We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “ the population problem”: too many people on earth and a too rapid increase in the number added each year. The facts are not in dispute. It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic(人口統(tǒng)計學）growth to “ a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.
To understand the current situation, which is characterized by rapid increases in population, it is necessary to understand the history of population trends. Rapid growth is a comparatively recent phenomenon. Looking back at the 8,000 years of demographic history. We find that population have been really stable or growing very slightly for most of human history. For most of our ancestors, life was hard, often nasty, and very short. For most of human history, it was seldom the case that one in ten persons would live past forty, where infancy and childhood were especially risky periods. Often, societies were in clear danger of extinction because death rates could exceed their birth rates. Thus, the population problem throughout most of history was how to prevent extinction of the human race.
This pattern is important to know. Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.
Demographic history can be divided into two major periods: a time of long, slow growth which extended from about 8000B.C. till approximately 1650 A.D. And a period of rapid growth since 1650. In the first period of some 9,600 years, the population increased form some 8 million to 500 million in 1650. Between 1650 and the present, the population has increased from 500 million to more than 4 billion. And it is estimated that by the year 2020 there will be 8 billion people throughout the world. One way to appreciate this dramatic difference in such abstract numbers is to reduce the time frame to something that is more manageable. Between 8000B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year. At present, this number is added very six hours. The increase is about 80,000,000 persons annually.
【小題1】According to the passage, “population as a global issue” ____.
| A．is quite unlike the population problem and thus doesn’t need our concern |
| B．focuses on tracking down the reason of rapid population growth |
| C．deals with the same problem aroused by the population problem |
| D．will manage the population growth problem from global perspectives |
| A．too much population will one day lead to the doom of human beings |
| B．the trend of population growth will keep unsteady until the destruction of Earth |
| C．demographic growth will follow a certain pattern of ups and downs |
| D．it is likely in the near future that population will reduce gradually |
| A．Species competition | B．Low fertility | C．Tribal fights | D．High rate of death |
| A．people are permitted to have more children |
| B．people can live better than before |
| C．newborn babies die less than before |
| D．we have found the secret of longevity |
| A．Eighty million. | B．Eight thousand |
| C．Fifty thousand | D．Five million |
【小題1】C
【小題2】A
【小題3】D
【小題4】B
【小題5】C
解析試題分析：文章大意：文章討論了現(xiàn)在人口增長過快，并解釋了為什么古代人口少有增長，而近些年人口劇增。
【小題1】C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段首句We can begin our discussion of “population as a global issue” with what most person mean when they discuss “ the population problem”可知，這兩個問題是一樣的。故C正確。
【小題2】A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句It was quite right to employ a similar matter that linked demographic(人口統(tǒng)計學）growth to “ a long, thin power fuse that burns steadily from time to time until it finally reaches the limit, and explodes”.作者提到把人口增長比作細長導火線的比喻。故A正確。
【小題3】D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的最后一句but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.可知最主要原因是高死亡率。故D正確。
【小題4】B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句Not only does it put the current problems of demographic growth into a historical perspective, but it suggests that the cause of rapid increase in population in recent years is not a sudden enthusiasm for more children, but an improvement in the conditions that traditionally have caused high rate of death.表明現(xiàn)在人口增長的原因是導致高死亡率得到很大的改善，而不是人們突然想要更多的小孩。故B正確。
【小題5】C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Between 8000B.C. and 1650, an average of only 50,000 persons was being added annually to the world’s population each year. At present, this number is added very six hours.得知正確選項為C。故C正確。
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黃岡海淀全程培優(yōu)測試卷系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
It is quite reasonable to blame traffic jams,the cost of gas and the great speed of modern life,but manners on the road are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men would become fierce tigers behind the wheel. It is all right to have a tiger in a cage, but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter.
Road politeness is not only good manners,but good sense. It takes the most cool－h(huán)eaded drivers great patience to give up the desire to beat back when forced to face rude driving. On the other hand,a little politeness goes a long way towards reducing the possibility of quarrelling and fighting. A friendly nod or a wave of thanks in answer to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of good will and becomes so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such behaviorsof politeness are by no means enough. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it.
