Question

【題目】 Bats are the only mammals that can fly a great distance, but they have another ability. Many bats live a very long time for an animal of their size. European researchers are studying bats to understand why they live so long. They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.

Last week, the group of scientists said they had identified important biological qualities in some bat species. The group studied the bats’ chromosomes (染色體), a line of genes found in the nucleus of cells. The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes. They are called telomeres (端粒), which protect the ends of chromosomes and shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down. They say this is what cause aging.

The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years. Of these animals, the greater mouse-eared bat generally lived the longest, an average of 37 years. The scientists said this and a related species, which are grouped together under the name Myotis, had telomeres that did not shorten with age. Another Myotis bat holds the record for the oldest age, reaching 41 years. The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats’ cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This helps guard against the aging process.

Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.

【1】Why are European researchers studying bats?

A.To learn the similar habits between bats and human beings.

B.To find out why the greater mouse-eared bats live a long life.

C.To try to understand why bats prefer to fly during the night.

D.To discover a good way to prevent human beings from aging.

【2】What does the second paragraph mainly explain to us?

A.The structures of the bats’ chromosomes.B.What causes aging biologically.

C.The functions of telomeres.D.What causes cells to break down.

【3】Why do the greater mouse-eared bat and another Myotis bat live so long?

A.They are grouped together under the name Myotis.

B.Their telomeres are decreasing with age.

C.Their cells are able to keep up and fix their telomeres.

D.They have more telomeres than human beings do.

【4】What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.Bats live 10 times longer than other mammals.

B.Bats enjoy the longest life among mammals.

C.The greater mouse-eared bat and other bats should have lived longer.

D.Many bats live longer than human beings considering their body size.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】C

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。歐洲研究人員正在研究蝙蝠，以了解它們?yōu)槭裁茨芑钸@么長時間。他們希望能在對抗人類衰老的過程中有所發(fā)現。文章解釋了導致生物衰老的原因是端粒，以及研究發(fā)現蝙蝠的細胞有能力維持和修復它們的端粒，這有助于防止老化過程。同時，考慮到蝙蝠的體型，許多蝙蝠比人類活得長。

【1】細節(jié)理解題。根據第一段最后一句They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.可知，他們希望能在對抗人類衰老的過程中有所發(fā)現。由此可知，歐洲研究人員要研究蝙蝠是為了發(fā)現一個防止人類衰老的好方法。故選D。

【2】段落大意題。根據第二段中They are called telomeres, which protect the ends of chromosomes and shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down. They say this is what cause aging.可知，它們被稱為端粒，保護染色體的末端，縮短細胞每次分裂的時間�？茖W家認為這種縮短過程會導致細胞分裂。他們說這就是導致衰老的原因。由此可知，第二段主要向我們解釋了是什么導致了生物衰老。故選B。

【3】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats’ cells have the ability to maintain and repair their telomeres. This helps guard against the aging process.可知，科學家的發(fā)現表明，這些蝙蝠的細胞有能力維持和修復它們的端粒。這有助于防止老化過程。由此可知，大鼠耳蝠和另一種肌炎蝠壽命長是因為他們的細胞能夠維持和修復他們的端粒。故選C。

【4】推理判斷題。根據最后一段中Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.可知，根據體型大小，像大鼠耳蝠這樣的蝙蝠預計能活四年。但是，這些哺乳動物的壽命幾乎是這個數字的10倍�？茖W家們發(fā)現，只有19種哺乳動物的壽命比人類長。其中18只是蝙蝠。由此可推知，考慮到蝙蝠的體型，許多蝙蝠比人類活得長。故選D。

隱含意義推理判斷題。這類題的題干中常含有：infer/suggest/imply/conclude/intend/purpose/be likely to等標志性詞語。解決這類問題時要理解文章潛在的含義和作者所給的提示。同時，要對文章的含義和作者的暗示作出合理的猜測和推斷。如第四小題，根據最后一段中Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse-eared bat would be expected to live four years. But, these mammals have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that. The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.可知根據體型大小，像大鼠耳蝠這樣的蝙蝠預計能活四年。但是，這些哺乳動物的壽命幾乎是這個數字的10倍。科學家們發(fā)現，只有19種哺乳動物的壽命比人類長。其中18只是蝙蝠。由此可推知，考慮到蝙蝠的體型，許多蝙蝠比人類活得長。故選D。