Question

【題目】William Herschel was born on November 15th, 1738 in Hanover in a family of musicians. In 1757,he fled to England and began earning a living as an organist and later composer and conductor. In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy. William died at his home in Slough, near Windsor on August 25th,1822,and Caroline on September 1st,1848.

Herschel’s first major discoveries were to show that Mars and Jupiter exhibit axial rotation(繞軸自轉(zhuǎn)). Herschel struck fame in 1781,when on March 13th he discovered the planet Uranus(天王星) while engaged in work aimed at determining stellar parallax(恒星視差).This being the first new planet discovered since ancient times, Herschel, until then a mere amateur astronomer relatively unknown even in England, became world-famous. Adopting a historically proven strategy, Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum,in honor of the then ruling English king GeorgeⅢ. The trick worked once again, as King GeorgeⅢ gave William and Caroline the titles of“The King’s Astronomer”and“Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”, an honor which came with a life’s pension for both. In 1782 they moved to Bath, and shortly thereafter to Slough, and from this point on William and Caroline could devote themselves entirely to astronomy. The Herschels went on to discover two moons of Uranus in 1787.

While Caroline became increasingly occupied with the search for comets at which she was quite successful, William became for a time interested in the Sun. Inspired by Wilson’s 1774 work, he put forth the theory of sunspots(太陽黑子),an opinion that continued to exist well into the nineteenth century. In 1800,he became interested in the solar spectrum(太陽光譜),and uncovered the first evidence for solar energy output outside of the visible spectrum, in what is now known as the infrared(紅外線).In 1801, he published two papers that effectively started the field of solar influences on Earth’s weather.

【1】Herschel made himself known to the world mainly by .

A.discovering the planet Uranus

B.determining stellar parallax

C.discovering two moons of Uranus

D.uncovering the evidence for the infrared

【2】It can be inferred from the passage that George Ⅲ .

A.liked science and technology

B.liked Herschel’s naming of the new planet

C.was interested in astronomy

D.gave Herschel a lot of useful suggestions

【3】What do we know about Caroline from the passage?

A.She was successful in music.

B.She was given the title of“The King’s Astronomer”.

C.She died later than her brother.

D.She published two papers.

【4】This passage mainly tells readers .

A.some information about Herschel and his sister

B.how Herschel and his sister discovered the planet Uranus

C.Herschel and Caroline got along well with each other

D.Herschel and Caroline’s major scientific publications

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】A

【2】B

【3】C

【4】A

【解析】

本文主要介紹了William Herschel的生平。他從小喜歡音樂，并創(chuàng)建樂隊(duì)，邀請(qǐng)他的妹妹參加。天文研究僅僅是他們的額業(yè)余愛好，天王星而世界聞名，并受到國王的接見。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的Herschel struck fame in 1781,when on March 13th he discovered the planet Uranus(天王星)可知Herschel 是因?yàn)樽约喊l(fā)現(xiàn)天王星而聞名世界的，故A正確。

【2】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的Herschel named the new planet Georgium Sidum, in honor of the then ruling English king GeorgeⅢ. The trick worked once again, as King GeorgeⅢ gave William and Caroline the titles of“The King’s Astronomer”and“Assistant to the King’s Astronomer”, an honor which came with a life’s pension可知，赫歇爾為紀(jì)念當(dāng)時(shí)執(zhí)政的英國國王喬治三世命名了新的行星喬治姆·西德姆。這個(gè)伎倆又起作用了，喬治三世國王授予威廉和卡羅琳“國王的天文學(xué)家”和“國王的天文學(xué)家助手”的稱號(hào)，這是伴隨著終身退休金而來的榮譽(yù)。因此推斷喬治三世國王喜歡赫歇爾對(duì)這顆新行星的命名。故B正確。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的In 1772, he convinced his sister Caroline to join him as a singer. In their spare time the brother-sister team became occupied in astronomy可知1772年，他說服他的妹妹卡羅琳加入他的歌手行列。在業(yè)余時(shí)間，兄妹隊(duì)開始從事天文學(xué)工作。因此推斷他們哥妹之間關(guān)系融洽，故C正確。

【4】主旨大意題。通讀全文，本文主要介紹了William Herschel和他的妹妹進(jìn)行的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)，故A正確。