Imagine that the genome (基因組) is a book. The book consists of 23 chapters with thousands of stories made up of paragraphs, words and letters on different levels. There are one billion words in the book, which makes it longer than 5,000 volumes the size of this book, or as long as 800 Bibles. If I read the genome out to you at the rate of one word per second for eight hours a day, it would take me a century. If I wrote out the human genome, one letter per millimeter, my text would be as long as the River Danube. This is an enormous document. A huge volume, a cook book of great length, and it all fits inside the extremely small nucleus (核) of a tiny cell that fits easily upon the head of a pin.
The idea of the genome as a book is not, strictly speaking, even a metaphor (比喻), It is true to a great extent. A book is a piece of digital information, written in one-directional form and defined by a code that translates a small alphabet of letters into a large dictionary of meanings through the order of their groupings. So is a genome. The only complication is that all English books read from left to right, while some parts of the genome read from left to right, and some from right to left, though never both at the same time.
While English books are written in words of different lengths using twenty-six letters. Genomes are written entirely in three-letter words, using only four letters, And instead of being written on flat pages, they are written on long chains of DNA molecules (分子), The genome is a very clever book, because in the right conditions it can both photocopy itself and read itself.
小題1:How do human genomes read according to the passage?
A．Only from left to right.B．Only from right to left.
C．From both directions at the same timeD．From one direction at a time
小題2:We can learn from the passage that the human genome ______.
A．is as long as the River Danube
B．can be easily placed on the head of a pin
C．is coded with and alphabet of four letters
D．is smart enough to read and take photos of itself
小題3:It can be concluded that the passage is mainly written for ______.
A．specialists in the field B．general readers
C．natural scientistsD．readers with academic background
小題4:The real purpose of the author’s comparison of the genome to a book is ______.
A．to focus on the differences between the two
B．to lay emphasis on the similarities between the two
C．to simplify the concept of the human genome
D．to give an exact description of the human genome

小題1:D
小題1:C
小題1:B
小題1:C
略
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Children lie on couches or sit on floors, nearly hypnotized(迷住) by all kinds of messages coming from the television. This scene has become all too familiar. Increasingly, young children are adopting a watching-TV lifestyle, at s stage in life when activity is important to their growth. Furthermore, family time is being destroyed by too much TV time. Here are some facts you need to know:
*Research shows that children spend between five and six hours per day watching TV, and they go to bed before having any communication with other family members.
*Time spent in front of a screen is reducing the amount of time children spend sleeping.
*The more time a youth spends in front of a screen, the more likely he or she is to be overweight.
Experts(專家) offer the following advice to parents on how to stop their children from becoming addicted to television:
*Do not put a TV in a child’s bedroom.
*Make meal time, family time -----turn off the TV during a family meal time. Better yet, remove the TV from the eating area.
*Make TV time active time by doing simple exercise during advertisement breaks.
*Help your kids be clever TV watchers by teaching them to recognize a sales trick in advertisements(廣告).
*Create family memories by planning fun activities instead of always watching TV with your family.
*_______. Limit your own TV watching to less than two hours per day. The best way to learn is to follow; this is especially true for children.
小題1:Which fact is not mentioned(提到) as a result of watching TV in this passage?
A．Family time has been destroyed.
B．Children who watch too much TV are often overweight.
C．Children spend less time sleeping because of watching TV.
D．Children’s study can be badly influenced if they watch too much TV.
小題2:Which of the following is one piece of advice given in this passage?
A．Parents should teach children to judge TV advertisements.
B．TV should be removed from homes that have children.
C．The family should watch TV together while eating.
D．Parents should not allow children to watch TV.
小題3:The sentence in the blank in the last advice should be “_______”.
A．Be a good role modelB．Limit children’s TV time
C．TV time should not be over 2 hours.D．Watching too much TV is bad for children

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In American schools there is something called Home-coming Day. Many high schools and colleges with a football team have a homecoming game. This can be the most important event of the year except graduation(畢業(yè)) or commencement(授獎(jiǎng)典禮) day. Students plan homecoming day for many weeks in advance(預(yù)先).
Several days before Homecoming, students start to decorate(裝飾) the school. There are signs to wish luck to the team, and many other signs to welcome all the graduates. Many people still come to Homecoming twenty or thirty years after their graduation.
The members of school clubs build booths(攤位) and sell lemonade,apples and sandwiches. Some clubs help to welcome visitors.
During the day people like to look for teachers that they remember from long ago. Often they see old friends and they talk together about those happy years in school.
