings to do so," says McCulloch. "That's what makes it cold."
The gas fridges based on Einstein's design were replaced by Freon-compressor fridges partly because Einstein's design was not very efficient. But McCulloch thinks that by changing the design and replacing the types of gases used it will be possible to quadruple (翻兩番) the efficiency.
However, McCulloch's fridge is still in its early stages. "It's very much a prototype," he said. "Give us another month and we'll have it working."
小題1: According to the passage, an early invention by Albert Einstein _______.
A．has been rediscovered because it costs much less and works more efficiently
B．is being redesigned because it could be used in places without electricity
C．has just been found to be energy-saving and environmentally friendly
D．will be fully made use of and become the fridge of the future
小題2:Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Freon was used in fridges long before the 1950s.
B．Freon is what makes current fridges big polluters.
C．McCulloch thinks he could improve Einstein's design by using other types of vapors.
D．The fridge Malcolm McCulloch and his team designed will be put into production soon.
小題3:We can learn from the text that the prototype completed _______.
A．changed the air pressure around it
B．was tested on the top of Mount Everest
C．increased the liquid boiling temperature
D．used only pressurized gases to keep things cold
小題4:McCulloch's words in Paragraph 6 _____.
A．serve as an explanation for the principle behind Einstein's fridge
B．give you the reason why Einstein's fridge was not efficient
C．tell you how to take advantage of low air pressure
D．show you how Einstein's fridge works

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Welcome to Adventure land!
Everyone loves Adventure land! The Parks and Exhibitions were built for you to explore(探索), enjoy, and admire their wonders. Every visit will be an unforgettable experience. You will go away enriched, longing to come back. What are you going to do this time?
The Travel Pavilion
Explore places you have never been to before, and experience different ways of life. Visit the Amazon jungle(叢林)village, the Turkish market, the Thai floating market, the Berber mountain house and others. Talk to the people there who will tell you about their lives and things they make. You can try making a carpet, making nets, fishing…
The Future Tower
This exhibition shows how progress will touch our lives. It allows us to look into the future and explore the cities of the next century and the way we’ll be living then. Spend some time in our space station and climb into our simulator(模擬裝置)for the Journey to Mars!
The Nature Park
This is not really one park but several.
In the Safari Park you can drive among African animals in one of our Range Cruisers: see lions, giraffes, elephants in the wild. Move on to the Ocean Park to watch the dolphins and whales. And then there is still the Aviary to see…
The Pyramid
This is the center of Adventure land. Run out of film, need some postcards and stamps? For all these things and many more, visit our underground shopping center. Come here for information and ideas too.
小題1:The Travel Pavilion is built to help visitors _______.
A．learn how to make things such as fishing nets
B．realize the importance of travelling
C．learn something about different places in the world
D．become familiar with mountain countries
小題2:If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit _______.
A．the Safari ParkB．the Travel Pavilion
C．the Future TowerD．the Pyramid
小題3:If you want to get a souvenir（紀(jì)念品）to take home, where will you most likely go?
A．The Pyramid.B．The Future Tower.
C． The Nature Park.D．The Travel Pavilion.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When my grandmother was raising me in Stamps, Arkansas, she had a particular routine（慣例）when people who were known to be whiners entered her store. My grandmother would ask the customer, “How are you doing today, Thomas?”
The person would reply, “Not so good today, Henderson. You see, it’s this summer heat. I just hate it. It just makes me tired. It’s almost killing me.’ Then my grandmother would stand calmly, her arms folded, and say, “Uh-huh, uh-huh.”
As soon as the complainer was out of the store, my grandmother would call me to stand in front of her. Then she would say the same thing she had said at least a thousand times, it seemed to me. “Jane, did you hear what so-and-so complained about?” And I would nod. Grandmother would continue, “Jane, there are people who went to sleep all over the world last night, poor and rich and black and white, but they will never wake again. Those dead people would give anything, anything at all for just five minutes of this weather that person was complaining about. So you watch yourself about complaining, Jane. What you’re supposed to do when you don’t like a thing is change it. If you can’t change it, change the way you think about it. Don’t complain.”
I have learned a lot from my grandmother. Her opinions always hit the nail on the head. Whining is not only impolite, but can be dangerous.
小題1:
The underlined word “whiners” in paragraph 1 refers to those people who ________.
A．think little of themselvesB．enter a store regularly
C．a(chǎn)re afraid of hot weatherD．complain often
小題2:
From what the author’s grandmother said, we can infer that ________.
A．she tried to comfort the whinersB．she was impolite to the whiners
C．she was against whiningD．she shared the whiners’ opinions
小題3:
The author’s grandmother told her to ________.
