Air pollution is damaging 60% of Europe’s prime wildlife sites in meadows, forests and bushes, according to a new report.
A team of EU scientists said nitrogen emissions(氮排放) from cars, factories and farming were threatening biodiversity. It’s the second report this week warning of the on-going risks and threats linked to nitrogen pollution.
Nitrogen in the atmosphere is harmless in its inert(惰性的) state, but the report says reactive forms of nitrogen, largely produced by human activity, can be a menace to the natural world.
Emissions mostly come from vehicle exhausts(排氣), factories, artificial fertilizers(肥料) and animal waste from intensive farming. The reactive nitrogen they emit to the air disrupts the environment in two ways: It can make acidic soils too acidic to support their previous mix of species. But primarily, because nitrogen is a fertilizer, it favors wild plants that can maximize the use of nitrogen to help them grow.
In effect, some of the nitrogen spread to fertilize crops is carried in the atmosphere to fertilize weeds, possibly a great distance from where the chemicals were first applied.
The effects of fertilization and acidification favor common aggressive species like grasses, brambles and nettles. They harm more delicate species like mosses(苔蘚), and insect-eating sundew plants.
The report said 60% of wildlife sites were now receiving a critical load of reactive nitrogen. The report’s lead author, Dr Kevin Hicks from the University of York’s Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), told BBC News that England’s Peak District had a definitely low range of species as a result of the reactive nitrogen that fell on the area.
“Nitrogen creates a rather big problem that seems to me to have been given too little attention,” he said. “Governments are responsible for protecting areas like this, but they are clearly failing.”
He said more research was needed to understand the knock-on effects for creatures from the changes in vegetation accidentally caused by emissions from cars, industry and farms.
At the conference, the representatives agreed “The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen”. The document highlights the importance of reducing reactive nitrogen emissions to the environment, adding that the benefits of reducing nitrogen outweigh the costs of taking action.
小題1:The underlined word “menace” is used to express that the reactive nitrogen, largely produced by human activity can be ___________.
A．frighteningB．threateningC．uniqueD．unusual
小題2: We can infer from the passage that _________.
A．it’s harmless to have reactive nitrogen existing in the atmosphere
B．reactive nitrogen emissions help aggressive species less than crops
C．the harm to those delicate species has a negative impact on biodiversity
D．reactive nitrogen can fertilize soils and keep their biodiversity
小題3: The team of EU scientists released the second report of nitrogen emissions this week when __________.
A．no action was taken to stop nitrogen emission
B．governments were willing to protect areas harmed by nitrogen
C．“The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen” was agreed
D．nitrogen emissions were threatening wildlife sites’ biodiversity
小題4: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Keeping Away From Nitrogen EmissionsB．Stopping Nitrogen Emissions
C．Air Pollution Damaging Europe’s WildlifeD．Saving Europe’s Wildlife
小題1:B   小題1: C      小題1: D      小題1: C
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

After spending a weekend away with my adult son, I was so impressed by his generous heart that I sent him this letter.
Dear son,
I want to thank you for teaching me a very valuable lesson in life by the great example you   31 . When we were eating at that cafe in Boston and a person who had  32 his hamburger didn’t have enough money to pay for it, without   33 , you went over and   34  the extra $2 into his hand.
When we were leaving, you   35  threw a five-cent coin onto the pavement and said something like, “Some kid will really enjoy   36  this.”
Last week, a young man   37  me in the line at a petrol station didn’t have   38  money to pay for his petrol. I asked the money collector, “How much   39  is he?” She told me he had meant to put $15 of petrol in his car   40  he had been looking at the wrong gauge (計量表) and had put in 15   41 , which came to a little over $20. That is an easy mistake as both gauges run fast.
Something made me think of you and   42  you did that night at the cafe in Boston. I handed the man $6. He was so   43  and said, “But why would you do this for me?” I just smiled as I thought of you.