However,misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who waves a child crossing the street at a wrong place into the path of oncoming cars that may not be able to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever andwhenever they want to.
An experienced driver,whose manners are faultless,told me it would help if drivers learnt to correctly join in traffic stream without causing total blockages that give rise to unpleasant feelings.
Unfortunately,modern drivers can't even learn to drive,let alone master the road man ship. Years ago,experts warned us that the fast increase of the car ownership would demand more give-and-takefrom all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.
【小題1】The passage mainly talks about________.
| A．Road politeness |
| B．Traffic jams |
| C．Good manners |
| D．Modern drivers |
| A．great speed |
| B．traffic jams |
| C．terrible road conditions |
| D．the behavior of the drivers |
| A．beat back when forced to face rude driving |
| B．be able to recognize politeness when he sees it |
| C．join in traffic stream quickly however other people feel |
| D．encourage old ladies to cross the roads whenever they want to |
| A．master roadman ship |
| B．create atmosphere of good will |
| C．encourage old ladies to cross the road |
| D．give a friendly nod to show politeness |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
I prefer Lynne Truss’s phraseology: I am a grammar “sticker”. And, like Truss – author of Eats, shoots & Leaves – I have a “zero tolerance” approach to grammar mistakes that make people look stupid.
Now, Truss and I disagree on what it means to have “zero tolerance”. She thinks that people who mix up basic grammar “deserve to be struck by lightning, hacked (砍) up on the spot and buried in an unmarked grave”, while I just think they deserve to be passed over for a job – even if they are otherwise qualified for the position.
Everyone who applies for a position at either of my companies, iFixit or Dozuki, takes a compulsory grammar test. If job hopefuls can’t distinguish between “to” and “too”, their applications go into the bin.
Of course, we write for a living. iFixit.com is the world’s largest online repair manual (指南), and Dozuki helps companies write their own technical documentation, like paperless work instructions and step-by-step user manuals. So, it makes sense that we’ve made a strong strike against grammar errors.
But grammar is relevant for all companies. Yes, language is constantly changing, but that doesn’t make grammar unimportant. Good grammar is credibility, especially on the Internet. And, for better or worse, people judge you if you can’t tell the difference between “their” “there” and “they’re”.
Good grammar makes good business sense – and not just when it comes to hiring writers. Writing isn’t in the official job description of most people in our office. Still, we give our grammar test to everybody, including our salespeople, our operations staff, and our programmers.
Grammar signifies more than just a person’s ability to remember high school English. I’ve found that people who make fewer mistakes on a grammar test also make fewer mistakes when they are doing something completely unrelated to writing – like stocking shelves or labeling parts. It is the same with programmers. Applicants who don’t think writing is important are likely to think lots of other things also aren’t important.
【小題1】The author agrees with Lynne Truss in that ________.
| A．grammar mistakes can’t be tolerated |
| B．books on grammar make people stupid |
| C．people need to learn basic grammar |
| D．grammar mistakes are absolutely unavoidable |
| A．They should be left out for a job. |
| B．They have to correct their mistakes. |
| C．They aren’t qualified for their jobs. |
| D．They must be severely punished. |
| A．Only one of them has a compulsory grammar test. |
| B．They are companies where one learns grammar. |
| C．Grammar is quite important for their existence. |
| D．They depend on grammar correction for a living. |
| A．Companies giving grammar tests may have no good business sense. |
| B．Grammar becomes unimportant as language is constantly changing. |
| C．A “zero tolerance” approach to grammar errors might seem a little unfair. |
| D．People who pay attention to writing may pay attention to other things. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people.“Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy(嫉妒)my luck?”“And Paul-why didn’t he pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?”When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it’s too late.
Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don’t really listen we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You’re a lucky dog.”that’s being friendly. But“l(fā)ucky dog”?There’s a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn’t see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn’t think you deserve your luck.
“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for ”is another noise that says one thing and means another . It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up(包藏) in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn’t important. It’s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven’t got a date for Saturday night.
