2．Not too many decades ago it seemed"obvious"both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations，loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors，and substituted in their place loosel relationships with passing acquaintances（相識之人）．However，in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the"obvious"is not true．It seems that if you are a city resident，you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community．But，for the most part，this fact has few significant consequences．It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else．
Even in very large cities，people maintain close social ties within small，private social worlds．Indeed，the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people．Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents．Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities．Urbanism may produce a different style of life，but the quality of life does not differ between town and city．Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation，a feeling of not belonging，than are residents of smaller communities．However，city dwellers do worry more about crime，and this leads them to a distrust of strangers．
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference．If neighbors are strangers to one another，they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers．Moreover，as Wirth suggested，there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity（多樣性）．For instance，sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling，drugs，etc．Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan（見多識廣的） outlook，to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles，to vote for leftist political candidates，and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups，unpopular political groups，and so-called undesirables．Everything considered，heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size．
66．According to the paragraph 1，it was once a common belief that people in modern societyB．
A．tended to acqaint themselves with people passing by
B．could not develop very close relationships wth others
C．bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relatives
D．usually had more friends than small-town residents
67．One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residentsC．
A．suffer fron the lack of friendship
B．lower the quality of relationships
C．show little concern for other people
D．become suspicious of each other
68．We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is，A
A．the more open-minded people are
B．the more similar its interests is
C．the more likely it it to display stress
D．the better its quality of life is
69．What is the passage mainly aboutB？
A．Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small towns
B．Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and towns
C The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society．
D The strong feeling of alienation that city inhabitants are suffering．
分析 本文是一篇說明文．主要講的是城市與小鎮(zhèn)人際關系的微小區(qū)別．現(xiàn)代社會改變了人們的自然關系，使親情、鄰里觀念變得淡薄，取而代之的是彼此之間萍水相逢的表面關系．如果你居住在城市里，那么你認識的鄰居就必定會比你住在小社區(qū)里認識的少．小鎮(zhèn)居民比大城市居民更愿意同親戚走動．但是城里人通過結交志趣相投的朋友彌補了這個缺憾．城市居民對犯罪行為更為擔心，這使他們不信任陌生人．大城市的居民比小城鎮(zhèn)的居民見多識廣，對傳統(tǒng)的親情角色承擔更小的責任，更有可能投票選舉左翼政黨候選人，對非傳統(tǒng)的宗教團體、不得人心的政團組織或所謂的討人嫌者更能容忍．通盤考慮，多樣性和不同尋常的舉止是巨大的人口規(guī)模造成的．
解答 66．B 細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第一段第一句"Not too many decades ago it seemed"obvious"both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations，loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors，and substituted in their place loosened relationships with passing acquaintances（相識之人）．"可知，一般大眾與社會學家都認為親人、鄰居之間的關系變的淡薄，只與一些普通的熟人打交道．"，故選B．
67．C 推理判斷題．根據(jù)第二段中"Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents．"和"If neighbors are strangers to one another，they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers．"可知，城市居民相對小鎮(zhèn)居民不夠關心他人，故選C．
68．A 推理判斷題．根據(jù)第三段中"Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan（見多識廣的） outlook，to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles，to vote for leftist political candidates，and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups，unpopular political groups，and so-called undesirables．"可知，"城市居民比小鎮(zhèn)居民更見多識廣，更支持左翼政治候選人，更能寬容非傳統(tǒng)的宗教團體等"，這說明他們思想更開放，故選A．
69．B 主旨大意題．本文第一段為中心段，"However，in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the"obvious"is not true．It seems that if you are a city resident，you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community．But，for the most part，this fact has few significant consequences．It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else．"可知，本文講的是城市與小鎮(zhèn)人際關系的微小區(qū)別，故選B．
點評 解答細節(jié)理解題時，一個常用的方法就是運用定位法，即根據(jù)題干和選項中的關鍵詞從原文中找到相關的句子，與選項進行比較從而確定答案；推理判斷題既要求學生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點．