Thank you, son, for teaching me that “it’s   44  to give than to receive”. Now when I see a five-cent coin on the   45  and want to pick it up, I think of you and leave it there, just in case some kid will get a kick out of finding it.
Love always, Mum.
小題1:
A．followedB．gaveC．setD．took
小題2:
A．orderedB．bookedC．offeredD．bought
小題3:
A．hesitationB．doubtC．permissionD．difficulty
小題4:
A．spreadB．putC．threwD．loaded[
小題5:
A．a(chǎn)gainB．a(chǎn)lreadyC．onlyD．a(chǎn)lso
小題6:
A．findingB．a(chǎn)cceptingC．looking for D．pointing at
小題7:
A．behindB．beyondC．a(chǎn)head ofD．next to[
小題8:
A．muchB．someC．a(chǎn)nyD．enough
小題9:
A．farB．longC．shortD．high
小題10:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．butC．soD．while
小題11:
A．kilometersB．kilogramsC．poundsD．litres
小題12:
A．whatB．whichC．howD．that
小題13:
A．excitedB．surprisedC．interestedD．encouraged
小題14:
A．easier B．betterC．fasterD．worse
小題15:
A．comerB．mudC．ground D．carpet

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

A young man was getting ready to graduate from college. For many months he had  41 _ a beautiful sports car in a showroom, and knowing his father could well  42   it, he told him that was all he wanted.
As Graduation Day came near, the young man awaited 43 that his father had bought the car. 44  , on the morning of his graduation, his father called him into his  45  study room. His father told him how  46  he was to have such a fine son, and told him how  47  he loved him. He handed his son a beautifully wrapped (包裝)  48  box.                                                        
Curious, and somewhat disappointed, the young man opened the box and  49  a lovely, leather-bound (皮紙封面) Bible,  50  the young man’s name pressed in gold.  51 , he raised his voice to his father, and said “With  52  your money, you give me a Bible?” and stormed out of the house.
Many years passed and the young man was very successful in  53 . He had a beautiful home and wonderful family, but realized his father was very  54 , and thought perhaps he should go to him. He had not seen him  55  that graduation day.
Before he could make arrangements, he received a telegram  56  his father had passed away, and willed all his possessions to his son. He needed to come home immediately and  57 things.
When he arrived at his father’s house, sudden  58   and regret filled his heart. He began to search through his father’s important papers and saw the still gift-wrapped Bible  59  as he had left it years ago. With tears, he opened the Bible and began to turn the pages.
Suddenly, a car key dropped from the back of the  60  . It had a tag (標簽) with the date of his graduation on it, and the words PAID IN FULL.
小題1:
A．a(chǎn)dmired
B．watched
C．seen
D．noticed
小題2:
A．offer
B．a(chǎn)fford
C．buy
D．supply
小題3:
A．marks
B．signals
C．signs
D．symbols
小題4:
A．Finally
B．Instead
C．Therefore
D．Shortly
小題5:
A．public
B．empty
C．a(chǎn)verage
D．private
小題6:
A．proud
B．comfortable
C．worried
D．interested
小題7:
A．many
B．deep
C．much
D．often
小題8:
A．paper
B．gift
C．wood
D．graduation
小題9:
A．looked
B．reached
C．discovered
D．found
小題10:
A．with
B．while
C．a(chǎn)fter
D．a(chǎn)s
小題11:
A．Anxious
B．Excited
C．Angry
D．Disappointing
小題12:
A．none
B．a(chǎn)ll
C．little
D．much
小題13:
A．business
B．study
C．future
D．home
小題14:
A．weak
B．wealthy
C．lonely
D．old
小題15:
A．on
B．until
C．since
D．a(chǎn)fter
小題16:
A．reminding
B．writing
C．reading
D．speaking
小題17:
A．look for
B．take care of
C．do with
D．hand over
小題18:
A．excitement
B．disappointment
C．surprise
D．sadness
小題19:
A．but
B．right
C．just
D．only
小題20:
A．book
B．bed
C．desk
D．door
 

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Everyone has got two personalities一the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real．You don’t show your secret personality when you’re awake because you can control your behavior, but when you’re asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you．In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their position．The important position is the one that you go to sleep in．
●If you go to sleep on your back，you’re a very open person．You normally trust peop1e and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas．You don’t like to upset people，so you never express your real feelings．You’re quite shy and you aren’t very confident．
●If you sleep on your stomach，you are a rather secretive person．You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset．You’re very stubborn，but you aren’t very ambitious．You usually live for today not for tomorrow．This means that you enjoy having a good time.
