閱讀理解。
     Pushy parents and teachers who"hothouse" the under-5s risk causing damage to the children's long term
development, a leading education expert said.
     Lilian Katz, Professor of Education at the University of Illinois, said that four-year-olds engaged in reading
and writing went on to perform worse academically than those engaged in imaginative learning. They scored
higher in tests at the age of 5, but children whose first year at school was stimulating outstripped them four
years later.
     The findings suggest that the government's structured approach to early years' learning could be storing
up problems for children. They also raise serious questions about the plan for all children to be able to read
by the age of 6.
     In many countries formal teaching does not start until children are 6 or 7 and have improved their social
and manual skills. Children start learning to read and write at 6 in the United States, France and Germany,
and at 7 in Finland and Sweden.
     Professor Katz said that in many schools the courses were"boring children to tears". Much academic
teaching required children to learn by memorizing pieces of information out of context, she said. Teaching
in reception class should instead allow children to develop their intellect by exploring their environments
and asking questions. 
      "Research suggests the benefits of formal academic instruction for four-and five-year-olds seem to be
promising when they are tested early, but considerably less so in the long term. When these children are
followed over a period of three or more years, those who had early experience in more intellectually engaging
curricula were more likely to do well in school than their peers, who had received early academic instruction."
She advocates teaching children through first-hand experience and play, in mixed-aged classes. This can
include puppet shows, drawing or running a pretend shop in the classroom.
1. According to the passage, those who "hothouse" the under-5s would probably ______.

A. prefer a lot of interaction and stimulation while teaching
B. teach in a lively way to motivate kids' interest
C. push the kids to memorize pieces of information
D. care about the kids' physical development

2. What does the underlined word "outstripped" in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. did better than
B. looked down upon
C. caught up with 
D. performed worse than
3. The message the author wants to deliver through the passage is that formal teaching ______.
A. can start at different times in different countries.
B. should not be started too early
C. is best carried out in Finland and Sweden
D. should include teaching children social and manual skills
4. Which of the following is NOT the opinion of Lilian Katz?
A. Children should be taught through first-hand experience.
B. Learning in a mixed-age class is good for children.
C. Running a shop can help children get good marks.
D. Puppet shows and drawing are useful and easy in teaching children.
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    科目：高中英語 來源：單元雙測同步達(dá)標(biāo)活頁試卷　高二英語下 題型：050

    閱讀理解

    　　In Glacier National Park, which is in the Rocky Mountains of Montana, there once roamed a little deaf Indian boy. He loved to wander in the forest, and made friends with the animals who lived there. Since he loved animals, he would observe them intently and learn their habits. This little Indian boy's name was John Lewis Clarke.

    　　John Lewis Clarke's grandfather was a graduate from West Point and a captain in the U. S. Army. He was married to the daughter of a Blackfoot Indian Chief and adopted by the tribe. His son, John Lewis Clarke's father, also married an Indian princess, the daughter of Chief Stands Alone. Sadly, John's grandfather was later killed by Indians of another tribe near Helena, Montana.

    　　John Lewis Clarke was not born deaf. He became ill at a young age with scarlet fever. Though he survived, he could no longer hear the sounds that the forest animals made. He could not hear his Indian friends when they called to him. Scarlet fever had caused him to lose his hearing. His Indian friends gave him the name Cutapuis (Cu-ta-pu-ee) which means, “man who talks not.”

    　　Because John could not talk, he could not tell his parents about his many animal friends in the forest and the exciting things that he saw, but he found another way to express himself. He made figures of them out of clay(粘土) from the river banks. Later, when he was older, he learned to carve things out of wood. He loved to carve animals. With an axe and a pocket knife, he carved a life-sized image of a bear from a cedar trunk. The bear looked so real, the only thing missing was its growl.

    　　When John was old enough to go to school, his parents sent him to the Fort Shaw Indian School. However, since he needed special education, he was transferred to a school for the deaf at Boulder, Montana. He also attended the School for the Deaf at Devil's Lake, North Dakota. When he was older, he enrolled at St. Francis Academy in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, where he studied wood carving. While he was still in his teens, John returned to Montana and opened a studio. He began to carve all the animals he had known very well in his childhood, and offer them for sale. He made models of animals out of wood, clay, and stone. He painted pictures using water colors and oils, and did excellent pen and ink drawings. He began to make a name for himself as an artist.

    　　John spent most of his 89 years at his home studio in Glacier Park. Every year when the park season was over, he continued his work in Great Falls, Montana, his second home. Many important people bought John's work. John D． Rockefeller, Jr., the famous multimillionaire, was one of them. John's work was on exhibit in many places in this country. John died on November 20,1970. In his life-time, he literally carved his way to fame.

    1．John probably started to use American Sign Language as soon as ________.

    [　　]

    A．he became deaf

    B．he entered a school for the deaf

    C．he could make figures out of clay

    D．his Indian friends taught him

    2．The subject of his artwork was mostly animals. This is most likely because ________.

    [　　]

    A．the environment he grew up has influenced him

    B．he was an Indian

    C．it was his way of expressing ideas

    D．he did not like people

    3．“The bear looked so real. The only thing missing was its growl.” This phrase means ________.

    [　　]

    A．John forgot to add one more thing

    B．the bear was missing

    C．the bear missed growling

    D．the bear looked perfect except that it could not make any sound

    4．During the course of his education, John attended ________.

    [　　]

    A．two schools

    B．only a residential school for the deaf

    C．four different schools

    D．a(chǎn) school in Maine

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