Question

2．We've considered several ways of paying to cut inline：hiring line standers，buying tickets from scalpers （票販子），or purchasing line cutting privileges directly from，say，an airline or an amusement park．Each of these deals replaces the morals of the queue （waiting your turn） with the morals of the market （paying a price for faster service）．
  Markets and queues-paying and waiting-are two different ways of allocating things，and each is appropriate to different activities．The morals of the queue，"First come，first served，"have an egalitarian（平等主義的） appeal．They tell us to ignore privilege，power，and deep pockets．
The principle seems right on play grounds and at bus stops．But the morals of the queue do not govern all occasions．If I put my house up for sale，I have no duty to accept the first offer that comes along，simply because it's the first．Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards．
Sometimes standards change，and it is unclear which principle should apply．Think of the recorded message you hear，played over and over，as you wait on hold when calling your bank："Your call will be answered in the order in which it was received．"This is essential for the morals of the queue．It's as if the company is trying to ease our impatience with fairness．
 But don't take the recorded message too seriously．Today，some people's calls are answered faster than others．Call center technology enables companies to"score"incoming call sand to give faster service to those that come from rich places．You might call this telephonic queue jumping．
 Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things．Some goods we distribute by merit，others by need，still others by chance．However，the tendency of markets to replace queues，and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore．It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we've considered-at airports and amusement parks，in call centers，doctors'offices，and national parks-are recent developments，scarcely imaginable three decades ago．The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern，but these are not the only places that markets have entered．

58．According to the author，which of the following seems governed by the principle"First come，first served"？A
A．Taking buses．               B．Buying houses．
C．Flying with an airline．     D．Visiting amusement parks．
59．The example of the recorded message in Paragraphs 4 and 5 illustrates．C
A．the necessity of patience in queuing     B．the advantage of modern technology
C．the uncertainty of allocation principle  D．the fairness of telephonic services
60．The passage is meant toB．
A．justify paying for faster services   
B．discuss the morals of allocating things
C．a(chǎn)nalyze the reason for standing in line                     
D．criticize the behavior of queue jumping．

Answer 1

分析 本文是議論文，是作者對分配事情的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的見解，提到了以下幾點(diǎn)內(nèi)容：1．額外付款得到更快服務(wù)和排隊(duì)等候是分配事情所采取的兩種不同方式，他們適用于不同的場合；2．排隊(duì)等候原則在運(yùn)動場上和車站似乎是對的，但也不是說所有場合都適用，有時(shí)候標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是會變的；3．對待各種場合的錄音信息不要太認(rèn)真，有時(shí)候公司會利用呼叫中心給某些人優(yōu)先權(quán)；4．額外付款得到更快服務(wù)和排隊(duì)等候并不是分配事情所采取的固定方式，可是現(xiàn)在額外付款得到更快服務(wù)的方式有取代排隊(duì)等候和其它的分配方式的趨勢，這排隊(duì)原則的逐漸消失令人擔(dān)憂．

解答 58．A  細(xì)節(jié)理解題，根據(jù)第二段The principle seems right on play grounds and at bus stops．Selling my house and waiting for a bus are different activities，properly governed by different standards．可知賣房和等公交車是受不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制約，等公交車是先到先得，而賣房則不同，故選A．
59．C   推理判斷題，根據(jù)第四段Sometimes standards change，and it is unclear which principle should apply．以及第五段 But don't take the recorded message too seriously．可知適用規(guī)則的不確定性以及不要太把這個(gè)事例當(dāng)故事，故選C．
60．B   主旨大意題，根據(jù)第六段Of course，markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things．可知本文主要講述了對分配事務(wù)的道德問題的探討，故選B．

點(diǎn)評 考查學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力．做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí)一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確選擇．在做推理判斷題時(shí)不要以個(gè)人的主觀想象代替文章的事實(shí)，要根據(jù)文章事實(shí)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．