Everyone soon comes to watch the football game. When the game is half over, the bandcomes onto the field and plays school songs. Another important moment is when the Home-corning Queen or King appears. All the students vote a most popular student Homecoming Queen or King. It is a great honor to be chosen.
Homecoming is a happy day, but it is not perfect unless the football team wins the game. Even if the team loses, the students still enjoy Homecoming. Some stay at the school to dance, and others go to a party. For everyone it is a day worth remembering.
小題1:The most important event of the year in high schools and colleges is ________.
A．homecomingB．the football gameC．graduationD．winning the game
小題2: When do students begin to arrange everything for Homecoming?
A．The day before Homecoming.B．Many weeks before the day.
C．when the guests arrive.D．In the days before Homecoming.
小題3: Which of the following is NOT done on Homecoming?
A．To see old friends.B．To call on teachers they remember.
C．To watch the football game.D．To go home to see their family.
小題4:The underline words “vote” in the fifth paragraph means ________.
A．a(chǎn)ttend a meetingB．elect or choose
C．hold a celebration(慶祝)D．have a football match
小題5:Who can probably become Homecoming Queen or King?
A．The students who is liked most by the others.
B．The guest who is most popular with the students.
C．The students who is most liked by the guests.
D．The player who plays best in the football game.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Dogs have an understanding of fair play and become angry if they feel that another dog is getting a better deal, a new study has found.
The study looked at how dogs react when a companion is rewarded for the same trick in an unequal way. Friederike Range, a researcher at the University of Vienna in Austria, and her colleagues did a series of experiments with dogs who knew how to respond to the command “give the paw “. The dogs were normally happy to repeatedly give the paw, whether they got a reward or not. But that changed if they saw that another dog was being rewarded with a piece of food, while they received nothing.
“We found that the dogs hesitated significantly longer when obeying the command to give the paw,” the researchers write. The unrewarded dogs eventually stopped cooperating.
Scientists have long known that humans pay close attention to inequity. But researchers always assumed that animals didn’t share the trait. “The argument was that this is a uniquely human phenomenon,” says Frans de Waal, a professor of psychology at Emory University in Atlanta.
That changed in 2003 when he and a colleague did a study on monkeys. The monkeys had to hand a small rock to researchers to get a piece of cucumber in return. They were happy to do this. But if they saw that another monkey was getting a more delicious reward, a grape, for doing the same job, they would throw away the food and rock, and at some point just stopped performing.
In that experiment, the monkeys considered the fairness of two different types of payment. But when Range and her colleagues did a similar study with their trained dogs, testing to see if dogs would become upset if they only got dark bread when other dogs received sausage, they found that as long as the dogs got some kind of food payment, even if it wasn’t the most delicious kind, the animals would play along.
小題1:How did the dogs in Range’s study react to the order of “giving the paw”?
A．They took the order even without being rewarded.
B．They took the order only when rewarded.
C．They turned a deaf ear to repeated orders.
D．They hesitated longer when given repeated orders.
小題2: The research by Frans De Waal in 2003 ___________.
A．originated from Range’s research on dogs.
B．showed that animals do pay attention to inequity.
C．began the argument that only humans are aware of inequity.
D．was conducted to find out how monkeys reacted to humans’ orders.
小題3: Some monkeys in the research become angry because they found another monkey _______.
A．was given less work.
B．was given more food.
C．was given the same type of food.
D．was given more delicious food.
小題4: Range found that, compared with monkeys, dogs ____________.
A．care more about whether they are rewarded.
B．care less about what they are rewarded with.
C．care more about what they are ordered to do.
D．care less about who gives them orders.
小題5: What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Animals have various ways to show their anger.
B．Dogs are less intelligent than monkeys.
C．Dogs have a sense of fairness.
D．Most animals want to be rewarded equally.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Do you know how to tell a story? The following are some tips:
Who Will Listen?
Will you tell your story to children of your own age? Will they be friends or young people you haven’t met before? Perhaps you will tell it to younger children．Or, will it be an audience of adults? Will it be just a few people, a small group, or a large audience?
Why Are You Telling It?
There are many reasons for telling a story．Knowing why you are telling it may be the most helpful reason for choosing a story for a particular audience．
Many storytellers choose tales just to entertain （娛樂）．They tell jokes or silly stories．Others want to teach something, such as how to be kinder to animals, the environment, or other people．One storyteller likes to encourage his listeners to try new things．Some babysitters tell stories to help children feel not afraid of thunder, lightning or scary shadows in their rooms．Others want to make people think or to help people remember．Some like to frighten their audiences with ghost stories．
Where Will You Speak?
How you tell your story and what story helpers you use depend on where you will be speaking．Will you be talking at an evening party, in your classroom, in a library storytelling program, at a family dinner, at a museum, at a storytelling festival, or during a religious program?