A．be sympathetic(同情) to the deadB．treasure（珍惜）every moment of her life
C．keep away from the whinersD．get used to things she disliked
小題4:
What is the purpose of the author in writing the passage?
A．To show that complaining is not only rude but harmful.
B．To tell us a story about her grandmother.
C．To show how to live one’s life to the fullest.
D．To tell us people’s different attitudes towards complaining.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Below is adapted from an English dictionary. Use the dictionary to answer the following questions.
figure / fīg? / noun, verb                           
●noun 1 [C, often pl.] a number representing a particular amount, especially one given in official information: the trade /sales figures
2 [C] a symbol rather than a word representing one of the numbers between 0 and 9: a six-figure salary 3 [pl.] (informal) the area of mathematics that deals with adding, multiplying, etc. numbers  4 [C] a person of the type mentioned: Gandhi was both a political and a religious figure in Indian history.  5 [C] the shape of a person seen from a distance or not clearly  6 [C] a person or an animal as shown in art or a story: a wall with five carved figures in it   7 [C] the human shape, considered from the point of view of being attractively thin: doing exercise to improve one’s figure   8 [C] a pattern or series of movements performed on ice: figure-skating  [IDM] be/become a figure of fun: be/become sb. that others laugh at   cut a…figure: (of a person) to have a particular appearance He cut a striking figure in his dinner jacket.  put a figure on sth.: to say the exact price or number of sth.
a fine figure of man / woman: a tall, strong-looking and well-shaped person  figure of speech: a word or phrase used in a different way from its usual meanings in order to create a particular mental image or effect  figurehead: someone who is the head or chief in name only (with no real power or authority)
●verb  1 to think or decide that sth. will happen or is true: I figured that if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by morning.  2 to be part of a process, situation, etc. especially an important part: My opinion of the matter didn’t seem to figure at all.  3 to calculate an amount or the cost of sth.: We figured that attendance at 150,000.  [PHRV] 1 figure in: to include (in a sum): Have you figured in the cost of hotel?   2 figure on: to plan on; to expect sth. to happen: I haven’t figured on his getting home too late.   3 figure out: to work out; understand by thinking: Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?   [IDM] It/That figures! (informal): That seems reasonable, logical and what I expect.
小題1:
—She was coming late again for the work.
—________! That’s typical of her. You just can’t do anything to stop her doing that.
A．It figures her outB．It figures
C．It cuts a poor figureD．She is a figure of fun
小題2:
The phrase “watch my figure” in the sentence “Don’t tempt me with chocolate; I am watching my figure.” means “________”.
A．a(chǎn)dd the numbersB．have sports
C．try not to get fatD．watch games
小題3:
Which underlined word in the following sentences is used as figure of speech?
A．John is fond of animals and raises a rabbit as a pet.
B．In some countries, bamboo can be used to build houses.
C．We all regard Mr. Smith as an important figure in our company.
D．I didn’t really mean my partner was a snake.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The iPhone, the iPad, the iPod, each of apple's products sounds cool and has become a pad (一時(shí)的風(fēng)尚). Apple has cleverly taken advantage of the power of the letter “i”，-- and many other brands are following suit. The BBC’s iPlayer —which allows Web users to watch TV programs on the internet—adopted the title in 2008. A lovely bear—popular in the US and UK—that plays music and video is called “iTeddy”.A slimmed-down version of London’s Independent newspaper，was launched last week under the name “i”.
In general，single-letter prefix have been popular since the 1990s，when terms such as e-mail and e-commerce first came into use.
Most “i”products are targeted at young people and considering the major readers of the Independent’s “i”，it’s no surprise that they’ve selected this fashionable name.
But it’s hard to see what’s so special about the letter “i”.Why not use “a”，“b”or “c”instead？According to Tony Thorne，head of Language Center at King’s College，London，“i”works because its meaning has become ambiguous .When Apple uses “i”，no one knows whether it means internet，information，individual or interactive，Thorne told BBC magazines “even when Apple created the iPod，it seems it didn’t have one clear definition，”he says.
“However，thanks to Apple，the term is now associated with portability （輕便）， ”adds Thorne.
Clearly the letter “i”also agrees with the idea that the Western World is centered on the individual. Each person believes they have their own needs，and we love personalized products for this reason.
Along with “Google”and “blog”，readers of  BBC magazines voted “i”as one of the top 20 words that have come to define the last decade.
But as history shows，people grow tired of fads. From the 1900s to the 1990s，products with “2000”in their names became fashionable as the year was associated with all things advanced and modern. However，as we entered the new century，the trend inevitably disappeared.
小題1:
We can infer that the Independent’s “i”is aimed at _______.
A．young readersB．old readersC．fashionable womenD．engineers
小題2:

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