12.People are more likely to lie or cheat during the afternoon because self control reduces during the day,according to researchers.
   Volunteers taking part in two experiments where they could benefit by cheating were more likely to do so if the tests took place after midday,researchers found.
   The findings back up previous studies which have shown that our capacity for self-control declines during the day,due to tiredness and repeatedly making decisions.
    Psychologists from Harvard University first showed a group of volunteers various patterns of dots on a computer screen,asking them to decide whether there were more dots on the left or the right hand side.
Instead of being rewarded for getting the answer right,the participants were paid based on which side they chose,earning ten times as much for choosing the right hand side as the left.
   People who were tested after midday were significantly more likely to select the right hand side,even if there were clearly more dots on the left,than those who took part during the morning.
   In a second test,participants were shown a series of word fragments,such as"-ral"and"e-c-"and asked which words they associated with them.
   In morning experiments,participants were more likely to form the words"moral"and"ethical"while during the afternoon the words"coral"and"effects"were most common.
   Further tests conducted online showed that people were more likely to send dishonest messages or claim to have solved an unsolvable problem in the afternoon than in the morning.
   Writing the Psychological Science journal,the researchers said the difference was particularly pronounced in people with higher ethical standards,who always behaved morally during the morning but slipped during the afternoon.
In contrast,those who were able to"morally disengage",or behave unethically without feeling guilty,tended to cheat whatever the time of day.
   Dr.Maryam Kouchaki,one of the lead authors,said:"Unfortunately,the most honest people,such as those less likely to morally disengage,may be the most susceptible (易受影響的) to the negative consequences associated with the morning morality effect."
   The findings could be relevant to organizations that should be more alert about the behavior of customers and employees during the afternoon,she added."Our findings suggest that mere time of day can lead to a systematic failure of good people to act morally."
74.Volunteers can get more money when theyB
A.gave the correct answer                  B.chose the right hand side
C.chose the left hand side                 D.remembered the patterns of dots
75.Why are participants less likely to form words like"ethical","moral"in the afternoon?D
A.Because their vocabulary becomes smaller.
B.Because they are unwilling to tell the truth.
C.Because the words are the voice of their heart.
D.Because self control declines after midday.
76.The underlined word"pronounced"( in paragraph 10 ) is closest in meaning toC
A.dominated            B.a(chǎn)nnounced            C.marked       D.exposed
77.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A
A.The finding especially applies to those who behave ethically.
B.Mere time of day can lead to systematic failure of organizations.
C.The finding doesn't agree with that of previous studies.
D.People who act morally feel guilty after telling a lie.

分析 研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人們?cè)谙挛绲臅r(shí)候更傾向于撒謊或作弊,因?yàn)樵诎滋炖锶说淖钥啬芰?huì)逐漸減弱.下文列舉的幾項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明了這個(gè)結(jié)論,其中一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)就是讓參與者根據(jù)給出的字母聯(lián)想單詞,最終結(jié)果表明參與者在早上傾向于拼寫出 ethical、moral 等帶有道德色彩的單詞,而在下午則沒(méi)有這種表現(xiàn),這就是由于參與者的自控能力逐漸減弱.