●If you sleep on curling (蜷縮) up，you are probably a very nervous person．You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often defensive．You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people．You prefer to ________________________________.
●If you sleep on your side，you have usually got a well-balanced personality．You know your strengths and weakness．You’re usually careful．You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious，but you don’t often get depressed．You always say what you think even if it annoys people．
小題1:What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words．)
__________________________________________________________________________
小題2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
You always stick to your own opinion，but you don’t have far-reaching goals．
___________________________________________________________________________
小題3:Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence． (Please answer within 10 words．)
___________________________________________________________________________
小題4:which of the positions do you think is true to you? How can you improve the weakness of  your personalities? (Please answer within 30 words．)
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
小題5:Translate the underlined sentence in the first paragraph into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36-55各題所給的四個選項中選出最佳選項。
Fire can 36 many things. It is dangerous to everyone, but it is 37 useful. We cannot live without 38.In other words, fire is both the 39  and enemy of us. This  40  on whether we use it wisely or not.
To the people 41 live in the forest area, fire is particularly dangerous. It is the location 42 most of their houses are made of wood, which 43  catches fire. Especially in winter the air is 44  and the wind is often 45  .If one of these houses is on fire, the wind will 46  the fire to the neighboring houses quickly, and the fire will soon 47  all over the area. If this happens 48 , it may not be too bad. 49 if it happens at night, the situation will be very bad, for most people are 50   ,and many of them cannot run away in time. If they can, they will just 51  all the things behind. Some people even do not know  52  is going on, and they  53  in their dreams.
We should do our best to 54 the breakout of fire, which is mostly caused by people’s carelessness. Therefore, not only the people of the 55 areas but everyone else should be very careful in using fire.
小題1:
A．makeB．buildC．loseD．destroy
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)lsoB．tooC．hardlyD．not
小題3:
A．waterB．a(chǎn)irC．foodD．fire
小題4:
A．helpB．friendC．companionD．neighbor
小題5:
A．happensB．liesC．dependsD．decides
小題6:
A．whereB．whichC．whatD．who
小題7:
A．becauseB．soC．whyD．that
小題8:
A．easilyB．hardlyC．carefullyD．friendly
小題9:
A．thickB．thinC．wetD．dry
小題10:
A．coldB．freezingC．gentle D．strong
小題11:
A．makeB．letC．blowD．give
小題12:
A．crossB．passC．happenD．spread
小題13:
A．a(chǎn)t nightB．on SundayC．in the evening D．in the day time
小題14:
A．ButB．WhenC．SoD．Even
小題15:
A．carelessB．sleepingC．a(chǎn)fraidD．frightened
小題16:
A．leaveB．takeC．bringD．have
小題17:
A．thatB．whatC．whoD．which
小題18:
A．thinkB．smileC．dieD．live
小題19:
A．helpB．preventC．developD．keep
小題20:
A．cityB．developingC．factoryD．forest

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists have long understood the key role that oceans play in controlling the Earth’s climate. Oceans cover 70 per cent of the surface of the globe and store a thousand times more heat than the atmosphere does. What’s newer is the understanding of how this key component(組成部分) of our climate system responds to global warming.
A brake on global warming—for now
One of the oceans’ most important climate functions is absorbing heat and carbon dioxide(CO2), one of the gases that causes global warming. Acting as something absorbing heat, the oceans have absorbed huge amounts of heat and CO2 in the last forty years.