How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s got a date for Saturday night? Good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture(姿態(tài))?The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people to you may save another mistake.
【小題1】This passage is mainly about_____.
| A．how to interpret(understand) what people say |
| B．what to do when you listen to others talking |
| C．how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people |
| D．why we go wrong with people sometimes |
| A．we fail to listen carefully when they talk |
| B．we tend to（傾向）doubt what our friends say |
| C．people usually state one thing but means another |
| D．people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say |
| A．being friendly | B．a(chǎn) bit of envy | C．lucky dog | D．your luck |
| A．notice the way the person is talking |
| B．take a good look at the person talking |
| C．mind his tone, his posture and the look in his eyes |
| D．examine the real meaning of what he says based on his manner, his tone and his posture |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
People are being lured(引誘) onto Facebook with the promise of a fun, free service, and don’t realize that they’re paying for it by giving up loads of personal information. Facebook then attempts to make money by selling their data（資料） to advertisers that want to send targeted (目標的)messages.
Most Facebook users don’t realize this is happening. Even if they know what the company is up to, they still have no idea what they’re paying for Facebook, because people don’t really know what their personal details are worth.
The biggest problem, however, is that the company keeps changing the rules. Early on, you could keep everything private. That was the great thing about Facebook—you could create your own little private network. Last year, the company changed its privacy rules so that many things—your city, your photo, your friends’ names—were set, by default（默認）, to be shared with everyone on the Internet.
According to Facebook’s vice president Elliot Schrage, the company is simply making changes to improve its service, and if people don’t share information, they have a “l(fā)ess satisfying experience.”
Some critics think this is more about Facebook looking to make more money. Its original business model, which involved selling ads and putting them at the side of the page, totally failed. Who wants to look at ads when they’re online connecting with their friends?
The privacy issue has already landed Facebook in hot water in Washington. In April, Senator Charles Schumer called on Facebook to change its privacy policy. He also urged the Commission to set guidelines for social-networking sites. “I think the senators rightly communicated that we had not been clear about what the new products were and how people could choose to use them or not to use them,” Schrage admits.
I suspect that whatever Facebook has done so far to invade（侵犯）our privacy, it’s only the beginning，which is why I’m considering deactivating（撤銷） my account(賬號). Facebook is a handy site, but I’m upset by the idea that my information is in the hands of people I don’t trust. That is too high a price to pay.
【小題1】What do we learn about Facebook from the first paragraph?
| A．It is a website that sends messages to targeted users. |
| B．It makes money by putting on advertisements. |
| C．It earns money by selling its user’s personal data |
| D．It provides a lot of information to its users |
| A．They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook |
| B．They are unwilling to give up their personal information |
| C．They don’t identify themselves when using website |
| D．They care very little about their personal information |
| A．To help its users make more friends |
| B．To obey the Federal guidelines |
| C．To make money by attracting more users |
| D．To offer better service to its users |
| A．Setting guidelines for advertising on websites |
| B．Setting rules for social-networking sites |
| C．Stopping sharing user’s personal information |
| D．Removing ads from all social-networking sites |
| A．He is dissatisfied with its service. |
| B．He finds many of its users untrustworthy. |
| C．He doesn’t want his personal data badly used. |
| D．He is upset by its frequent rule changes. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
The word I'm going to introduce to you today is — phubbing. Let's see the definition of this term：
phubbing n. the act of snubbing(冷落)someone in a social setting by looking at your cell phone instead of paying attention
As you can probably guess，phubbing is a blend of phone and snubbing. The term was coined by a 23—year—old Melbourne resident Alex Haigh. Obviously，he got fed up with how people are always checking Facebook or Twitter on their phones when they are supposed to be interacting with someone face to face. He wanted to put an end to this social phenomenon，therefore he came up with this catchy term.
And it did catch on. The word's earliest media mention dates back to June 2012，and in a little over a year's time，phubbing has already been picked up by almost all the mainstream media outlets one can think of.