解答 74:B  細(xì)節(jié)題.由第五段"the participants were paid based on which side they chose,earning ten times as much for choosing the right hand side as the left."可知,選擇右手邊圖象的志愿者能得到更多錢,故正確答案為B.
75:D  推斷題.由第一段"People are more likely to lie or cheat during the afternoon because self control reduces during the day"并結(jié)合全文可知,該句表達(dá)了全文主旨,即研究發(fā)現(xiàn),人們?cè)谙挛绲臅r(shí)候更傾向于撒謊或作弊,因?yàn)樵诎滋炖锶说淖钥啬芰?huì)逐漸減弱.下文列舉的幾項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明了這個(gè)結(jié)論,其中一項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)就是讓參與者根據(jù)給出的字母聯(lián)想單詞,最終結(jié)果表明參與者在早上傾向于拼寫出 ethical、moral 等帶有道德色彩的單詞,而在下午則沒(méi)有這種表現(xiàn),這就是由于參與者的自控能力逐漸減弱.故正確答案為D.
76:C  推斷題.首先定位到第十段"the difference was particularly pronounced in people with higher ethical standards",由下一段段首"In contrast"可知這兩段存在轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系,而第十一段說(shuō)明了對(duì)于那些根本沒(méi)有道德意識(shí)的人無(wú)論在一天中的哪個(gè)時(shí)段都傾向于欺騙,據(jù)此可推測(cè)第十段主要說(shuō)明對(duì)于那些有著較高道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人,在早上表現(xiàn)得非常有道德而在下午道德感逐漸減弱的這種差異非常顯著(pronounced).四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有 marked 可表達(dá)"顯著的"之意.A項(xiàng)"占主導(dǎo)地位的;強(qiáng)勢(shì)的",B項(xiàng)"宣布的",D項(xiàng)"暴露的",均不符合文意.故正確答案為C.
77:A  推斷題.由第十段"the difference was particularly pronounced in people with higher ethical standards,who always behaved morally during the morning but slipped during the afternoon."可知,對(duì)于那些有著較高道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的人,在早上表現(xiàn)得非常有道德而在下午道德感逐漸減弱的這種差異非常顯著;又由第十一段"those who were able to'morally disengage'…tended to cheat whatever the time of day."可知,對(duì)于那些根本沒(méi)有道德意識(shí)的人無(wú)論在一天中的哪個(gè)時(shí)段都傾向于欺騙.綜上可知,這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于那些表現(xiàn)得很道德的人來(lái)說(shuō)尤其適用.故正確答案為A.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 1、要想做好科普英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題,同學(xué)們就要注意平時(shí)多讀科普知識(shí)類文章,學(xué)習(xí)科普知識(shí),積累常見的科普詞匯,從根本上提高科普英語(yǔ)的閱讀能力.
2、要熟悉科普類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn).科普類文章一般由標(biāo)題(Head line),導(dǎo)語(yǔ)(Introduction),背景(Back ground),主體(Main body)和結(jié)尾(End)五部分構(gòu)成.標(biāo)題是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括,但根據(jù)歷年的高考情況來(lái)看,這類閱讀理解材料一般不給標(biāo)題,而要同學(xué)們選擇標(biāo)題.導(dǎo)語(yǔ)一般位于整篇文章的首段.背景交待一個(gè)事實(shí)的起因.主體則對(duì)導(dǎo)語(yǔ)概括的事實(shí)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述,這一部分命題往往最多,因此,閱讀時(shí),同學(xué)們要把這部分作為重點(diǎn).結(jié)尾往往也是中心思想的概括,并與導(dǎo)語(yǔ)相呼應(yīng),命題者常在此要設(shè)計(jì)一道推理判斷題.  
3、在進(jìn)行推理判斷時(shí),同學(xué)們一定要以閱讀材料所提供的科學(xué)事實(shí)為依據(jù),同時(shí)所得出的結(jié)論還應(yīng)符合基本的科普常識(shí).

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解

4.Is Positive Thinking Powerful?
The﹩11billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like"I never do anything right"into positive ones like"I can succeed".But was the positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right?Is there power in positive thinking?
Researchers in Canada just published a study in Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect:it can simply stress how unhappy they are.The study's authors,Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick,begin by using older research showing that when people get feedback (反饋) which they believe is overly positive,they actually feel worse,not better.If you tell your friend who is not very clever that he has the potential of an Einstein,you're just underlining his faults.In the 1990s,a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton conducted an experiment.The participants were asked to write essays opposing financial support for the disabled,expressing little sympathy for them.When these participants were later praised for their sympathy,they felt even worse about what they had written.
In this experiment,Wood,Lee and Perunovic measured 68students'self-respect.The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes.Every 15seconds,one group of students heard a bell.When it rang,they were supposed to tell themselves,"I am lovable."Those with low self-respect didn't feel better after the forced self-approval.In fact,their feelings turned significantly worse than those of members of the control group,who weren't urged to think positive thoughts.
The study provides support for newer forms for psychotherapy (心理治療) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them.In the fighting,we not only often fail but can make things worse.Meditation (靜思) techniques,on the contrary,can teach people to realize their shortcomings from a larger,more realistic perspective.Call it the power of negative thinking.

