Did you get a flu shot this year？For the first time，the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the US is recommending that all children aged from 6 months to 18 years receive the flu vaccine.
Vaccines battle diseases caused by bacteria and viruses.A weakened form of the germ (病菌) is introduced into the body.The body makes special substances called antibodies (抗體) to fight the germs.If the actual germs were to attack，the antibodies would fight.Because there are many kinds of flu viruses，scientists must create a new vaccine formula (處方) each year.Researchers must make a prediction.
It is like forecasting the weather.Sometimes they are right on，and sometimes they are off.But even when the vaccine does not closely match circulating flu types，it can make the illness less serious.
“The flu vaccine is not as effective as the polio (小兒麻痹癥) vaccine or the measles vaccine，” says Dr.William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University School of Medicine.“It’s not a great vaccine，but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.”
But a flu vaccine doesn’t work for everyone.There are certain people who should be careful about taking it，because the vaccine is produced in eggs.Those who are allergic (過(guò)敏的) to eggs should not take it.If you have a fever，you should wait until you recover.
Some people are afraid that they might get the flu from the flu shot.Scientists say that it is not possible，because the viruses in the flu shot are inactivated.But some minor side effects such as low­grade fever and body ache could occur.If they do，they begin soon after the shot and usually last only one to two days.
Did you know？Smallpox was the first disease people tried to prevent by putting a virus into a healthy person.In 1796，English scientist Edward Jenner placed some infected material under a boy’s skin.
小題1:The underlined word “vaccine” (in Para.1) refers to________.
A．virus used for fighting against disease
B．a(chǎn)ntibody to fight the germs
C．formula to fight against disease
D．germ to be injected into the body
小題2:By saying “It’s not a great vaccine，but it is in fact quite a good vaccine.” (in Para.4)，William Schaffner means the flu vaccine________.
A．is as effective as the polio and the measles vaccines
B．is worse，compared with the polio and the measles vaccines
C．does help to make illness less serious
D．is quite good because it works for everyone
小題3:We can infer from the passage that________.
A．those who are not allergic to eggs can take the flu vaccine
B．not all the flu vaccines are effective for everyone
C．you should go to a doctor if you have a fever after taking the flu vaccine
D．it is possible that some people might get the flu from the flu shot
小題4:When people take the flu vaccine，________.
A．they’ll be allergic to eggs
B．their bodies will ache for 5 days
C．they probably have a low fever
D．they won’t catch a flu ever after

小題1:D
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:C

小題1:　D
解析　詞義猜測(cè)題。由第二段可知，一種形式受到弱化的病菌被注入體內(nèi)，人體就會(huì)產(chǎn)生抗體。病毒入侵時(shí)，抗體就能抗擊病毒，因而vaccine是一種注入人體的病菌，故選D項(xiàng)。
小題2:　C
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。William Schaffner說(shuō)流感疫苗不像小兒麻痹癥疫苗或麻疹疫苗那么有效，后又說(shuō)它不是一個(gè)效果特別好的疫苗，但是效果還不錯(cuò)，也就是說(shuō)多多少少對(duì)疾病會(huì)有幫助。
小題3:　B
解析　推理判斷題。文章第三段說(shuō)流感疫苗就像天氣預(yù)報(bào)那樣，有的時(shí)候能對(duì)上正在流行的流感類(lèi)型，有的時(shí)候則對(duì)不上。第五段第一句又說(shuō)疫苗不是對(duì)每個(gè)人都管用，也就是說(shuō)流感疫苗并不是對(duì)每個(gè)人都有效。
小題4:　C
解析　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章倒數(shù)第二段可知，注射流感疫苗后，人體可能會(huì)有反應(yīng)，比如發(fā)低燒和身體疼痛等，但這些癥狀在一兩天內(nèi)就可消失。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Businesses are witnessing a difficult time，which has in turn produced influence on consumers’ desire to go green.However，shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.
Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago，while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.
This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves.And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly.Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies，with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a company’s environmental reputation was not good enough.
Harry Morrison，chief executive(主管)of the Carbon Trust，sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now.But from environmental considerations，the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time.In addition，cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium­term benefit for the brand.”
Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint，as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions(排放)．Those that have taken early action will have a head start.More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible.This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.
The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing.“When companies are granted(授予) the standard，they can use a logo(標(biāo)識(shí)) in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions，” Mr.Morrison said.                                                  (2010·福建，C)
小題1:What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.
B．Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.
C．Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.
D．Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.
小題2:The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”．
A．a(chǎn)ffectB．changeC．disturbD．reject
小題3:According to Harry Morrison，businesses ________.
A．will benefit from cutting carbon emissions
B．should buy carbon allowances for shoppers
C．a(chǎn)re required to make up for their carbon emissions
D．have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere
小題4:We can learn from the passage that businesses will________.
A．have a strong desire to reduce costs
B．use the same logo in their marketing
C．gain advantages by taking early action
D．a(chǎn)ttract more shoppers by storing goods