Fujita explains, “the oceans are saving us from faster climate change—they are putting a brake on the climate system.”
“That’s the good news,” he adds. “The bad news is that the oceans only slow the atmospheric warming. Once the oceans come to balance with a greenhouse-gas warmed earth, the extreme heat will remain in the atmosphere and things will get much hotter.” But where and how the oceans release this slowly increased heat is uncertain. And as the ocean stores heat, fragile(脆弱的) underwater ecosystems are struggling.
The most recent scientific report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) also notes with concern that the ocean is acidifying(酸化) because of increased absorption of atmospheric CO2. and thus causing a threat to shell-forming species.  Sharp increase in CO2 levels will cause further acidification of the ocean.
Currents distributing heat
Another important role the oceans play is that of distributor(散布者). Oceans deliver heat and life-sustaining nutrition around the globe. Just as blood tube bring oxygen and nutrition to cells in the human body, the ocean’s currents carry oxygen, nutrients and heat throughout the Earth. The ocean distributes 25 to 50 per cent of energy the planet receives from the sun. For example, the Gulf Stream carries heat across the Atlantic. This warm current gives northwestern European a milder climate that it would normally have so far north. A change to the ocean’s circulation patterns could throw Europe into a colder period, even as the rest of the world is experiencing warmer temperatures.
小題1: We can infer from the passage that _______.
A．the oceans cause global warmingB．the oceans stop global warming
C．the oceans release nutrients and heatD．the ocean ecosystems face more dangers
小題2: From the passage we can learn that ocean’s currents _______.
  1. produce oxygen and nutrients around     
  2. absorb 25-50% of the energy from the sun
  3. distribute the atmosphere hotter        
D.  change the ocean’s circulation patterns
小題3: Which of the following are the results of the ocean absorbing heat and CO2?
a. It causes further acidification.        
b. It makes the atmosphere hotter.
c. It balances the oceans with a green-house gas. 
d. It affects shell-forming species.  
e. It makes the oceans act as a heat sponge.           
f. It controls the Earth’s climate.
A．a(chǎn)-c-fB．a(chǎn)-d-fC．b-d-eD．b-c-e
小題4: If the ocean’s circulation pattern changed, ______.
A．Asia would suffer a hotter climate.
B．Europe would become hotter
C．the rest of the world would become warmer.
D．the climate of Europe would become colder.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

We can make mistakes at any age．Some mistakes we make are about money．But most mistakes are about people．One might say, "Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?" "When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?" When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad．
Why do we go wrong about our friends? Sometimes what people want to say hides their real meaning．And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words． Suppose someone tells you, "You're a lucky dog．" Is he really on your side? If he says, "You are a lucky guy", that's being friendly．But if he says "a lucky dog", there's a bit of envy in those words．Maybe he doesn't see it himself．But he puts you down a little if he brings in the "dog"．What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck．
"Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for" is another noise that says one thing and means another．It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole．But is he trying to? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important．It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night．
How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking．Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice, his posture, or the look in his eyes? Stop and think．The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake．
Therefore, when you hear someone saying, please try to know what he really means．Don't just listen to what he says with your ears but feel the words he uses with your head．In this way you may make fewer mistakes．
小題1:.
．In the 1st paragraph, the writer says something that happened between him and his friends ____．
A．He feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to him
B．He feels he may not have read his friends' true feelings correctly
C．He doesn't think it was a mistake to have broken up with his friend
D．He is sorry that his friends let him down
小題2:.
This passage is mainly about __   __．
A．how to avoid mistakes about money and friends
B．what to do when you listen to others talking
C．how to avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell you
D．why you keep people friendly without trusting them
小題3:.
．According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that
A．we fail to listen carefully when they talk
B．people tend to be angry when we check what they say
C．people usually state one thing but mean another
D．we tend to doubt what our friends say
小題4:.
