【題目】 Heads up! Across the country, sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes. Now, the American Medical Association (AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions- serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.

“By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that the appropriate guidelines are in place, we can reduce the number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon, which can put their health at further risk,” said AMA Board Member Jack Resneck Jr, MD, in a statement.

The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible. Then, they are only to return to their sport with a doctor 's written approval. The policy also sets age-specific rules for health care professionals and athletic organizations in evaluating and caring for concussions.

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (外傷性腦損傷) caused by a bump, or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth. This type of movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull (顱骨). It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.

The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused by sports and recreation-related activities occur in the U.S. every year. A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before they should. The AMA' S new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down.

【1】What should young athletes who may have a concussion do?

A.Avoid using the head.B.Leave the field forever.

C.Get treatment in time.D.Switch to another sport.

【2】What does the underlined word “jolt” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A.A sudden impact.B.A strict limit.

C.A concrete barrier.D.A permanent damage.

【3】What is paragraph 4 mainly about?

A.How the EDC works.B.What causes damage to brain cells.

C.What a concussion is.D.How a concussion can be prevented.

【4】Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A.Sports Injuries in the USB.Rules for Safer Play

C.Advice to AthletesD.New Policies for Doctors

【答案】

【1】C

【2】A

【3】C

【4】B

【解析】

這是一篇說(shuō)明文。在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)，運(yùn)動(dòng)傷害是年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員的安全隱患�，F(xiàn)在，美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)(AMA)有了一套新的指導(dǎo)方針，旨在保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員免受腦震蕩的危險(xiǎn)——頭部受到重?fù)粼斐傻膰?yán)重傷害。文章介紹“安全游戲規(guī)則”。

【1】推理判斷題。文章第三段第一句和第二句The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible. Then, they are only to return to their sport with a doctor 's written approval.“該政策建議可能有腦震蕩的年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員盡快離開(kāi)賽場(chǎng)。然后，他們只有在得到醫(yī)生的書(shū)面批準(zhǔn)后才能恢復(fù)比賽。”由此可知，可能有腦震蕩的年輕運(yùn)動(dòng)員應(yīng)該及時(shí)治療。故選C。

【2】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中a concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (外傷性腦損傷) caused by a bump, “腦震蕩是一種由撞擊造成的腦損傷”和 the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.“頭部或身體的撞擊導(dǎo)致頭部和大腦快速地來(lái)回移動(dòng)。”由此可知，劃線詞的意思是“突然的撞擊”。故選A。

【3】段落大意題。根據(jù)句第四段中a concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (外傷性腦損傷) caused by a bump, or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.“腦震蕩是一種由撞擊或頭部震動(dòng)或身體撞擊造成的腦部創(chuàng)傷，導(dǎo)致頭部和大腦快速地來(lái)回移動(dòng)。”由此可知，第三段講述的是“什么是腦震蕩”。故選C。

【4】主旨大意題。文章首段Now, the American Medical Association (AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions- serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.“現(xiàn)在，美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)(AMA)有了一套新的指導(dǎo)方針，旨在保護(hù)運(yùn)動(dòng)員免受腦震蕩的危險(xiǎn)——頭部受到重?fù)粼斐傻膰?yán)重傷害。”和最后一段尾句The AMA' S new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down.“美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)的新指南應(yīng)該有助于降低這些數(shù)字。”由此可知，B項(xiàng) Rules for Safer Play是文章最佳主題。故選B。

做詞義猜測(cè)題時(shí)，利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測(cè)詞義，最常見(jiàn)的就是利用上下文語(yǔ)境、常識(shí)和語(yǔ)法關(guān)系推斷詞義。尤其是抓住所需推斷詞匯前后的內(nèi)容做出判斷。本題第2小題，根據(jù)第四段中a concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (外傷性腦損傷) caused by a bump, “腦震蕩是一種由撞擊造成的腦損傷”和 the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.“頭部或身體的撞擊導(dǎo)致頭部和大腦快速地來(lái)回移動(dòng)。”由此可知，劃線詞的意思是“突然的撞擊”。故選A。

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