Question

3．

A．extensive   B．a(chǎn)ppeals    C．debated   D．necessarily   E．a(chǎn)udience   F．confidence G．delicately   H．efficient   I．experienced      J．withdraw  K．decline

A century ago，American political leaders judged public opinions by people's applause and the size of crowds at meeting．This direct exposure to the people's views did not（41）Dproduce accurate knowledge of public opinions．It did，however，give political （42）Fleaders in their public support．
Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas（43）Ceach other seven times in the summer and autumn of 1858，two years before they became presidential nominees （總統(tǒng)候選人）．Their debates took place before（44）Ein cornfields and courthouse squares．A century later most presidential debates，although seen by millions，take place before a few reporters and the technicians in television studios．The public's response cannot be（45）Ifirsthand．This distance between leaders and followers is one of the difficult problems of modern democracy．The media provide information to millions of people，but they are not yet so（46）H at providing leaders with feedback from the public．
Is government by acclamation （歡呼、歡迎） possible when the scale of communication is so large and impersonal？To make up for the（47）K in their ability to experience public opinions for themselves，leaders have turned to science，in particular the science of opinion polling （民意調(diào)查）．
It is no secret that politicians and public officials make（48）Ause of public-opinion polls to help them decide whether to run for office，what policies to support，how to vote on important issues and types of（49）B to make in their campaigns．President Lydon Johnson was famous for carrying the latest Gallup and Roper poll results in his pocket，and it is widely believed that he began to（50）J from politics because the polls reported losses in public support．All recent presidents and other major political figures have worked closely with polls．

Answer 1

分析 本文屬于政治類短文閱讀．主要描述了在政治領(lǐng)域，民眾的掌聲和人數(shù)并不一定能真正地反映出公眾的觀點．林肯和道格拉斯在競選中辯論了多次，并通過調(diào)查民意的方式來了解民眾的心聲．

解答 41-50  DFCEI   HKABJ
41 D．考查詞匯在具體語境中的運用． 此題判斷詞性為副詞，只有DG為副詞，根據(jù)句意，民眾的掌聲和人數(shù)并不一定能真正地反映出公眾的觀點．只有D符合句意． 
42  F．考查詞匯在具體語境中的運用． 此題判斷詞性為名詞，根據(jù)句意，"然而，在獲取民眾的支持中，它確實給到政界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人信心"． 
43 C．考查詞匯在具體語境中的運用． 此題判斷詞性為動詞，且為動詞過去式的形式，只有C和I，根據(jù)句意，林肯和道格拉斯在競選中辯論了7次．所以選C．
44 E．考查詞匯在具體語境中的運用． 此題判斷詞性為名詞，根據(jù)句意，"在觀眾面前辯論"，所以選E．
 45 I．考查詞匯在具體語境中的運用． 此題比較容易出錯，考生會誤認(rèn)為firsthand是形容詞，然后找個副詞來修飾．其實不然，在這里，firsthand是副詞，前面be動詞后要加動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成被動，根據(jù)句意，由于不直接面對觀眾，所以"民眾的反映不可能被直接地感受到"所以選I．其實此題下一段有提示，47題空格后面"in their ability to experience public opinions"，這里出現(xiàn)了"體驗民眾的觀點． 
46 H．考查詞匯在具體語境中的運用．此題判斷詞性為形容詞，根據(jù)句意"新聞媒體在給政界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人提供民眾的反饋信息方面卻不是很高效"，所以選H．
47 K．考查詞匯在具體語境中的運用． 此題判斷詞性為名詞，根據(jù)句意"為了彌補他們獲得民眾反饋的這種能力的下降，他們開始求助于民意調(diào)查"，所以選K．注意decline在這里做名詞用．
48 A． 考查詞匯在具體語境中的運用． 此題判斷詞性為形容詞，根據(jù)句意"政界要員廣泛使用民意調(diào)查來幫助他們決定…"make extensive use of"充分利用，廣泛使用"．所以選A． 
49  B．考查詞匯在具體語境中的運用． 此題有一定難度，判斷詞性為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，只有B為名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式．types of appeals to make，"所做出的各種的呼吁"make an appeal"呼吁、上訴"
 50 J．考查詞匯在具體語境中的運用．此題判斷詞性為動詞原形，根據(jù)句意"他開始從政界退出，因為民意調(diào)查報道他的公眾支持減少"，所以選J．

點評 本文屬于11選10閱讀題型．該題型選詞填空的選項詞義互不關(guān)聯(lián)，詞性也不同，而且還有干擾項，一定要先了解文章大意，帶著文章脈絡(luò)去找選項．務(wù)必先沉著地把文章讀一遍，尤其注意橫線前后的位置，為尋找正確選項打下鋪墊．通讀時要根據(jù)首段原則以及首末句原則，迅速抓出文章的主題．判定文章主題對于篇章的整體把握具有很大的積極意義．