Question

【題目】 One recent night， while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal， my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked， “A prejudice had something in common with an ideal.”In other words， ideals—general descriptions of people's expectations of themselves and others—can often lead us to unreasonable ideas.It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people.We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin， the year of their birth or any other related factors.

I grew up in a multi-racial corner of America.The different groups were often subject to narrow stereotypes：Jewish people were“greedy”， Mexicans were“poorly educated”， and Asians were“good at math”.These labels were taught to us from a young age.They wormed their way into our belief systems， harming how we came to see others.It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true.The rush-to judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination.

You can also see these over-generalized descriptions being made against today's Chinese people.Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among mile millennial being described as “monkish”， or“dad-fashion”which has given the“greasy middle-aged men”tag.stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society.But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.

It's about time that we， as a society， walked away from generalizations and stereotypes.I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr.from his famous“I Have a Dream”speech：“T look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin， but by the content of their character.”By reserving judgment and really getting to know the individual you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation.

【1】According to the passage， how do people tend to judge others?

A.By describing people's personalities.

B.By truly getting to know those around.

C.By observing their noticeable features.

D.By following Martin Luther King's speech.

【2】Examples of“millennial”and dad-fashion”are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal .

A.generalizations have unfavorable position in society

B.generalizations have a negative influence on our society

C.generalizations are found peculiar to the middle-age Chinese

D.generalizations make today's Chinese people lack interest or worry

【3】The passage is mainly concerned with .

A.the common prejudice

B.people's expectation of themselves

C.the groundless worries

D.the famous speech of Martin Luther King Jr.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】A

【解析】

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了當(dāng)今社會(huì)普遍存在的對(duì)某些群體留有刻板印象的現(xiàn)象。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.（我們喜歡根據(jù)人們的膚色、出生年份或其他相關(guān)因素來(lái)對(duì)他們進(jìn)行刻板印象）可知，我們喜歡通過(guò)人們的膚色、出生年份或其他相關(guān)因素來(lái)對(duì)他們形成刻板印象，也就是人們常常以別人的明顯特征來(lái)判斷的。由此可知，人們傾向于通過(guò)觀察他們明顯的特征。判斷別人故選C。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的倒數(shù)第二行Stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.（刻板印象似乎總能在我們社會(huì)的意識(shí)中站穩(wěn)腳跟。但這些概括確實(shí)有害，因?yàn)檫@些印象可能會(huì)影響更多人。）可知，作者認(rèn)為刻板印象似乎如“千禧一代”“復(fù)古時(shí)尚”之類的總能在我們社會(huì)的意識(shí)中站穩(wěn)腳跟，但這些概括確實(shí)有害，因?yàn)檫@些印象可能會(huì)影響更多人。故可知在第3段中提及的“千禧一代”和“復(fù)古時(shí)尚”的例子揭示泛化對(duì)我們的社會(huì)有負(fù)面影響。故選B。

【3】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文闡述了人們常常通過(guò)別人的明顯特征就將人們定型，形成狹隘的刻板印象，并且圍繞了這種刻板印象的歧視給社會(huì)帶來(lái)的消極影響，并在最后呼吁人們改變這種給別人“貼標(biāo)簽”，給群體留下刻板印象的歧視。綜上，本文主要關(guān)注的是普遍存在的共同歧視現(xiàn)象。故選A。