Here is a typical example from the British newspaper The Independent. In the article titled The Rise of Phubbing，which was published on August 5，2013，Tom Chatfield writes，there's an uncomfortable truth at the heart of phubbing：other people are easier to handle when seen on screen. They're less likely to demand unreasonable efforts such as undivided attention or clean shirts.
While the term phubbing has undoubtedly taken off，some people question why it is called phubbing instead of phnubbing. Alex Haigh has not personally addressed the issue，but word has it that phubbing sounds more crispy and thus easier to remember.
Phubbing is indeed a universal problem that can no longer be ignored. So why do people keep phubbing each other if they know it's rude? Is there anything we can do to stop it? Or maybe we should just be more kind，because sometimes there are good excuses to phub.
I think there is plenty we can do to try and stop phubbing. For starters，we can join Alex Haigh in his Stop Phubbing campaign. Remind our friends and family that phubbing is not appreciated. We can also make or download some anti—phubbing posters to spread the word in public places. And don't forget that some phubbers simply do not realize the harmful effect their behavior has on others，so be brave enough to stop them，even if you are a total stranger.
【小題1】This passage is mainly talking about _______.
| A．the rise of phubbing in all the mainstream media outlets |
| B．a(chǎn) new term “phubbing”and its problem |
| C．the campaign of keeping phubbing |
| D．different opinions on phubbing |
| A．bearable |
| B．unacceptable |
| C．reasonable |
| D．understandable |
| A．People are easier to handle when seen on screen. |
| B．Alex Haigh doesn’t like the term “phnubbing” |
| C．More and more people have become phubbers. |
| D．We can phub if we have proper excuses. |
| A．stop phubbing in public places |
| B．not be afraid of the harmful effect |
| C．be brave to support a stranger phubbing |
| D．remind our friends of Stop Phubbing campaign |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Are we getting more stupid? According to Gerald Crabtree, a scientist at Stanford University in the US, we are.
You may not want to hear this, but Crabtree believes that human intelligence reached its peak more than 2,000 years ago and ever since then has been going downhill. “If an average Greek from 1,000 BC were transported to modern times, he or she would be one of the brightest among us,” Crabtree told The Guardian.
At the heart of Crabtree’s thinking is a simple idea. In the past, intelligence was critical for survival when our ancestors had to avoid dangerous animals and hunt for food. The difference of being smart or stupid is often life or death. However, after the spread of agriculture, when our ancestors began to live in dense farming communities, the need to keep their intelligence in peak condition gradually reduced.
This is not hard to understand. Most of the time, pressure is what keeps us going – you need the pressure from your teachers to finish your homework; the pressure of looking pretty prompts(促使) you to lose weight when summer comes. And the same is also true of our intelligence – if we think less, we become less smart.
These mutations(變異) are harmful to our intelligence and they were all developed in the past 3,000 years. The other evidence that Crabtree holds is in our genes. He found that among the 2,000 to 5,000 genes that we have that determine human intelligence , there are two or more mutations in each of us.
However, Crabtree’s theory has been criticized by some who say that early humans may have better hunting and surviving abilities, but people today have developed a more diverse intelligence. For example, spearing a tiger doesn’t necessarily require more brainpower than playing chess or writing a poem. Moreover, the power of modern education means a lot more people have the opportunity to learn nowadays.
“You wouldn’t get Stephen Hawking 2,000 years ago. He just wouldn’t exist,” Thomas Hills of the University of Warwick, UK, told Live Science. “But now we have people of his intellectual capacity doing things and making insights(洞察力) that we would never have achieved in our environment of evolutionary adaptation.”
【小題1】What is Crabtree’s recent finding according to the article?
| A．The Greeks from 1,000 BC could have been the smartest in human history. |
| B．Our ancient ancestors had no better surviving abilities than we do nowadays. |
| C．Humans have been getting steadily more intelligent since the invention of farming. |
| D．Mutations in genes that decide human intelligence have affected the development of intelligence. |
| A．had much more genes that determine human intelligence |
| B．were forced to be smart due to natural selection pressures |
| C．relied more on group intelligence than individual intelligence |
| D．developed a diverse intelligence to adapt to the hard realities |
| A．people today are under much more pressure than early humans |
| B．it’s ridiculous to compare a hunter’s and a poet’s intelligence |
| C．modern education is far more advanced than ancient education |
| D．human intelligence nowadays is different from that of the distant past |
| A．Supportive | B．Unfavorable | C．Worried | D．Confused |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Tears came into this mother’s eyes when she talked about waking up her son. Every morning, her ten-year-old boy puts up one finger with his eyes still closed, begging for one more minute to sleep.