小題1:The author mainly shows his ideas by ______．
A．listing questionsB．describing
C．comparingD．giving examples
小題2:According to the author, when telling a story, you should pay attention to ______．
①the hobbies of the audience
②the jobs of the audience
③the age of the audience
④the size of the audience
⑤the reason for telling a story
A．①②③B．②③④C．③④⑤D．①③④
小題3:The purpose of knowing why you are telling a story is to ______．
A．choose stories suitable for a certain audience
B．do something good to animals, the environment or other people
C．decide what can help you
D．satisfy different listeners

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Animals are more like us than we ever imagined．They feel pain, they experience stress, they show affection, excitement and love．All these findings have been made by scientists in recent years---and such results are beginning to change how we view animals.
Strangely enough, some of this research was sponsored by fast food companies like McDonald’s and KFC．Pressured by animal rights groups , these companies felt they had to fund scientists researching the emotional and mental states of animals.
McDonald’s, for instance, funded studies on pig behavior at Purdue University, Indiana．This research found that pigs seek affection and easily become depressed if left alone or prevented from playing with each other．If they become depressed, they soon become physically ill．Because of this, and other similar studies, the European Union has banned the use of isolating pig stalls from 2010．In Germany, the government is encouraging pig farmers to give each pig 20 seconds of human contact a day, and to provide them with toys to prevent them from fighting
Other scientists have shown that animals think and behave like humans．Koko, the 300-pound gorilla at the Gorilla Foundation in Northern California, for instance, has been taught sign language．Koko can now understand several thousand English words, more than many humans who speak English as a second language．On human IQ tests, she scores between 70 and 95.
Before such experiments, humans thought language skills were absent from the animal kingdom．Other myths are also being overturned, like the belief that animals lack self-awareness．Studies have also shown that animals mourn their dead, and that they play for pleasure.
These striking similarities between animal and human behavior have led some to ask a question: “If you believe in evolution, how can’t you believe that animals have feelings that human  beings have?”
Until recently, scientists believed that animals behaved by instinct and that what appeared to be learned behavior was merely genetically-programmed activity．But as Koko the Gorilla shows, this is not the case．In fact, learning is passed from parent to offspring far more often than not in the animal kingdom.
So what implications does this knowledge have for humans? Because of this, should we ban hunting and animal testing? Should we close zoos? Such questions are being raised by many academics and politicians．Harvard and 25 other American law schools have introduced courses on animal rights．Germany meanwhile, recently guaranteed animal rights in its constitution---the first country to do so.
小題1:McDonald’s and KFC give money to support scientist to do research on animals, because_____
A．they are international big companies.
B．they love animals.
C．they are pressured by animal right groups.
D．they earn a large amount of money and want to do some good deeds.
小題2:The research on pigs at Purdue University shows that______
A．pigs love being alone.
B．pigs easily become physically ill.
C．pigs need affection.
D．pigs don’t like to play with each other.
小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A．Animals behave by instinct.
B．Animals have self-awareness.
C．Animals have feelings and love.
D．Animals do not have language skills.
小題4:Should we ban hunting and animal testing?
A．Yes.
B．No
C．Not certain
D．Not mentioned

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Ever thought you’d get to experience the smell of ancient Egyptian queen Cleopatra’s hair, or the scent(氣味) of the sun? Visitors to the Reg Vardy Gallery will soon be able to do just that.
The gallery, at Sunderland University, England, is holding a new exhibition “If There Ever Was”. It focuses on scent rather than sight.
The innovative(創(chuàng)新的) idea is the brainchild of curator(館長(zhǎng)) Robert Blackson. His inspiration came from reading the book Fast Food Nation. The book discussed the use of artificial chemicals to flavor things such as milkshakes, making them smell and taste like strawberries, when they’re not actually made from them.
A smell can often conjure up(召喚) memories such as school dinners or a childhood holiday by the sea, but the smells on display, will allow visitors to experience smells their noses won’t have been able to pick out before.
“There’s a whole variety of different smells, including some extinct flowers,” explains Blackson. “Some have been gone for hundreds of years.”
One extraordinary fragrance(香氣) is the aftermath(災(zāi)難的后果) of the first atomic bomb, dropped on Japan on August 6,1945.
There is also the smell of Clepatra’s hair, based on incense(熏香) that was popular among ancient Egyptians.
The Soviet Mir space station, which burnt up in the atmosphere in 2001, smells of charred(燒焦的) material (the space station caught fire).
Among the stranger smells is the “surface of the sun”.