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

If you want to learn a new language，the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a____reason，such as your job or your studies？__2__perhaps you’re interested in the____，films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a____of the language.
Most people learn best using a variety of____，but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people.They____an environment where you can practice under the ____ of someone who’s good at the language.We all lead ____ lives and learning a language takes____.You will have more success if you study regularly，so try to develop a____.It doesn’t matter if you haven’t got long.Becoming fluent in a language will take years，but learning to get by takes____.
Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“I’m too____，” they say.Yes，children do learn languages more ___ than adults，but research has shown that you can learn a language at any____.And learning is good for the health of your brain，too.I’ve also heard people____ about the mistakes they make when____.Well，relax and laugh about your mistakes ____you’re much less likely to make them again.
Learning a new language is never ___.But with some work and devotion，you’ll make progress.And you’ll be ____by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in ___ own language.Good luck！                                 (2013·安徽)
小題1:
A．technicalB．political
C．practicalD．physical
小題2:
A．AfterB．So
C．ThoughD．Or
小題3:
A．literatureB．transport
C．a(chǎn)gricultureD．medicine
小題4:
A．viewB．knowledge
C．formD．database
小題5:
A．paintingsB．regulations
C．methods D．computers
小題6:
A．protectB．change
C．respectD．provide
小題7:
A．controlB．command
C．guidanceD．pressure
小題8:
A．busyB．happy
C．simpleD．normal
小題9:
A．courageB．time
C．energyD．place
小題10:．
A．theoryB．business
C．routineD．project
小題11:
A．some risksB．a(chǎn) lot less
C．some notesD．a(chǎn) lot more
小題12:
A．oldB．nervous
C．weakD．tired
小題13:
A．closelyB．quickly
C．privatelyD．quietly
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)geB．speed
C．distanceD．school
小題15:．
A．worryB．hesitate
C．thinkD．quarrel
小題16:
A．singingB．working
C．bargainingD．learning
小題17:
A．ifB．a(chǎn)nd
C．butD．before
小題18:
A．tiresomeB．hard
C．interestingD．easy
小題19:
A．blamed B．a(chǎn)mazed
C．interruptedD．informed
小題20:
A．theirB．his
C．ourD．your

