Question

7．El Nino，a Spanish term for"the Christ child"，was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern，which happens every two to seven years，reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas．El Nino sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round．
The weather effects，both good and bad，are felt in many places．Rich countries gain more from powerful Nino，on balance，than they lose．A study found that a strong Nino in 1997 helped American's economy grow by 15 billion，partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain．The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones．
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames．A multi-year drought （干旱）in south-east Brazil is becoming worse．Though heavy rains brought about by El Nino may relieve the drought in California，they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters．
The most recent powerful Nino，in 1997-98，killed around 21，000 people and caused damage worth  36．But such Ninos come with months of warning，and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare．According to the Overseas Development Institute （ODI），however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards．This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction．
Simple improvements to infrastructure （基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）can reduce the spread of disease．Better sewers （下水道）make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach．Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods．According to a paper in 2011by Mr Hsiang and co-authors，civil conflict is related to El Nino's harmful effects-and the poorer the country，the stronger the link．Though the relationship may not be causal，helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people．Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino，reducing ther losses needs to bethe priority．
61．What can we learn about El Nino in Paragraph 1？A
A．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean．
B．It takes place almost every year all over the world．
C．It is named after a South American fisherman．
D．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas．
62．What may El Ninos bring about to the countries affected？D
A．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically．
BAgricultural harvests in rich coutries fall．
C．Droughts become more harmful than floods．
D．Rich countries'gains are greater than their losses．
63．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4suggest thatB
A．governments of poor countries need more aid
B．more investment should go to risk reduction
C．victims of El Nino deserve more compensation
D．recovery and reconstruction should come first
64．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage？B
A．To introduce El Nino and its origin．
B．To urge people to prepare for El Nino．
C．To show ways of fighting against El Nino．
D．To explain the consequences of El Nino．

Answer 1

分析 文章介紹了El Nifio現(xiàn)象的由來，以及給一些國家?guī)�來的影響，最后提出要將資金花在預(yù)防而不是重建上．

解答 ADBB
61．A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段最后一句El Nifio sees warm water，collected over several years in the western Pacific，flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken，or sometimes the other way round．可知El Nifio見證了西太平洋的海水向東倒流，當(dāng)正常向西吹的風(fēng)減弱時(shí)，故A正確． 
62．D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第二段第二句Rich countries gain more from powerful Nifio，on balance，than they lose．可知富裕的國家從El Nifio現(xiàn)象里總的來說收獲比損失更多，故D項(xiàng)正確．
63．B 推理題．根據(jù)第四段第三句話According to the Overseas Development Institute （ODI），however，just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance，rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards可知，政府鼓勵(lì)更多的投資應(yīng)該投向風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的預(yù)防上，而不是災(zāi)后的重建上，故選B．
64．B目的意圖題．根據(jù)最后一句"Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Nino，reducing their losses needs to be the priority．"各國政府要把減少損失放在優(yōu)先的位置．也就是說我們要事先做好準(zhǔn)備．故B項(xiàng)正確．

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