“It is hard to sum up. It is an atmospheric smell, like walking into a room when the sun has been pouring in” says Blackson. “It gives a freshness, a sun kissed feel with a bit of metal. If you can say something smells hot, this is it.”
A team of 11, including perfume designers, have been working on recreating the smells for the exhibition. James Wong, a botanist（植物學(xué)家）at Botanic Gardens Conservation International, UK, helped in the recreation of the smells of four extinct flowering plants.
He did this by closely linking the extinct flowers with the smells of existing ones. With the help of historical reports of how the extinct flowers smelled, he was able to remix the aromas(芳香).
The exhibition runs until June 6.Fourteen extinct and impossible smells are on display.
小題1:What might be the best title of the passage?
A．The Reg Vardy GalleryB．Egyptian queen Cleopatra’s hair
C．A visit to a new exhibitionD．The scents of ancient Egypt
小題2:Visitors can enjoy all of the following scents at the Reg Vardy Gallery EXCEPT  .
A．the scent of ancient Egyptian queen Cleopatra’s hair
B．the smells of charred material of the Soviet Mir space station
C．the scent of having a childhood vacation by the sea
D．the smell of the aftermath of the first atomic bomb dropped on Japan
小題3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Visitors go to Reg Vardy Gallery to enjoy beautiful sights.
B．James Wong managed to remix the aromas by referring to some historical reports.
C．The exhibition will last until July 6.
D．The scents visitors will smell are found in the tomb (墳?zāi)? of the ancient Egyptian queen Cleopatra.
小題4:In which session are you likely to read the passage in a newspaper?
A．ScienceB．EducationC．EntertainmentD．Economy

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The temperature of the sun is over 5000 degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center．The sun is so much hotter than die earth that matter can exist only as a gas, except at the core．In the core of the sun, the pressures are so great against the gases that, despite the high temperature, there may be a small solid core．However, no one really knows, since the center of the sun can never be directly observed．
Solar astronomers do know that the sun is divided into five layers or zones．Starting at the outside and going down into the sun, the zones are the corona, chromosphere, photosphere, convection zone and finally the core．The first three zones are regarded as the sun's atmosphere．
But since the sun has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere ends and the main
body of the sun begins．
The sun's outermost layer begins about 10000 miles above the visible surface and goes outward for mllions of miles．This is the only part of the sun that can be seen during an eclipse（日食） such as the one in February 1979．At any other time, the corona can be seen only when special instruments are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the glare of the sun's rays．
The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy light, about as bright as the full moon．Its beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse．The corona's rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike（一束束穗狀） rays near the sun's north and south poles．The corona is thickest at the sun's equator．
The corona rays are made up of gases streaming outward at tremendous speeds sad reaching a temperature of more than 2 million degrees Fahrenheit．The rays of gas thin out as they reach the space around the planets．By the time the sun's corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak and invisible．
小題1:Matter on the aim can exist only in fee form of gas because of the sun's ___．
A．sizeB．a(chǎn)geC．locationD．temperature
小題2:All of the following are parts of the sun's atmosphere EXCEPT the ___．
A．coronaB．chromosphereC．photosphere D．core
小題3:According to the passage, as the corona ra5,'s reach -die plaasts, they become ___．
A．hotterB．clearer C．thinnerD．stronger
小題4:Which of 'die following do the paragraphs following the passage most likely discuss?
A．The remaining layers of the sun．
B．The evolution of the sun to its present form．
C．The eclipse of February 1979．
D．All the above．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area immediately around large cities with factories and/or heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels(coal and oil) creating a greenhouse effect-holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.
Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate matter in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature-a result that would be equally disastrous（災(zāi)難的）. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to a new ice age, and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do riot know for sure that either of these conditions will happen(though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely). Perhaps, if we very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.
小題1:As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution ______.
A．caused widespread damage in the countryside
B．a(chǎn)ffected the entire eastern half of the United States
C．a(chǎn)lmost brought worldwide effect
D．existed merely in urban and industrial areas
小題2:As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author _____________.
A．shares the same view with the scientists
B．is uncertain of its occurrence
C．rejects it as being ungrounded（無根據(jù)的）
D．thinks that it will increasingly destroy the world soon
小題3:It can be inferred from the passage that                   .
A．raising the world’s temperature a little would not do much harm to life on the earth
B．lowering the world’s temperature a little would lead to agricultural disasters
C．a(chǎn)lmost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade
D．the world’s temperature will remain stable forever
小題4:This passage is primarily concerned with             .
A．the greenhouse effect in the world
B．the measures to adjust the climate
C．the potential effect of air pollution
D．the measures to protect the environment

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