Question

【題目】 If you were to travel anywhere in the globe— even to visit remote tribes (部落人) who have little contact with the larger world — would people be able to read your emotions from your facial expressions and would you be able to read theirs?

Charles Darwin argued in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals that basic facial expressions are universal — suggesting that they are hard-wired within us as the product of natural selection. In other words, you would know if someone looked happy, or sad, etc., wherever you were in the world.

Since Darwin’s day, researchers have, indeed, traveled to faraway corners of the world to test the “universality theory”. Paul Ekman, professor of psychology at UC San Francisco and inspiration for the TV show Lie To Me, reported that even Fore tribesmen of New Guinea could look at photos of people from other cultures and identify what emotions were displaying.

Since Ekman’s work, other papers have tested the universality theory and occasionally challenged it. Rachael Jack of the University of Glasgow and co-authors used computer graphics to produce facial animations (動(dòng)畫). They then showed these animations to 15 Western Caucasian people far away from countryside and 15 East Asian from modern cities. They were asked to divide the facial expressions into groups.

This is what they found: They did get six groups from the Western Caucasians. But the results between emotion groups from the East Asians were complexed. They believe this suggests modern cultural factors have a greater influence than before.

【1】Charles Darwin held the view in his book that ________.

A. facial expressions are understood by all

B. facial expressions are easy to read

C. man and animals share the same emotions

D. some facial expressions can cause confusion

【2】According to the third paragraph, Fore tribesmen of New Guinea ________.

A. were confused by the photos

B. read the facial expressions in wrong ways

C. could recognize the basic facial expressions

D. had different facial expressions from city people

【3】Since Darwin, all papers have tested the “universality theory” and _______.

A. no authors have agreed

B. all authors have found the same results

C. some papers have been lost

D. some authors have expressed different ideas

【4】Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

CP：central point P1-P3: Point 1-Point 3 SP： sub-point C: Conclusion

A. B.

C. D.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】C

【3】D

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文，達(dá)爾文提出基本的面部表情是具有普遍性的，研究人員對(duì)這種情緒的“普遍性理論”進(jìn)行了各種測(cè)試，也有人提出了質(zhì)疑。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Charles Darwin argued in The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals that basic facial expressions are universal. In other words, you would know if someone looked happy, or sad, etc., wherever you were in the world.”可知，達(dá)爾文提出基本的面部表情是具有普遍性的，也就是說(shuō)，不管你在哪里都可以知道別人是開(kāi)心還是傷心等，面部表情是所有人都能理解的，故選A項(xiàng)。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“reported that even Fore tribesmen of New Guinea could look at photos of people from other cultures and identify what emotions were displaying.”可知，即使是新幾內(nèi)亞的前部落成員，在看了來(lái)自不同文化的人的照片后，也可以判斷照片里的人的情緒，這說(shuō)明他們可以辨認(rèn)基本的面部表情，故選C項(xiàng)。

【3】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Since Ekman's work, other papers have tested the universality theory and occasionally challenged it.”可知，偶爾會(huì)有人挑戰(zhàn)“普遍性理論”，提出不同的觀點(diǎn)，故選D項(xiàng)。

【4】推理判斷題。本題為判斷文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，本文第一段為中心段，介紹了本文主題——面部表情，第二段講述的是達(dá)爾文的“普遍性理論”，緊接著第三段進(jìn)一步介紹了“普遍性理論”的相關(guān)測(cè)試，第四段介紹有人提出了不同觀點(diǎn)并做了實(shí)驗(yàn)，最后一段總結(jié)了實(shí)驗(yàn)的發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以二三段為一部分，四五段為一部分，第一段為總起段，故選D項(xiàng)。