Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview has an opposite effect according to a research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be “downloaded” into the brain.

“A good night’s sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a necessary condition of having good recall（回憶）in the weeks ahead,” scientists have found.

“We think that getting that first night’s sleep starts the process of memory consolidation（加強(qiáng)）,” said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Meidical School who conducted the latest study.

“It seems that memories are normally washed out of the brain unless some process nails them down. I feel uncertain that sleep is one of those things that do the nailing down,” Professor Stickgold said.

Professor Stickgold’s team trained the 24 people to tell direction of three diagonal bars（斜線）shown for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal stripes（水平線）.

Half the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights so make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers（志愿者）.

Those who slept the first night were much better at remembering the task while the second ground showed no improvement in spite of enjoying two nights of catch-up sleep.

A further study by scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck Germany showed that memories are laid down in two stages during the night. The first is during the deep, so-called “slow wave” sleep, which usually takes place in the first half of the night. The second, and less important stage happens during the period of dreaming or “rapid eye movement (REM)”. When people don’t sleep well in the first half of the night, their memory consolidation is almost the same as having no sleep at all.

1.Which of the following statements is correct according to Paragraph 1?

  A. It is necessary to burn the midnight oil before an exam or interview. 

B. Sleep speeds up the loss of memory.

  C. Man should have a good sleep if he wants to keep a good memory.

  D. Staying up late will make you better prepared for an exam or interview.

2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that _____.

  A. some process helps memories to be washed out of the brain

  B. professor Stickgold is doubtful about whether sleep can make memories better

  C. some memories normally influence the function of the brain

  D. sleep improves the condition of memories

3. How was the research conducted by Professor Stickgold?

A. The subjects were divided into two groups 

B. All the subjects were kept awake for 3 nights

  C. One group slept at the first night but was kept awake the next two nights

  D. One group was kept awake for 3 nights but the other slept for the second and third nights

4. The best title of this passage is _____.

A. Sleep is Necessary for Memories          

B. The Importance of the First Stage of Sleep

C. Studies Made by Scientists About Sleep   

D. The Scientists’ Achievement in Sleep Research

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科目：高中英語 來源：中學(xué)教材標(biāo)準(zhǔn)學(xué)案英語高一上冊(cè) 題型：050

閱讀理解

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　The Great Fire of London started in the very early hours of September 2 th, 1666. In four days it destroyed more than three quarters of the old city, where most of the houses were wooden and close together. One hundred thousand people became homeless, but only a few lost their lives.

　　The fire started on Sunday morning in the house of the King's baker(面包師) in Pudding Lane. The baker, with his wife and family, was able to get out through a window in the roof. A strong wind blew the fire from the bakery(面包房) into a small hotel next door. Then it spread quickly into Thames Street. That was the beginning.

　　By eight o'clock three hundred houses were on fire. On Monday nearly a kilometer of the city was burning along the River Thames. Tuesday was the worst day. The fire destroyed many well－known buildings, old St Paul's and the Guildhall among them.

　　Samuel Pepys, the famous writer, wrote about the fire. People threw their things into the river. Many poor people stayed in their houses until the last moment. Birds fell out of the air because of the heat.

　　The fire stopped only when the King finally ordered people to destroy hundreds of buildings in the path of the fire. With nothing left to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.

　　After the fire, Christopher Wren, the architect(建筑師), wanted a city with wider streets and fine new houses of stone. In fact, the streets are still narrow; but he did build more than fifty churches, among them new St Paul's.

　　The fire caused great pain and loss, but after it London was a better place: a city for the future and not just of the past.

1．The fire began in ________.

[　　]

A．a(chǎn) hotel
B．the palace
C．Pudding Lane
D．Thames Street

2．The underlined word “family” in the second paragraph means ________.

[　　]

A．home
B．children
C．wife and husband
D．wife and children

3．It seems that the writer of the text was most sorry for the fact that ________.

[　　]

A．some people lost their lives

B．the birds in the sky were killed by the fire

C．many famous buildings were destroyed

D．the King's bakery was burned down

4．How was the fire put out according to the text?

[　　]

A．The king and his soldiers came to help.

B．All the wooden houses in the city were destroyed.

C．People managed to get enough water from the river.

D．Houses standing in the direction of the fire were pulled down.

5．Which of the following were reasons for the rapid spread of the big fire?

(a)There was a strong wind.

(b)The streets were very narrow.

(c)Many houses were made of wood.

(d)There was not enough water in the city.

(e)People did not discover the fire earlier.

[　　]

A．(a) and (b)
B．(a), (b)and (c)
C．(a), (b), (c) and (d)
D．(a), (b), (c), (d) and (e)

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科目：高中英語 來源：甘肅省2010屆高三下學(xué)期第二次診斷測(cè)試英語試卷 題型：閱讀理解

C

What is blood? It is the red liquid which comes out of your finger when you cut it. There are bout thirteen pints(???) of blood in a man' s body. He can give a pint of blood at a time to

blood bank for the use of other men who may need it. A healthy body makes up one pint of bloo

quickly.

What does our blood do for us? It takes food to all parts of our bodies and takes waste awa

from them. All the parts of our bodies are made up of cells, and these cells, which are very small

all need food all the time.

The blood is like a stream. The cells take what they need out of the blood stream, as plants an fishes take their food out of water. The blood stream carries food and oxygen which it has taken up our lungs to all the cells in the body.

What makes the blood go on moving round the body in a stream? The heart sends it round.

man' s heart is about the Size of his fist. The heart is a pump. It has rooms in it with doors betwee

them. It pumps blood in and out through these doors by changing the size of the rooms so that th

doors open and shut.

