Question

【題目】 Contrary to popular belief, when a person makes a mistake while learning, it improves their memory for the right information, but only if the error is close to the correct answer, according to their recent findings made by Baycrest researchers.

To figure out the influence of making mistakes on learning, researchers carried out the study. They asked 32 young adults with no Spanish background to guess the English definitions of certain Spanish words. The Spanish words selected either resemble an English word with similar meaning or look like an English word, but mean something different. Participants were first shown a Spanish word and asked to guess its meaning. Then, they were briefly shown the correct translation before being shown another Spanish word. After repeating this process with 16

Spanish words, participants had a short break before their memory for the translations was tested.

Researchers found that people were better able to think of the correct translations of Spanish words that were similar to the English words. They had greater difficulty retrieving the meaning of words that look misleading.

“Our research found evidence that mistakes that are a ‘near miss’ can help a person learn the information better than if no errors are made at all,” says Dr. Nicole Anderson. “These types of errors can serve as stepping stones to remembering the right answer. But if the error made is a wild guess and out in left field, then a person doesn't learn the correct information easily.”

"Based on these findings, someone studying for an exam should only take practice quizzes after reviewing the materials,” says Dr. Anderson. “If a person takes a practice test and is unfamiliar with the content, they risk making guesses that are nowhere near the right answer. This could make it harder for them to learn the correct information later.”

“Even if a person makes a mistake while testing themselves, as long as their error is close to the right answer, they’re more likely to remember the right information,” adds Dr. Anderson.

【1】What do we know about the subjects in the recent study?

A.They have a good memory for new words

B.They know nothing about any foreign language

C.They get answers by making wild guesses in the test

D.They need to translate Spanish words into English ones

【2】What does the underlined word “retrieving” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A.Guessing.B.Remembering.

C.Distinguishing.D.Understanding.

【3】Which of the following reflects Dr. Anderson’s opinion?

A.Errors of certain kind are likely to help with learning

B.It is rewarding to make wild guesses during learning

C.Taking practice tests before exams is an unwise practice

D.It is hard to make “near miss” types of errors during learning

【4】What can be the best title for the passage?

A.The art of making mistakes.

B.The way of improving memory.

C.Good guesses while learning matter a lot.

D.Making mistakes may bring unexpected benefits.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】D

【2】B

【3】A

【4】D

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。文章說明在最新的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)過程中“接近錯(cuò)誤”比完全沒有錯(cuò)誤能更好地提高人們對(duì)正確信息的記憶。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“They asked 32 young adults with no Spanish background to guess the English definitions of certain Spanish words.”可知，研究的主題是讓32名沒有西班牙背景的年輕人將西班語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)。故選D項(xiàng)。

【2】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Researchers found that people were better able to think of the correct translations of Spanish words that were similar to the English words. ”研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們能更好地想到與英語(yǔ)單詞相似的西班牙語(yǔ)單詞的正確翻譯。他們很難記得那些看起來有誤導(dǎo)性的詞的意思。根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境判斷出，retrieving的意思為“ 記得”。故選B項(xiàng)。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Our research found evidence that mistakes that are a ‘near miss’ can help a person learn the information better than if no errors are made at all.”可知，我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，有證據(jù)表明，“接近錯(cuò)誤”比完全沒有錯(cuò)誤更能幫助人們學(xué)習(xí)信息。由此判斷出“某些錯(cuò)誤可能有助于學(xué)習(xí)”反映了安德森博士的觀點(diǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。

【4】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Contrary to popular belief, when a person makes a mistake while learning, it improves their memory for the right information, but only if the error is close to the correct answer, according to their recent findings made by Baycrest researchers.”可知根據(jù)Baycrest研究人員最近的發(fā)現(xiàn)，與普遍的看法相反，當(dāng)一個(gè)人在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)犯了錯(cuò)誤，它可以提高他們對(duì)正確信息的記憶，但前提是錯(cuò)誤接近正確答案。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“犯錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)帶來意想不到的好處”。故選D項(xiàng)。

概括主旨的方法：先看首尾或各段開頭再看全文找主題句，若無明顯主題句，就通過關(guān)鍵詞句來概括。如第4小題，最適合文章的題目是什么根據(jù)文章第一段“Contrary to popular belief, when a person makes a mistake while learning, it improves their memory for the right information, but only if the error is close to the correct answer, according to their recent findings made by Baycrest researchers. ”可知根據(jù)Baycrest研究人員最近的發(fā)現(xiàn)，與普遍的看法相反，當(dāng)一個(gè)人在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)犯了錯(cuò)誤，它可以提高他們對(duì)正確信息的記憶，但前提是錯(cuò)誤接近正確答案。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“犯錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)帶來意想不到的好處”。故選D項(xiàng)。