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Plastic is one of the most important technological discoveries of the 20th century.However，it may soon be replaced.The new development—liquid wood—can replace plastics in all branches of modern industries.
Plastic as a material enjoys the biggest demand in the modern world，but it does have a number of drawbacks.First and foremost，plastic isn’t recyclable.Secondly，it contains toxins (毒物) helping develop cancerous diseases.Finally，it’s made of oil and oil reserves aren’t endless.
The  liquid wood technology is likely to replace plastic and provide mankind with new materials for many years ahead.Norbert Eisenfreich，a senior researcher at  the Faunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT) in Germany，said that arboform，the new material，is made of lignin (木質(zhì)素)，which can be obtained from soft tissues of wood.Once mixed with several other materials，it turns into solid and non­toxic alternative for plastics.
ICT team leader Emilia Regina Inone­Kauffmann said the wood­working industry separates wood into three basic components，including lignin.Lignin isn’t used for the production of paper.Specialists of ICT mixed lignin with several natural materials and thus invented the material which could be melted and molded (鑄型)．
When solid，arboform looks like plastic and possesses the qualities of polished wood.It can be used for the production of any items.Arboform is already used for the production of car parts which require extra strength.In addition，liquid wood can be recycled repeatedly.The material preserved all of its qualities even if it’s reprocessed ten times.
However，the new invention doesn’t enjoy an extensive use due to the high content of sulphur (硫) in it.German researchers are sure to reduce the amount of sulphur by 90 percent very soon to make arboform usable for home needs.
小題1:According to the passage，plastic________.
A．plays a big role in the modern world
B．helps to protect our environment in some way
C．has been replaced by the newly discovered material
D．helps us to reduce the use of petrol
小題2:What’s the advantage of arboform over plastics?
A．It is easily made from natural oil.
B．It is more widely used in household.
C．It is recyclable and friendly to the environment.
D．It contains no poisonous materials.
小題3:It can be concluded that German researchers will focus their future work firstly on________.
A．the material’s extensive use
B．the content of sulphur in arboform
C．the production cost of arboform
D．the qualities of liquid wood
小題4:The main purpose of the passage is to________.
A．a(chǎn)dvertise the new material—arboform
B．introduce liquid wood which will replace plastic
C．a(chǎn)dvertise new products made of arboform
D．show readers how to produce arboform

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When author Nicholas Carr began researching his book on whether the Internet is ruining our minds，he restricted his online access and e­mail.His new book argues the latest technology renders us less capable of deep thinking.Carr found himself so distracted(分心的) that he couldn’t work on the book while staying as connected.After first feeling confused by his sudden lack of online connection，he was able to stay focused on one task for a long period within several weeks.
Reading on the Internet has changed how we use our brains.Facing a lot of texts，video，music and links to other web pages and blogs，our minds have become used to skimming and scanning information.As a result，we have developed sharper skills at making fast decisions，particularly visual ones，Carr wrote.
But now most of us seldom read books or long articles that would help us focus.We are becoming more like librarians—able to find information quickly and see clearly the best nuggets(有價(jià)值的資料)．That lack of focus hinders(阻礙) our long­term memory，leading many of us to feel distracted，he wrote.
“What we are losing is a whole other set of mental skills，which require not the shifting of our focus but the maintaining of our focus，” Carr said，adding that for centuries books protected our brains from distraction and focused our minds on one topic at a time.
But with devices such as Apple’s iPad becoming common，Carr predicts books also will change.“New forms of reading always require new forms of writing，” he said.Carr has a suggestion for those who feel web surfing has left them incapable of concentration—slow down，turn off the Internet and practice the skills of contemplation(沉思) and reflection.“It is pretty clear from the brain science that if you don’t exercise particular cognitive skills，you are going to lose them，” he said.“If you are constantly distracted，you are not going to think in the same way that you would think if you paid attention.”
小題1:What topic is Nicholas Carr’s new book mainly concentrating on?
A．Whether there is any need for us to surf the Internet.
B．How the Internet changes our way of thinking.
C．What we should do when we are surfing the Internet.
D．Whether our minds are being influenced by the Internet.
小題2:How did Nicholas Carr feel after he limited his time online several weeks later?
A．Anxious.B．Relaxed.
C．Concentrated.D．Puzzled.
小題3:The underlined word renders in Paragraph 1 probably means ________.
A．preventsB．causes
C．protectsD．sharpens
小題4:What’s Nicholas Carr’s suggestion for people who are often distracted by the Internet?
A．They should read more books besides surfing the Internet.
B．They should often slow down their pace of modern living.
C．They should often get away from the disturbing of the Internet.
D．They should spend more time thinking while surfing the Internet.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into positive ones like “I can succeed”. But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.
The study's authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing (引證) older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your friend who is slow to learn that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays against funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem (自尊). The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”
Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation (自我肯定). In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think of positive thoughts.
The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治療) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (靜思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic viewpoint. Call it the power of negative thinking. 
小題1:The first paragraph is written _________.
A．to raise an argument about positive thinking
B．to introduce the power of positive thinking
C．to encourage people to have positive thoughts
D．to introduce the $11 billion self-help industry
小題2:According to the study of the Canadian researchers, _________.
A．positive thinking is not as powerful as negative thinking
B．encouraging positive thinking may actually discourage people
C．happy people can think positively while unhappy people can’t
D．getting people to think positively can strengthen their confidence
小題3:What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．You are pointing out the mistakes he has made.
B．You are reminding him that he is not intelligent.
C．You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
D．You are showing he has great potential in spite of faults.
小題4:We can learn from the last paragraph that _________.
A．negative feelings must be got rid of
B．there’s no point in thinking positively
C．it doesn’t make sense to think negatively
D．negative thinking is not always negative

