Television has changed the lifestyle of people in every industrialized country in the world. In theUnited States, where sociologists have studied the effects, some interesting observations have been made.

Television, although not essential, has become an important part of most people’s lives. It alters people’s ways of seeing the world; in many ways, it supports and sustains (維持) modern life.

Television has become a baby-sitter, an introducer of conversations, the major transmitter of culture, and a keeper of tradition. Yet when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed, it becomes evident that television is not a teacher but a sustainer; the poor quality of programming does not elevate (提高) people into greater understanding, but rather maintains and encourages the life as it exists.

The primary reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV programming development and the economics of TV. Television in America began with the radio. Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with television. Therefore, the close relationship which the advertisers had with radio programs became the system for American TV. Sponsors not only paid money for time within programs, but many actually produced the programs. Thus, in American society, television is primarily concerned with reflecting and attracting society rather than experimenting with new ideas. Advertisers want to attract the largest viewing audience possible. To do so requires that the programs be entertaining rather than educational, attractive rather than challenging.[

Television in America today remains, to a large extent, with the same organization andstandards as it had thirty years ago. The hope for further development and true achievement toward improving society will require a change in the entire system.

1.According to the author, American television is poor in quality because _________.

A. it is controlled by radio companies

B. the programs have to be developed partly for economic reasons

C. advertisers are interested in experimenting with new ideas

D. it is still at an early stage of development, compared with the radio

2.In the author’s view, American TV should _________.

A. be entertaining and attractive

B. reflect society and attract society

C. maintain and encourage the life as it exists

D. change with the development of society

3.Based on the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A. TV has become a must in the American’s life.

B. One can expect to improve his understanding significantly from watching TV.

C. American TV is important to most people as it affects their life in many ways.

D. American TV nowadays has some different standards from the past.

4.The author’s attitude towards American television is _________.

A. negative B. positive

C. indifferent D. sympathetic

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：甘肅省天水市2018屆高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試卷 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists have found that human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach, according to a report by the UK newspaper.

The researchers at Kanazawa Medical University, Japan and American company Johnson conducted the study together. They looked at the effects of light reflection on newly fallen snow on a ski trail in Ishikawa District, northern Japan. They compared the results with the levels of UV rays on a sand beach in southern Japan's Okinawa District.

They found that on the beach, eyes are exposed to a daily 260 kilojoules (千焦耳) of UV a square meter compared to 658 kilojoules in snow-covered areas.

The findings are supported by the Japan Meteorological (氣象的) Agency. According to the agency, the reflection rate of UV light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent, compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas. The amount of light increased 4 percent with a 300-meter rise in height.

Most of us know that UV rays can harm the skin. That's why we wear sunscreen on our skin before we get out in the sun. But many of us may not realize that UV rays are also harmful to the eyes.

If your eyes are exposed to large amounts of UV radiation over a short period of time, you may experience a kind of sunburn of the eye, which is harmful. Your eyes will become red and feel a strange feeling. They may be sensitive to light. Fortunately, this is usually temporary and seldom causes permanent damage to the eyes.

Long-term exposure to UV radiation, however, can be more serious. Scientific studies and researches have shown that exposure to small amounts of UV radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damage, which could lead to total blindness.

1.You would most likely find the article in ________.

A. a doctor’s diary B. a travel journal

C. a medical magazine D. a physics textbook

2.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Too much eye exposure to UV rays may cause total blindness.

B. Short-time exposure of the eyes to UV rays doesn't harm them at all.

C. Most people know that UV rays harm the eyes as well as the skin.

D. The study was conducted by researchers from Japan, the USA and the UK.

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A. snow produces more UV light than water

B. people don’t wear sunscreen while skiing as they do while sitting on the beach

C. the reflection rate of UV light in snow-covered areas is much higher than that on the beach

D. human eyes are exposed longer to UV light in the snow- covered areas than on the beach

4.What will the passage most probably talk about next?

A. Never ski on newly fallen snow in Japan.

B. Go to hospital to have your eyes examined.

C. Wearing a hat can provide protection while skiing in new snow areas.

D. Take some measures to protect your eyes while skiing in new snow areas.

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1.Sitting too long before the computer is h______ to people’s health.

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Dear Gary,

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It was on a warm autumn day that my father and I walk into my new high school. After registered in the classroom, I was taken to my dormitory by the volunteer. Altogether I had five roommates, two of which arrived later. I got to know my new roommate immediately. Although I was quite unwilling to say “Goodbye” to my father, but he had to leave to home. I suddenly realized I had grown up and that I had to look after me and live independently. Not until then I know my senior high school life had real begun.

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The Nobel Prize Winners in Literature

Rabindranath Tagore (1913)

Prize motivation:“because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse (詩(shī)歌), by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West”

William Faulkner (1949)

Prize motivation: “for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel”

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (1953)

Prize motivation: “for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory(演講) in defending exalted human values.”

Ernest Miller Hemingway (1954)

Prize motivation: “for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style.”

John Steinbeck (1962)

Prize motivation: “for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humor and keen social perception.”

Claude Simon (1985)

Prize motivation: “who in his novel combines the poet’s and the painter’s creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition.”

Mo Yan (2012)

Prize motivation: “who with hallucinatory(幻覺般的) realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary.”

Bob Dylan (2016)

Prize motivation: “for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition.”

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C. Rabindranath Tagore. D. Claude Simon.

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C. William Faulkner. D. Winston Churchill.

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C. Claude Simon’s. D. Rabindranath Tagore’s.

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A. John Steinbeck. B. Mo Yan.

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“Don’t be afraid to give your best to what seemingly are small jobs. Every time you conquer one it makes you much stronger. If you do little jobs well, the big ones will tend to take care of themselves,” said Dale Carnegie.

Sometimes, doing your best work or trying your hardest at something is difficult. It may have something to do with trying to do something new for the first time, like a new sport or activity at school. It may have something to do with doing homework for a subject that is not your favorite or is not your best.

As Hunter S. Thompson once said, “Anything worth doing is worth doing right.” And as Albert Einstein added, “We have to do the best we can. This is our sacred human responsibility.”

Developing the habit of trying your hardest and doing your best is something that will help you succeed throughout your life. If you have looked at some quotes related to trying your hardest, you will see that many of them come from people who have made a big difference in the world. This is not a coincidence. It was not only their cleverness that helped them stand out and change the world, but their ability to try their hardest and do their best in whatever they were doing. If you can develop this same habit---to do your best in any situation, it will be a great benefit to your family, career, school and community.

As Bob Cousy put it, “Do your best when no one is looking. If you do that, then you can be successful at anything you put your mind to.” The choice is yours.

1.Why does the author use the quote of Dale Carnegie in Paragraph 1?

A. To describe a scene. B. To introduce a topic.

C. To draw a conclusion. D. To support an argument.

2.According to the passage, in which case is it difficult to try your hardest?

A. When you are doing something that you are familiar with.

B. When you are doing something that you are good at.

C. When you are doing something that you feel bored with.

D. When you are doing something that you like very much.

3.Why does the author suggest we develop the habit of trying our hardest?

A. To let us make a big difference in the world.

B. To help us achieve success all through our life.

C. To make us more skillful in our work.

D. To make it possible for us to benefit the whole world.

4.What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To inform. B. To advertise.

C. To introduce. D. To persuade.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：湖南省長(zhǎng)沙市2016-2017學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試卷 題型：完成句子

Some people have used acupuncture to treat smokers,alcoholics and people who________drugs.

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