．The underlined word "it" in the second paragraph refers to__    __．
A．being friendlyB．a(chǎn) bit of envy
C．a(chǎn) lucky dogD．your luck

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it.
Recite and repeat in conversation（談話，交往）.
When you hear a person’s name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. You could also repeat the name in a way that does not sound forced or artificial（矯揉造作的，不自然的）.
Ask the other person to recite and repeat.
You can let other people help you remember their names. After you’ve been introduced to someone，ask that person to spell the name and pronounce it correctly for you. Most people will be pleased by the effort（努力） you’re making to learn their names.
Admit you don’t know.
Admitting that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. Most of them will feel sympathy if you say, “I’ m working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again？”
Use associations（聯(lián)絡，聯(lián)系）.
Link（聯(lián)系） each person you meet with one thing you find interesting or unusual. For example, you could make a mental note：“Vicki Cheng — tall, black hair.” To reinforce (加強) your associations, write them on a small card as soon as possible.
Limit the number of new names you learn at one time.
When meeting a group of people, concentrate on（集中精力） remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering everyone. Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to remember their names. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later.
Go early.
Consider going early to conferences（會議）, parties and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up（到場） on time. That’s fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to others — an automatic （無意識的）review for you.
小題1:.．How will most people feel when you try hard to remember their names?
A．They will be moved.B．They will be annoyed.
C．They will be delighted.D．They will be discouraged.
小題2:.If you can’t remember someone’s name, you may ________.
A．tell him the truthB．tell him a white lie
C．a(chǎn)sk him for pityD．a(chǎn)sk others to help you
小題3:.．When you meet a group of people, it is better to remember________.
A．a(chǎn)ll their namesB．a(chǎn) couple of names first
C．just their last namesD．a(chǎn)s many names as possible
小題4:.．What does the text mainly tell us?
A．Tips on an important social skill.B．Importance of attending parties.
C．How to make use of associations.D．How to recite and repeat names.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When it comes to eating out, we can't help thinking of big meals in the restaurants, which usually contain much more fat and less fibers. Whether it is a business meeting over lunch or a fast food meal with the kids, eating out is a part of our lives. We eat out to save a lot of time, like grabbing a bite at fast food restaurants, or we take dining out as a favorite way to relax and socialize with friends.
Eating out can be fun but many people still like eating at home more because it is healthier. When my dear wife does not prepare foods for me, I would rather cook some instant noodles and eat at home! However, we go out to eat once in a while for holidays or on special occasions.
More and more people want to make healthy food choices nowadays. Some are watching calories, while others want to keep their cholesterol(膽固醇)under control or eat less fat. Plan ahead and choose wisely, you will find foods that fit into your meal plan and make eating out both healthy and enjoyable.
Here are some pointers to remember that can help you make wise choices when eating out: go for balance, watch portion sizes and drink water or low-fat milk. Keep the ground rules of good nutrition in mind. Eat a variety of foods in moderate(適中的)amounts, limit the amount of fat you eat, and watch the amount of salt in food. If you develop the skills to make healthy choices now, your body will thank you later.
Eating out can be one of life's great pleasures. Make the right choices, ask for what you need, and balance your meals out with healthy meals at home. You can enjoy yourself and take good care of yourself at the same time.
小題1: From the passage, we can infer that often eating out______________ .
A．contributes to healthy bodiesB．maintains good relations with friends
C．is of disadvantage to healthD．saves time from cooking
小題2: On the author's wedding anniversary, _______________________.
A．he prefers to cook some instant noodles for his wife
B．he would like to have a party at home
C．he must make an important choice
D．he is likely to take his wife to eat out
小題3: The third paragraph doesn't say but implies that________________.
A．people's awareness of health has improved
B．most people are worried about their cholesterol
C．calories have caused people's attention
D．it is important to choose your food every day
小題4:If you had been watching for your diet, _____________________ .
A．you wouldn't have suffered any disease
B．you would be in good health now
C．you might have had much experience in life
D．you could have cured your illnesses

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