Why is he so sleepy? Because, like thousands of student “early birds” in China, he has to get up before 6 a.m. every morning.
School students usually need eight to ten hours’ sleep a night. But in Shanghai, it’s reported that 90% of the students do not get enough sleep. And studies show that without a good night’s sleep, students seem to be weaker than they should be. Many become near-sighted as a result.
Li Ming, a student at Qinghua High School, said that he usually goes to bed after 11 p.m. But when he has exams coming up, he can stay up as late as midnight. This “night bird” lifestyle has made many students nod off in class. Li Ming said that it is during afternoon classes that he feel most sleepy. “My parents are usually happy to see me studying so late,” he said. “They think I work very hard and they make me cups of coffee.”
However, not all parents are happy about this. “My daughter gets up so early. She looks tired and it really hurts me.” said one of the parents. Why don’t so many students get enough sleep? Now many members of society began to think about it.
【小題1】Why did the ten-year-old boy’s mother talk about waking up her son with tears in her eyes?
| A．Because her son’s lack of sleep hurt her but she had to wake him up. |
| B．Because her son wasn’t good at lessons. |
| C．Because she thought her son was too lazy. |
| D．Because her son was badly ill. |
| A．The body’s weakness. | B．Nodding off in class. |
| C．Near-sighted eyes. | D．Poor academic developments. |
| A．Sorry. | B．Worried. | C．Not unhappy. | D．Angry. |
| A．All the parents hope their children stay up. |
| B．No students complain about their lack of sleep. |
| C．Most students watch TV or play computer games deep into night. |
| D．Some parents are worried about the fact that most of the students don’t have enough sleep. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Last night I drove a long way (about 500 km) to return home. It was late and I was driving fast because I wanted to get home as soon as possible. So several times when I was driving behind a slow-moving truck on a narrow road, I wanted to shout at the driver ahead.
Then I came to a crossroad with a traffic light. As I drove near, it turned red. I stopped my car at once. I looked left，right and behind. I found no cars or persons — I was alone on the road. The person who would come to the crossroad was at least a mile away in any direction. Certainly going through the light would cause no danger. I could pass the traffic light. But strangely enough, I just stopped there, waiting for several minutes until the light went green. I asked myself why I refused to run the light. Surely it was unnecessary for me to be afraid of danger or being fined (罰款), because there were no cars or police around at all. But I remained waiting until the light changed.
When I finally got home, it was near midnight. My wife had fallen asleep. The question of why I stopped for that light came back to me again, because I stopped another two times for the red lights as “special” as the first one. I stopped, not because of the law, but because it was a good habit I had developed. In fact, we were used to doing something right just because we have made obeying the rules a good habit. We do it just because we should do it. I thought if another man met with the same thing, he would make the same choice. I believed so. And I could be trusted (信任) by others. I believed that everyone would and could control (控制) himself/herself well. It was amazing that we trusted each other to do the right things, wasn’t it?
【小題1】When the author drove behind the slow-moving truck, he felt ____.
| A．confused but happy | B．sleepy and tired | C．excited but tired | D．a(chǎn)ngry and worried |
| A．A policeman. | B．The author’s wife. | C．The author himself. | D．Another driver. |
| A．running the light would make him fined | B．he was afraid to cause an accident |
| C．he was prevented by the passers-by | D．he was used to obeying traffic rules |
| A．believes others easily | B．can control himself well |
| C．treats others very unfriendly | D．is very experienced in driving |
| A．running the light could help the author get home earlier |
| B．the author’s wife was angry because he got home late |
| C．the truck driver in front of the author might be drunk |
| D．it was very necessary to have very strict traffic rules |
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