In the eighteenth—century one of the first modern economists, Adam Smith, thought that the “whole annual produce of the land and labour of every country” provided revenue to “three different orders of people: those who live by rent, those who live by wages, and those who live by profit”. Each successive stage of the industrial revolution, however, made the social structure more complicated.?

Many intermediate groups grew up during the nineteenth century between the upper middle class and the working class. There were small—scale industrialists as well as large ones, small shopkeepers and tradesmen, officials and salaried employees, skilled and unskilled workers, and professional men such as doctors and teachers. Farmers and peasants continued in all countries as independent groups.?

During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the possession of wealth inevitably affected a person’s social position. Intelligent industrialists with initiative made fortunes by their wits which lifted them into an economic group far higher than that of their working—class parents. But they lacked social training of the upper class, who despised them as the “new rich.”?

They often sent their sons and daughters to special school to acquire social training. Here their children, mixed with the children of the upper classes, were accepted by them, and very often found marriage partners from among them. In the same way, a thrifty, hardworking labourer, though not clever himself, might save for his son enough to pay for an extended secondary school education in the hope that he would move in a “white collar” occupation, carrying with it a higher salary and a move up in the social scale.?

In the twentieth century the increased taxation of higher incomes, the growth of the social services, and the wider development of educational opportunity have considerably altered the social outlook. The upper classes no longer are the sole, or even the main possessors of wealth, power and education, though inherited social position still carries considerable prestige.

60．If you compare the first and second paragraph, what groups of people did Adam Smith leave out in his classification?

A．Officials and employees.   B．Peasants and farmers.

C．Doctors and teachers.       D．Tradesmen and landlords.

61．Who were the ‘new rich’ during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

A．They were still the upper class people.

B．They were owners of large factories.

C．They were intelligent industrialists.

D．They were skilled workers who made their fortune.

62．According to the passage, what did those people do who intended to make their children move up in the social ladder?

A．They saved a lot of money for their children to receive higher education.

B．They tried to find marriage partners from the children of the upper class.

C．They made greater fortunes by their wits.

D．They worked even harder to acquire social training.

63．In the twentieth century class differences have been partly smoothed out by ____.

A．increased income and decreased taxation

B．taxation, social services and educational opportunities

C．education, the increase of income and industrial development

D．the decrease of the upper class population

C  61—65 DBC

【小題1】D

【小題2】B

【小題3】C

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

In my living room, there is a plaque(匾) that advises me to “Bloom(開花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s，when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.

Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eight­mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.

From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom(憂郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy's classroom, I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner”(lunch). In case you don't know, poke greens are a weed­type plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.

Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Cerlification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one­and­only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph.D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom(傳家寶), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.

61．“Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph I refers to ________．

A．a(chǎn) program directed by Dorothy

B．a(chǎn) course given by the author

C．a(chǎn)n activity held by the students

D．a(chǎn)n organization sponsored by Union College

62．In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing ________．

A．the long track  B．the poor houses

C．the same train  D．the winding road

63．Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by ________．

A．a(chǎn) warm welcome  B．the sight of poke greens

C．Dorothy's latest projects  D．a(chǎn) big dinner made for her

64．What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?

A．She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.

B．She got a pen as a gift from the author.

C．She passed the required assessment.

D．She received her Ph.D. degree.

65．What does the author mainly intend to tell us?

A．Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.

B．Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment

C．However poor you are, you have the right to education.

D．Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013年全國普通高等學(xué)校招生統(tǒng)一考試英語（湖南卷帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

In my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to “Bloom (開花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.
Dorothy taught in a school In Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.
From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom (憂郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom. I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner” (lunch). In case you don’t know, poke greens are a weed-type plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.
Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph. D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (傳家寶), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things. (360 words)
【小題1】“Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to __________.

A．a(chǎn) program directed by Dorothy
B．a(chǎn) course given by the author
C．a(chǎn)n activity held by the students
D．a(chǎn)n organization sponsored by Union college
【小題2】 In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing __________.
A．the long trackB．the poor houses
C．the same trainD．the winding road
【小題3】Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by __________.
A．a(chǎn) warm welcomeB．the sight of poke greens
C．Dorothy’s latest projectsD．a(chǎn) big dinner made for her
【小題4】What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?
A. She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.
B. She got a pen as a gift from the author.
C. She passed the required assessment.
D. She received her Ph. D. degree.
【小題5】What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A．Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.
B．Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.
C．However poor you are, you have the right to education,
D．Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.

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In my living room, there is a plaque (匾) that advises me to “Bloom (開花) where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, when I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits to the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.

Dorothy taught in a school In Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. To get to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road winding around the mountain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the greatest feeling of hopelessness.

From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom (憂郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom. I was greeted with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner” (lunch). In case you don’t know, poke greens are a weed-type plant that grows wild, especially on poor ground.

Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she invited me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph. D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (傳家寶), but to me it is a treasured symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things. (360 words)

1.“Early Childhood Development” in Paragraph 1 refers to __________.

A．a(chǎn) program directed by Dorothy

B．a(chǎn) course given by the author

C．a(chǎn)n activity held by the students

D．a(chǎn)n organization sponsored by Union college

2. In the journey, the author was most disappointed at seeing __________.

A．the long track                          B．the poor houses

C．the same train                          D．the winding road

3.Upon arriving at the classroom, the author was cheered up by __________.

A．a(chǎn) warm welcome                        B．the sight of poke greens

C．Dorothy’s latest projects                 D．a(chǎn) big dinner made for her

4.What can we know about Dorothy from the last paragraph?

A. She was invited to a celebration at a restaurant.

B. She got a pen as a gift from the author.

C. She passed the required assessment.

D. She received her Ph. D. degree.

5.What does the author mainly intend to tell us?

A．Whatever you do, you must do it carefully.

B．Whoever you are, you deserve equal treatment.

C．However poor you are, you have the right to education,

D．Wherever you are, you can accomplish your achievement.

 

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