67.What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?B
A.There can be no simple solutions to psychological problems.
B.Encouraging positive thinking may do harm to people.
C.The power of positive thinking is limited.
D.Unhappy people cannot think positively.
68.The underlined part in Paragraph 2probably meansC.
A.you are pointing out the mistakes he has made
B.you are not taking his mistakes seriously enough
C.you are stressing the fact that he is not intelligent
D.you are not trying to make him feel better about his faults
69.What do we learn from the experiment of Wood,Lee and Perunovic?D
A.Self-approval can bring a positive change to one's feelings.
B.People with low self-respect seldom write down their true feelings.
C.It is important for people to continually improve their self-respect.
D.Forcing people to think positive thoughts may lower their self-respect.
70.It can be learned from the last paragraph thatC.
A.people can avoid making mistakes through meditation
B.different people tend to have different ways of thinking
C.meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy
D.the effects of positive thinking differ from person to person.

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:選擇題

1.When we were young,every winter evening my sisters and I _______ stay by the fire,enjoying my grandmother's telling moving stories.(  )
A.wouldB.mightC.shouldD.could

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科目:高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源: 題型:閱讀理解

2.In the debates about how a particular piece of land is to be used,the priorities often conflict.What should you do,for example,if you find out that under the fertile fields of a farming community there is a thick bed of coal which can be strip mined(露天礦)?Strip mining tears up top soil and plants.But mining may create jobs,bring money to the towns businesses.Those who approve of strip mining say that the coal is needed,and they point out that it is quicker and cheaper to get coal from the surface than to go deep into the earth to get it by standard mining techniques.On the other hand,it takes nature 500years to create an inch of top soil.As the countryside fills up,people are becoming more aware of the need for open space.Nearly every proposal for a new power plant,highway,or airport draws fierce opposition.Everyone wants the big,land-eating"uglies"to be in someone else's backyard.Minneapolis and St.Paul,Minnesota,for example,have been debating about the site of a future airport for years.Yet if a new airport is needed,it will have to go somewhere.
How do we find our way out of the land-used problem?One way might be to reexamine our values,to think in new directions.Does everyone have to have a car with its need for highways and parking lots?What about developing mass transport systems that use less land?Do suburbs have to spread?Can they be designed so they use less space?Do we have to have more energy?If we do,do we really have to strip-mine coal to provide it?
However difficult they may be to arrive at,choices will have to be made if we want to preserve the beauty and usefulness of the land.For there is at least one point on which all of us can agree:The land does have its limits.

97.The word"priorities"in the sentence meansD.
A.the various needs           
  B.the most important goal
C.the number one necessity     
  D.the first thing to be considered
98."…,people are becoming more aware of the need for open space."tells us thatB.
A.people are thinking to develop their living space into the sky
B.people noticed the need for unoccupied land
C.people are struggling to get more land from the space
  D.people are becoming more active on the space issue
99.How do we find our way out of the land use problems?A
A.One way might be to reexamine our values,to think in new directions.
  B.Everyone has to have a car with its need for highways and parking lots.
C.We have to have more energy.We need strip-mine coal to provide it.
  D.We may develop mass transit systems which use less land.
100."Everyone wants the big,land-eating‘uglies'to be in someone else s backyard."shows thatB.
A.people don t want more big projects
B.people don t want to live in the neighborhood of the big projects
C.people regard the large construction projects are"uglies"
D.people don t like the undesirable building projects.
101.The main idea of this article isA.
A.The Limits of Land            B.Land
  C.Land and Our Life Styles      D.Land and Space.

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