16.There are a large number of ants worldwide.Each individual (個人的) ant hardly weighs anything,but put together they weigh the same as all of mankind.They also live nearly everywhere,except on cold mountain tops and around the poles.For animals their size,ants have been surprisingly successful,largely because of their wonderful social behavior.
In colonies (群體) that are changing in size from a few hundred to tens of millions,they organize their lives with a clear division(分工) of labor.Even amazing is how they achieve this organization.Where we use sound and sight to communicate,ants depend on pheromones (外激素),chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony.When an ant finds food,it produces a pheromones that will lead others straight to where the food is.When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying,it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony of danger.
In fact,when it comes to the art of war,ants have no equal.They are completely fearless and will take on an animal much larger than themselves,attacking in large groups and achieve their goal.Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will lose their lives to help win an enemy.
Behaving in this selfless and devoted way,these little animals have survived on Earth for more than 140million years,longer than dinosaurs.Because they think as one,they have a united intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.
12.We can learn from the passage that ants areA.
A.not found around the poles
B.too many to achieve any organization
C.not willing to share food
D.more successful than all other animals
13.Ants can use pheromones forD.
A.escape
B.warning enemies
C.a(chǎn)rranging labor
D.communication
14.What does the underlined expression"take on"in Paragraph 3mean?C
A.Accept
B.Play with
C.Fight against
D.Employ
15.Which of the following accounts for the survival of ants?A
A.Their behavior
B.Their size
C.Their number
D.Their weight.
分析 本文主要介紹了螞蟻的生活環(huán)境、聯(lián)系方式和無私的合作精神.除了冰凍的山頂和兩極外,螞蟻幾乎生活在任何地方.當螞蟻發(fā)現(xiàn)食物或遇到危險時,它們就產(chǎn)生一種外激素,它們用外激素來進行交流.
解答 12.A 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第一段的"They also live nearly everywhere,excepton frozen mountain tops and around the poles."可知,除了冰凍的山頂和兩極外,他們幾乎生活在任何地方.所以我們在極地周圍是找不到螞蟻的.故選A.
13.D 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章第二段的"Where we use sound and sight to communicate,antsdepend primarily on pheromone (外激素)"可知,我們用聲音和視覺來交流,螞蟻主要依靠外激素來交流.所以螞蟻可以用外激素來交流.故選D.
14.C 詞義猜測題.根據(jù)文章第三段的"They are completely fearless and will readilytake on a creature much larger than themselves,"可知,螞蟻打仗的時候是無畏的,將準備和比它們大得多的動物斗爭.take on和fightagainst意思相近.故選C.
15.A 細節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章最后一段的"Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner,theselittle creatures have survived on Earth,for more than 140 million years,farlonger than dinosaurs."可知,這些無私的、忠實的行為,使這些小動物在地球生存了1億4000萬多年,比恐龍還要長.所以螞蟻的生存主要是因為它們的行為.故選A.
點評 本文是科教類閱讀,文章所設(shè)試題主要考查細節(jié)查找,做題關(guān)鍵是找出原文的根據(jù),認真核查題意原文的異同,對于不能直接找到根據(jù)的小題注意根據(jù)相關(guān)信息,進行推理分析.