Question

4．The fact that people are no longer tied to specific places for functions such as studying or learning，says William Mitchell，a professor of architecture and computer science at MIT，means that there is"a huge drop in demand for traditional，（51）C，enclosed spaces"such as offices or classrooms，and simultaneously"a huge rise in demand for semi-public spaces that can be informally appropriated to ad-hoc workspaces"．This shift，he thinks，amounts to the biggest change in （52）Bin this century．In the 20th century architecture was about （53）Astructures-offices for working，cafeterias for eating，and so forth．This was necessary because workers needed to be near things such as landline phones，fax machines and filing cabinets．
The new architecture，says Mr Mitchell，will"make spaces intentionally（54）C"．Architects are thinking about light，air，trees and gardens，all in the service of human connections．Buildings will have much more varied shapes than before（55）B，people working on laptops find it comforting to have their backs to a wall，so hybrid（混合的） spaces may become curvier，with more nooks（角落），in order to （56）Cthe surface area of their inner walls．
"This（57）Dis what separates successful spaces and cities from unsuccessful ones，"says Anthony Townsend，an urban planner at the Institute for the Future，a think-tank．Almost any public space can assume some of these features．For example，a not-for-profit organization in New York has（58）BBryant Park，a once abandoned but charming garden in front of the city's public library，into a hybrid space popular with office workers．The park's managers noticed that a lot of visitors were using mobile phones and laptops in the park，so they （59）AWi-Fi and added some chairs with foldable lecture desks．The idea was not to distract people from the flowers but to let them customize their little bit of the park．
The academic name for such spaces is"third places"，a term originally coined by the sociologist Ray Oldenburg in his 1989 book，"The Great，Good Place"．At the time，long before mobile technologies became widespread，Mr Oldenburg wanted to （60）Dbetween the sociological functions of people's first places （their homes），their second places （offices） and the public spaces that（61）Asafe，neutral and informal meeting points．As Mr Oldenburg saw it，a good third place makes admission free or cheap-the price of a cup of coffee，say-offers creature comforts，is within walking distance for a particular neighborhood and （62）Da group of regulars．
As more（63）Dplaces pop up and spread，they also change entire cities．Just as buildings during the 20th century were specialized by（64）A，towns were as well，says Mr Mitchell．Suburbs were for living，downtowns for （65）Band other areas for playing．But urban nomadism makes districts，like buildings，multifunctional．Parts of town that were monocultures，he says，gradually become"fine-grained mixed-use neighborhoods"．
 

51．A．a(chǎn)dditional	B．vacant	C．private	D．narrow
52．A．development	B．a(chǎn)rchitecture	C．technology	D．purpose
53．A．specialized	B．detailed	C．splendid	D．complicate
54．A．a(chǎn)ttractive	B．cooperative	C．multifunctional	D．a(chǎn)greeable
55．A．In addition	B．For instance	C．On the contrary	D．Meanwhile
56．A．control	B．surround	C．maximize	D．dominate
57．A．similarity	B．qualification	C．presentation	D．flexibility
58．A．manufactured	B．transformed	C．maintained	D．simplified
59．A．installed	B．required	C．discovered	D．invented
60．A．transfer	B．confuse	C．combine	D．distinguish
61．A．serve as	B．a(chǎn)ppeal to	C．identify with	D．put away
62．A．reveals	B．hires	C．stirs	D．draws
63．A．leisure	B．public	C．perfect	D．third
64．A．function	B．interest	C．organization	D．block
65．A．entertaining	B．working	C．socializing	D．gathering