The heart keeps stream of blood going all round the body and back again to itself. Everywhel the blood stream does two things: supplies the cells with food and oxygen and takes away the waste It is as if the blood kept the little fires in the cells burning and took away the ashes.

49. Blood is the_____

A. red liquid which comes from your finger    B. red liquid which we can see

C. red liquid which flows in a man's body     D. red cell

50. The blood in a man' s body__________.

A. makes food all the time

B. takes food to all cells in the body and takes waste away

C. supplies the cells with food and oxygen from them

D. takes waste away from the cells

51. __ makes the blood go on moving round the body in a stream.

A. The heart          B. The lung          C. The cell          D. The pump

52. This article tells us about__________.

A. a stream of blood                        B. the use of the heart

C. a wonderful pump                       D. something about blood

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：同步題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     Disposing (處理) of waste has been a problem since humans started producing it. As more and more
people choose to live close together in cities, the waste-disposal problem becomes increasingly difficult.
     During the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a
faraway spot as a dump site. Residents or trash haulers (垃圾托運(yùn)者) would transport household
rubbish, rotted wood, and old possessions to the site. Periodically (定期的) some of the trash was
burned and the rest was buried. The unpleasant sights and smells caused no problem because nobody
lived close by.
      Factories, mills, and other industrial sites also had waste to be disposed of. Those located on rivers
often just dumped the unwanted remains into the water. Others built huge burners with chimneys to deal
with the problem.
      Several facts make these choices unacceptable to modern society. The first problem is space. Dumps, which are now called landfills, are most needed in heavily populated areas. Such areas rarely have empty
land suitable for this purpose. Property is either too expensive or too close to residential neighborhoods.
Long-distance trash hauling(垃圾托運(yùn)) has been a common practice, but once farm areas are refusing to
accept rubbish from elsewhere. Cheap land within trucking distance of major city area is almost
nonexistent.
      Awareness of pollution dangers has resulted in more strict rules of waste disposal. Pollution of rivers,
ground water, land and air is a price people can no longer pay to get rid of waste. The amount of waste,
however, continues to grow.
      Recycling efforts have become commonplace, and many towns require their people to take part.
Even the most efficient recycling programs, however, can hope to deal with only about 50 percent of a
city's reusable waste.
1. The most suitable title for this passage would be ______.  
A. places for Disposing Waste      
B. Waste Pollution Dangers
C. Ways of Getting Rid of Waste    
D. Waste Disposal Problem
2. During the 18 th century, people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT for _____.   
A. burying it    
B. recycling it  
C. burning it    
D. throwing it into rivers
3. What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?          
A. Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society.
B. There is a cheap land to bury waste in modern society.
C. It is difficult to find space to bury waste in modern society
D. Ways to deal with waste in modern society stay the same.
4. The main purpose of writing this article is to _____.    
A. draw people's attention to waste management
B. warn people of the pollution dangers we are facing
C. call on people to take part in recycling programs
D. tell people a better way to get rid of the waste

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

New Annotated Sherlock Holmes

by Arthur Conan Doyle

Price: £ 28．00

Publication Date: 30/11/2005

Publisher’s description

Collects Doyle's fifty-six classic short stories, arranged in the order in which they appeared in  late nineteenth and early twentieth--century book editions, in a set complemented by four novels, editor biographies（傳記） of Doyle, Holmes  and Watson as well as literary and cultural details about Victorian society．

       Breaking Ground by Daniel Libeskind

       Price: £ 16．00

       Publication Date: 11/10/2005

       Brief introduction

       This is a book about the adventure life that can offer each of us if we seize it, and about the powerful forces of tragedy, memory and hope．For Daniel Libeskind, life's adventure has been through architecture, which he has found has the power to reshape human experience．Although often relating to the past, his buildings are about the future．This memoir （自傳） of one man's journey brings together history, personal experience, our physical environment and a fresh international vision．

       In the Shadow of No Towers by Art Spiegelman

       Price: £ 16．00

       Publication Date: 02/09/2005

       Brief introduction

On 11 th September 2001, Art Spiegelman raced to the World Trade Center, not knowing if his daughter Nadja was alive or dead. Once she was found safe~ in her school at the foot of the burning towers--he returned home, to meditate（反�。� on the trauma（創(chuàng)傷）, and to work on a comic strip（連環(huán)漫畫）．In the Shadow of No Towers is New Yorker Art Spiegelman's extraordinary account of "the hijacking" on 9．11 and the following hijacking of those events' by America．

       Light on Snow by Anita Shreve

       Price: £ 14．00

       Publication Date: 07/10/2005

       Publisher' s description

       This is the 11th novel by Anita Shreve, the critically accepted bestseller．A moving story of love and courage and tragedy and of the ways in which the human heart always seeks to heal itself．

1．Who is the writer of the book latest published among the four books?

    A．Arthur Conan Doyle．              B．Daniel Libeskind．

    C．Art Spiegelman．                    D．Anita Shreve．

2．If one would like to know something about cultural details about Victorian society, he or she may read     ．

    A．Light on Snow                        B．In the Shadow of No Towers

    C．Breaking Ground '                         D．New Annotated Sherlock Holm

3．Which of the four books listed above have something to do with tragedies?

    A．New Annotated Sherlock Holmes &- In the Shadow of No Towers．

       B．Light on Snow & In the Shadow of No Towers．

       C．Light on Snow & Breaking Ground．

       D．In the Shadow of No Towers & Breaking Ground

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