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

My name is Cherry Carl, and I retired in June, 2003, after 35 years as a teacher and Language Arts Specialist in Santee, California.  However, I continued my role as an instructor at the University of California, San Diego, in the Reading Specialist Certification Program until June, 2009. 
I wasn't ready to retire. Teaching is in my blood! (My mother always reminded me that when I was little, I dragged the neighborhood kids in to play school whether they wanted to or not!) I still have the strong desire to make a difference for teachers, parents, and students. I'm passionate about the joy of knowing how to read and write and want every child to have the experience of closing a book with a sigh, "Wow, that was a good book!" The only way they can do that is by having the necessary skills and strategies to become independent readers. This website has been created to provide resources and materials for classroom teachers, reading and resource specialists, speech therapists, parents and students in the area of language arts. Please feel free to download and print anything that catches your eye, but please make sure to leave my name on the poetry and worksheets!
If you have specific needs or suggestions, please don't hesitate to a   sk. I'm always open to new ideas and requests. That's how the site continues to grow. You can email me at carl1404@msn.com.
Thank you so much for your heartfelt messages and testimonials. You and your children are the reason that I maintain the site and I will continue to offer the materials with little or no fees.
小題1:By saying “Teaching is in my blood” in Paragraph 2, the author means that ________.
A．she loves teaching all her life
B．she didn’t want to retire at all
C．she is a specialist in teaching
D．teaching is as important as her blood
小題2:Which of the following statements is TRUE about Cherry Carl?
A．She became a teacher at the age of 35.
B．She was interested in teaching as a child.
C．She is still a teacher in a middle school now.
D．She gave up teaching totally 35 years ago.
小題3:If you want some materials from Cherry Carl, ________.
A．you must pay some money for them
B．you can always get them free of charge
C．you should tell her before getting them
D．you should mark her name on them