Answer 1

分析 短文講述的是現(xiàn)代的建筑不是由特定的地方有特定的功能，而是多功能化，將空間利用到最大化，與20世紀(jì)的建筑完全不一樣．

解答 51-55 CBACB     56-60 CDBAD     61-65 ADDAB
51．C 考查形容詞的辨析，additional"額外的，附加的"，vacant"空缺的，空閑的"，private"私有的，私人的"，narrow"狹窄的，狹隘的"，根據(jù)語境，此處用來修飾"辦公室或教室"，這些地方是"傳統(tǒng)的，私人的，封閉的空間"，故答案為C．
52．B 考查名詞的辨析，development"發(fā)展"，architecture"建筑"，technology"科技"，purpose"目的"，由后文提到20世紀(jì)的建筑可知此處說的是這個世紀(jì)在建筑上最大的改變，故選B．
53．A 考查形容詞的辨析，specialized"專門的"，detailed"詳細(xì)的，詳盡的"，splendid"壯觀的，豪華的"，complicate"復(fù)雜的，麻煩的"，根據(jù)語境"20世紀(jì)的建筑是關(guān)于專門的構(gòu)造，辦公室用來工作，咖啡廳用來吃飯等"，故答案為A．
54．C 考查形容詞的辨析，attractive"吸引人的"，cooperative"合作的"，multifuntional"多功能的"，agreeable"令人愉快的，同意的"，根據(jù)后文提及"建筑師讓光，空氣，樹和花園與人類服務(wù)相連接"可知"新的建筑特意讓空間多功能化"，因此選C．
55．B 考查副詞的辨析，in addition"另外"，for instance"例如"，on the contrary"與此相反"，meanwhile"同時"，根據(jù)語境，下文是舉例說明前文的"現(xiàn)在的大樓與以前相比有更多不一樣的造型"，因此選B．
56．C 考查動詞的辨析，control"控制"，surround"包圍"，maximize"最大化"，dominate"支配，影響"，前文提到現(xiàn)在房子有更多的角落，就是為了把墻壁的表面利用到最大化，故答案為C．
57．D 考查名詞的辨析，similarity"類似，相像性"，qualification"資格，條件"，presentation"陳述，演出"，flexibility"柔韌性，靈活性"，上文提到是對空間的靈活應(yīng)用，因此此處答案為D．
58．B 考查動詞短語的搭配，manufacture"加工，制造"，transform"變換，轉(zhuǎn)變"，maintain"保持，堅持"，simplify"簡化"，根據(jù)語境是將一個別人廢棄但迷人的花園轉(zhuǎn)變成一個混合空間，因此使用動詞短語transform…into…．
59．A 考查動詞的辨析，install"安裝，安置"，require"要求"，discover"發(fā)現(xiàn)"，invent"發(fā)明"，根據(jù)語境公園的經(jīng)理發(fā)現(xiàn)很多人使用手機或手提電腦，因此他們安裝了Wi-Fi，故答案為A．
60．D 考查動詞的辨析，transfer"轉(zhuǎn)讓"，confuse"使困惑"，combine"結(jié)合"，distinguish"區(qū)分，辨別"，根據(jù)語境Mr．Oldenburg想要把家里，辦公室和公共場所得社會性功能結(jié)合起來，故答案為D．
61．A 考查動詞短語的辨析，serve as"充當(dāng)，擔(dān)任"，appeal to"向…投訴，對…有吸引力"，identify with"認(rèn)為…等同于，覺得與…有聯(lián)系"，put away"放好，收起來"，此處that引導(dǎo)的定語從句用來修飾前面提到的公共空間，這個空間是充當(dāng)一個安全的，中立的和非正式的會見點，故答案為A．
62．D 考查動詞的辨析，reveal"揭露，顯露"，hire"雇用，聘用"，stir"攪拌，移動"，draw"吸引"，句子理解為"好的第三場所是對于特定的一個鄰里走路即可到達(dá)的，并且能吸引一群常客"，故答案為D．
63．D 考查形容的辨析，leisure"休閑的"，public"公共的"，perfect"完美的"，third"第三的"，短文提到的是third places，因此答案為D．
64．A 考查名詞的辨析，由第一段In the 20th century architecture was about specialized structures-offices for working可知此處提到20世紀(jì)的建筑是由專門的功能構(gòu)成的，不同地方功能不同，故答案為A function"功能"，interest"興趣"，organization"組織"，block"街區(qū)"．
65．B 考查動名詞的辨析，entertaining"娛樂"，working"工作"，socializing"社交"，gathering"團(tuán)聚"，根據(jù)語境"郊區(qū)用來生活，市中心用來工作，其他地方用來玩耍"，故答案為B．

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