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

I am a psychologist. I first met Timothy, a quiet, overweight eleven­year­old boy, when his mother brought him to me to discuss his declining grades. A few minutes with Timothy were enough to confirm that his self-esteem (自尊) and general happiness were falling right along with them.
I asked about Timothy’s typical day. He awoke every morning at six thirty so he could reach his school by eight and arrived home around four thirty each afternoon. He then had a quick snack, followed by either a piano lesson or a lesson with his math tutor. He finished dinner at 7 pm, and then he sat down to do homework for two to three hours. Quickly doing the math in my head, I found that Timothy spent an average of thirteen hours a day at a writing desk.
What if Timothy spent thirteen hours a day at a sewing machine instead of a desk? We would immediately be shocked, because that would be called children being horribly mistreated. Timothy was far from being mistreated, but the mountain of homework he faced daily resulted in a similar consequence — he was being robbed of his childhood. In fact, Timothy had no time to do anything he truly enjoyed, such as playing video games, watching movies, or playing board games with his friends.
Play, however, is a crucial part of healthy child development. It affects children’s creativity, their social skills, and even their brain development. The absence of play, physical exercise, and free­from social interaction takes a serious toll on many children. It can also cause significant health problems like childhood obesity, sleep problems and depression.
Experts in the field recommend the minutes children spend on their homework should be no more than ten times the number of their grade level. As a fifth­grader, Timothy should have no more than fifty minutes a day of homework (instead of three times that amount). Having an extra two hours an evening to play, relax, or see a friend would soundly benefit any child’s life quality.
小題1:What did the writer think of Timothy after learning about his typical day__________?
A．Timothy was very hard­working.
B．Timothy was being mistreated.
C．Timothy had a heavy burden.
D．Timothy was enjoying his childhood.
小題2:Which of the following statements best describes the writer’s opinion________?
A．Children should be allowed enough time to play.
B．Playing board games works better than playing video games.
C．The more they play, the more creative children will become.
D．The depression caused by homework makes children unwilling to play.
小題3:According to the passage, how long should a third­grader spend a day doing homework________?
A．About ten minutes.B．No more than twenty minutes.
C．No more than thirty minutes.D．About fifty minutes.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Although websites such as Facebook and MySpace experienced rapid growth during the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, some users remain unaware of the fact that the information they post online can come back to haunt them. First, employers can monitor employees who maintain a blog, photo diary, or website. Employers can look for controversial(引起爭(zhēng)議的) employee opinions, sensitive information disclosures, or wildly inappropriate conduct. For example, a North Carolina newspaper fired one of its features writers after she created a blog on which she wrote about the strange things of her job and coworkers without signing her real name.
The second unintended use of information from social networking websites is employers who check on prospective employees. A June 11, 2006 New York Times article reported that many companies use search engines and social networking websites such as MySpace, Xanga, and Facebook to conduct background checks on college campuses. Although the use of MySpace or Google to check a student’s background is somewhat unsettling to many undergraduates, the Times noted that the use of Facebook is especially shocking to students who believe that Facebook is limited to current students and recent alum(校友).
Corporate employers are not the only people interested in college students’ lives. The third unintended use of social networking websites is college administrators who monitor the Internet — especially Facebook — for student bad behavior. For example, a college in Boston’s Back Bay expelled (除名) its student Government Association President for joining a Facebook group highly critical of a campus police sergeant. In addition, fifteen students at a state university in North Carolina faced charges in court for underage drinking because of photos that appeared on Facebook.
Although more users of websites such as Facebook are becoming aware of the potential dangers of online identities, many regular users still fail to take there basic security precautions(警惕). First, only make your information available to a specific list of individuals whom you approve. Second , regularly search for potentially harmful information about yourself that may have been posted by mistake or by a disgruntled
(不滿的)former associate. Thrid, never post obviously offensive material will likely make its way to the wider world. By taking these simple steps, members of the digital world can realize the many benefits of e-community without experiencing some of the damaging unintended consequences.
小題1:The main purpose of the passage is to _____.
A．explain the growth of the digital world from the view of privacy
B．discuss the risks of the digital world and suggest ways to protect yourself
C．propose steps Facebook, MySpace and Google can take to protect user privacy
D．illustrate(說(shuō)明) potential unintended uses of private information
小題2:The writer implies that users should take all of the following actions to protect their online privacy EXCEPT _____.
A．know to whom you make your online information available
B．a(chǎn)ctively hunt for damaging information posted about you or under your name
C．speak with employers to inform them of any misinformation published about you
D．a(chǎn)void uploading information that would be extremely damaging if it were discovered
小題3:According to the passage, which of the following does the author imply?
A．Information obtained unwillingly from the Internet is permitted in court.
B．It is impossible to protect yourself from unintended uses of information online.
C．Even if you restrict who can view your data, the government may still access it.
D．Done properly, posting offensive information about oneself brings no risk.
小題4:In the last paragraph the author mainly _____.
A．offers detailed examples to support previous viewpoints
B．further explores the ill-effects of the Internet on the protection of privacy
C．summarizes the points of the above paragraphs
D．provides suggestions to overcome the previously mentioned problems

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